Social determinants and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Brazil.

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) and their association with individual and contextual factors in the Brazilian population. This quantitative cross-sectional study used secondary data from the Brazilian National Health Survey from August 2013 to February 2014. The dependent variable included WMSD, and independent variables were analyzed as individual and contextual factors. WMSD was mostly prevalent in females, individuals aged 43 to 59 years, with chronic physical or mental disorders, reporting frequent sleep disorders, and performing integrative and complementary health practices, physical exercise or sports, and heavy physical activity or housework. Regarding contextual factors, high social classes and proportion of individuals with formal work were associated with a high prevalence of WMSD, whereas a high Gini index was associated with a low prevalence. Thus, a high prevalence of WMSD in the Brazilian population was associated with individual and contextual factors, which should be the target of health professionals for actions of promotion, prevention, and intervention at individual or collective care levels.

Health education website on home care for newborns: construction, validation, and evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: to build, validate, and evaluate an educational health website on home care for newborns for use by pregnant women, postpartum women, and family members. METHOD: methodological study developed according to the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate model. After construction, the website was validated by 20 experts and evaluated by 20 individuals from the target audience, and the data wasanalyzed according to the Concordance Index with a cut-off point equal to or greater than 0.7 (70%). RESULTS: in the validation, the Concordance Index for all the items was higher than 0.7 (70%), with a variation between 0.75 (75%) and 1 (100%), reaching an overall average value of 0.91 (91%). In the evaluation, all the items got top marks, with anoverall average value of 1 (100%). CONCLUSION: the educational website was built, validated, and evaluated in a satisfactory manner. It can be considered an appropriate tool for its purpose, with benefits in the teaching-learning process for families regarding postnatal home care fornewborns through its use. It can also be used to educate students and health professionals. The website is available for free access via laptops, computers, smartphones, or tablets.

Health education website on home care for newborns: construction, validation, and evaluation / Sitio web educativo en salud sobre cuidados domiciliarios del recién nacido: construcción, validación y evaluación / Sitio Website educacional em saúde sobre cuidados domiciliares com recém-nascidos: construção, validação e avaliação

Objective: to build, validate, and evaluate an educational health website on home care for newborns for use by pregnant women, postpartum women, and family members. Method: methodological study developed according to the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate model. After construction, the website was validated by 20 experts and evaluated by 20 individuals from the target audience, and the data wasanalyzed according to the Concordance Index with a cut-off point equal to or greater than 0.7 (70%). Results: in the validation, the Concordance Index for all the items was higher than 0.7 (70%), with a variation between 0.75 (75%) and 1 (100%), reaching an overall average value of 0.91 (91%). In the evaluation, all the items got top marks, with anoverall average value of 1 (100%). Conclusion: the educational website was built, validated, and evaluated in a satisfactory manner. It can be considered an appropriate tool for its purpose, with benefits in the teaching-learning process for families regarding postnatal home care fornewborns through its use. It can also be used to educate students and health professionals. The website is available for free access via laptops, computers, smartphones, or tablets.

Objetivo: construir, validar y evaluar un sitio web educativo en salud sobre cuidados domiciliarios del recién nacido para uso de mujeres embarazadas, puérperas y sus familias. Método: estudio metodológico desarrollado según el modelo Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate . Luego de su construcción, el sitio web fue validado por 20 expertos y evaluado por 20 personas del público objetivo, y los datos analizados según el Índice de Concordancia con un punto de corte igual o superior a 0,7 (70%). Resultados: en la validación, el Índice de Concordancia para todas las cuestiones fue superior a 0,7 (70%), con una variación entre 0,75 (75%) y 1 (100%), alcanzando un valor promedio general de 0,91 (91%). En la evaluación, todos los ítems obtuvieron la máxima puntuación, con un valor medio global de 1 (100%). Conclusión: el sitio web educativo fue construido, validado y evaluado de manera satisfactoria y puede ser considerado una herramienta adecuada para su objetivo, aportando beneficios al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las familias sobre el cuidado domiciliario posparto del recién nacido por medio de su uso. Además, también se puede aplicar a la educación de estudiantes y profesionales de la salud. El sitio web está disponible para acceso libre y gratuito por medio de notebooks , computadoras, smartphones o tablets .

Objetivo: construir, validar e avaliar um website educacional em saúde sobre os cuidados domiciliares com os recém-nascidos para uso de gestantes, puérperas e familiares. Método: estudo metodológico desenvolvido conforme o modelo Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate . Após a construção, o website foi validado por 20 experts e avaliado por 20 indivíduos do público-alvo e os dados analisados conforme Índice de Concordância com ponto de corte igual ou maior a 0,7 (70%). Resultados: na validação, o Índice de Concordância de todos os quesitos foi maior do que 0,7 (70%), com variação entre 0,75 (75%) e 1 (100%), alcançando valor médio global de 0,91 (91%). Na avaliação, todos os itens obtiveram nota máxima, com valor médio global de 1 (100%). Conclusão: o website educacional foi construído, validado e avaliado de maneira satisfatória, pode ser considerado uma ferramenta adequada ao seu objetivo, com benefícios no processo de ensino-aprendizagem das famílias, quanto ao cuidado pós-natal domiciliar com os recém-nascidos mediante sua utilização. Além disso, também pode ser aplicada na educação de estudantes e profissionais de saúde. O website encontra-se disponível para o acesso livre e gratuito por meio de notebooks , computadores, smartphones ou tablets .

Mudanças da assistência e cuidado no ciclo gravídico-puerperal em tempos de coronavírus / Changes in assistance and care in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle in times of coronavirus / Cambios en la asistencia y cuidados en el ciclo embarazo-puerperal en tiempos de coronavírus

Objetivos: conhecer os procedimentos e cuidados específicos prestados à gestante, à puérpera e ao neonato em tempos de pandemia e analisar as mudanças na assistência pré-natal, no trabalho de parto, no parto e no puerpério durante a pandemia de coronavírus. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório englobando 26 mulheres. As entrevistas foram realizadas via plataforma Google Forms, com perguntas fechadas e abertas. Resultados: do estudo emergiram duas categorias: 1) Influência do isolamento social no surgimento de distúrbios mentais; 2) Adaptações com perdas de direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, sociais e trabalhistas. Conclusão: a saúde mental e os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, sociais e trabalhistas mostraram-se em maior vulnerabilidade nas mulheres que vivenciaram a gestação e o pós-parto na pandemia de coronavírus

Objective: to know the specific procedures and care provided to pregnant women, puerperal women and newborns in times of a pandemic and to analyze changes in prenatal care, labor, delivery and the postpartum period during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: this is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study involving 26 women. The interviews were conducted via the Google Forms platform, with closed and open questions. Results: Two categories emerged from the study: 1) Influence of social isolation on the emergence of mental disorders; 2) Adaptations with loss of sexual and reproductive, social and labor rights. Conclusion: mental health and sexual and reproductive, social and labor rights were shown to be more vulnerable in women who experienced pregnancy and postpartum in the coronavirus pandemic

Objetivo: conocer los procedimientos y cuidados específicos que se brindan a las gestantes, puérperas y recién nacidos en tiempos de pandemia y analizar los cambios en la atención prenatal, del trabajo de parto, del parto y del puerperio durante la pandemia del coronavirus. Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio con 26 mujeres. Las entrevistas se realizaron a través de la plataforma Google Forms, con preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Resultados: Del estudio surgieron dos categorías: 1) Influencia del aislamiento social en la aparición de trastornos mentales; 2) Adaptaciones con pérdida de derechos sexuales y reproductivos, sociales y laborales. Conclusión: la salud mental y los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, sociales y laborales se mostraron más vulnerables en mujeres que vivieron el embarazo y el posparto en la pandemia del coronavirus

(In)Visibilidade da Violência contra a Mulher no Exercício da Odontologia

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa investigou as percepções, conhecimentos e atitudes dos cirurgiões-dentistas frente a violência de gênero. Método: Foi realizado um estudo exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, com 423 cirurgiões-dentistas que responderam uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos e um questionário online sobre o tema. Foram realizadas análises de conteúdo, estatísticas descritivas e correlações bivariadas de Spearmam. Conclusões: A presença de vítimas de violência doméstica em serviços odontológicos é uma realidade, o estudo apresentou relatos de casos, assim como os principais obstáculos para a atuação do profissional nessas situações.

Analysis of meteorological variables interaction associated with the environment of formation of Amazonian squall lines.

The relationships among humidity, air temperature, wind, and vertical velocity with formation and propagation of Amazonian squall lines (ASL) is analyzed in this study. One year of data (2005) is verified by counting ASL cases according to their classification (propagated and non-propagated) to understand more clearly how the variation of these variables over this year influences their environment of formation. The results show an increase in humidity on days with ASL, with the highest occurrence during the wettest months. Furthermore, system propagation toward the interior of continent seems to be strongly related to the moisture content that reaches the coast, through the winds that blow from the ocean from both by the Northeast Trade Winds, of the North Atlantic Subtropical High, and by the Southeast Trade Winds, of the South Atlantic Subtropical High. Higher moisture content from the sea corresponds to a higher wind intensity toward the coast. A relationship between continent/ocean temperature gradient and the ASL amount and types formed is also demonstrated. Such information is extremely relevant because of the great importance of these systems in the extreme north and northeast regions of Brazil, particularly at the Amazon, given the difficulty of predicting them due to their complexity.

A carreira esportiva de mulheres paralímpicas: o caso da seleção brasileira de voleibol sentado / The sports career of paralympic women: the case of the brazilian sitting volleyball team / La carrera deportiva de las mujeres paralímpicas: el caso de la selección brasileña de voleibol sentado

Este trabalho buscou investigar a carreira esportiva de mulheres atletas de voleibol sentado que participaram dos Jogos Paralímpicos Rio 2016, com o objetivo de reconhecer o percurso esportivo das atletas. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, de caráter exploratório e retrospectivo. A amostra foi composta por quatro atletas, foi utilizado questionário, entrevista semiestruturada, apoiados pelo uso de timeline. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da Análise Qualitativa do Conteúdo. Observamos que o esporte enquanto carreira aparece após a lesão física, como parte do processo de reabilitação. No entanto, há dupla carreira profissional para essas atletas devido à instabilidade da carreira esportiva, sendo o ápice quando há convocação para a seleção brasileira. Não foi identificado um preparo para o encerramento da carreira esportiva. A carreira esportiva é uma forma de reabilitação e inserção social, ao mesmo tempo em que não se configura como trabalho de dedicação integral das atletas, que têm outros empregos.(AU)

This study aimed to investigate the sports career of sitting volleyball athletes who participated in the Brazilian sitting volleyball team at the Paralympics Games in Rio 2016. It is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and retrospective research. The sample consisted of four athletes and a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used, supported by the timeline. The analysis of the data was made from the Qualitative Content Analysis. We observed that sport as a career appears after physical injury, as part of the rehabilitation process, but sport is not the only source of income due to the instability of the sports career. The apex is the call for the Brazilian team and there is no preparation to the end of sport career. The sports career is a form of rehabilitation and social insertion, at the same time that it is not a full-time job for athletes, who have other jobs.(AU)

El propósito de este trabajo fue investigar la carrera deportiva de mujeres atletas de voleibol sentado que participaron en los Juegos Paralímpicos Rio 2016, con el objetivo de reconocer el recorrido deportivo de las atletas. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, de carácter exploratorio y retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por cuatro atletas y se utilizó un cuestionario, entrevista semiestructurada, con el apoyo del uso de timeline. El análisis de datos se realizó a partir del Análisis de Cualitativo de Contenido. Observamos que el deporte como carrera aparece después de la lesión física, como parte del proceso de rehabilitación. Sin embargo, estas atletas suelen tener doble carrera, debido a la inestabilidad de la carrera deportiva, cuyo ápice es el llamado para integrar la selección brasileña. No se ha identificado que haya una preparación para el término de la carrera deportiva. La carrera deportiva es una forma de rehabilitación e inserción social, pero no es un trabajo a tiempo completo para las atletas, que tienen otros empleos.(AU)

Introduction of nickel titanium rotary instruments to undergraduate students: afour-yearclinical experience / Introdução de instrumentos rotários de níquel titânio para alunos de graduação: quatro anos de experiência clínica

Many studies address the quality of root canal treatments, but few refer to endodontics usingrotatory techniques performed by noviceoperators. This study evaluatedthe performance of undergraduates in their first contact with rotary root canal instrumentation concerningthe findings of the final periapical radiograph, and thepostendodontic treatment pain.A longitudinal observational studywas performed on periapical radiographs of 491teethfrom 450 patientssubmitted toroot canal treatmentby undergraduate students from 2015 to 2018. The analysis of the length of root canal filling followed the criteria: (i) acceptable, ifperiapical radiograph presentsroot filling ending 0 -1 mm short of radiographic apex; (ii) over, if periapical radiograph presentsroot filling ending beyond the radiographic apex; and (iii) under, ifperiapical radiograph presentsroot filling ending > 1 mm short of radiographic apex. Evaluation of postendodontic treatment painwas categorized into either absence or presenceof pain. Adequate length root canal filling was observed in 65.9% of the cases (324 teeth). Periapical lesions presenceand dimensions did not interfere to the obturation quality.Statistical relation was found between the pulp condition and postendodontic treatment pain. Thepresence of pain was observed in 4.7% of the vital teeth and 0.3% of non-vital teeth. The presence of periapical lesion did not influence postoperative pain.AdequatelengthrootcanalfillingwasobservedinmostcasesandNitTi rotary instrumentation hadapplicability in undergraduate programs, even with novice operators. Besides that, pulp condition had an effect on post endodontic pain (AU).

Muitos estudos abordam a qualidade dos tratamentos de canal radicular, mas poucos se referem à endodontia por meio de técnicas rotatórias realizada por operadores novatos. Este estudo avaliou o desempenho de graduandos no primeiro contato com a instrumentação endodôntica em relação aos achados da radiografia periapical final e à dor pós-tratamento endodôntico. Um estudo observacional longitudinal foi realizado em radiografias periapicais de 491 dentes de 450pacientes submetidos a tratamento endodôntico por estudantes de graduação no período de 2015 a 2018. A análise do comprimento da obturação de canais radiculares obedeceu aos critérios: (i) aceitável, se a radiografia periapical apresentasse término de obturação 0 -1 mm aquém do ápice radiográfico; (ii) acima, se a radiografia periapical apresentasse obturação que termina além do ápice radiográfico; e (iii) abaixo, se a radiografia periapicalapresentasse obturação, terminando > 1 mm aquém do ápice radiográfico. A avaliação da dor pós-operatória foi categorizada em ausência ou presença de dor. A obturação de canais radiculares de comprimento adequado foi observada em 65,9% dos casos (324 dentes). A presença e as dimensões das lesões periapicais não interferiram na qualidade da obturação. Foi encontrada relação estatística entre a condição pulpar e a dor pós-tratamento endodôntico. Presença de dor foi observada em 4,7% dos dentes vitais e 0,3% dos não vitais. A presença de lesão periapical não influenciou na dor pós-operatória. O comprimento de trabalho adequado foi observado na maioria dos casos e a instrumentação rotatória NitTi teve aplicabilidade em programas de graduação, mesmo com operadores iniciantes. Além disso, a condição pulpar afetou a dor pós-operatória (AU).

Left Ventricular Remodeling Shortly after Open Mitral Valve Replacement for Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis.

INTRODUCTION: Left ventricular dysfunction after surgical treatment of mitral stenosis is uncommon. We intend to determine the pattern of left ventricular remodeling, shortly after open mitral valve replacement for rheumatic mitral stenosis, with in-hospital postoperative outcomes and the determinants of postoperative worsening of left ventricular ejection fraction. METHODS: From January 2008 to January 2015, 107 adult patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis were submitted to open mitral valve replacement. Their mean age was 45±11 years and 93 (86.9%) were women. Left ventricular morphology and function were studied longitudinally with echocardiography. The end point was postoperative worsening of left ventricular ejection fraction, defined by a decrease of 10% compared to preoperative basal assessment. Determinants of worsening left ventricular ejection fraction were determined by multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The end point occurred in 18 patients (16.8%). We tested clinical and echocardiographic parameters to verify independent variables related to the decrease in postoperative ejection fraction. Lower body weight (P=0.005; odds ratio [OR]=0.89) and smaller preoperative mitral valve area (P=0.02; OR=0.02) were independent predictors of left ventricular dysfunction. These patients presented higher mortality and morbidity rates. CONCLUSION: Left ventricular remodeling patterns differed among patients with predominant rheumatic mitral stenosis undergoing open mitral valve replacement. Lower preoperative body weight and mitral valve area were independent determinants of deteriorating ejection fraction with increased end-systolic volumes, indicating that this specific problem may occur in anthropometric smaller patients with more extensive rheumatic disease.

Left Ventricular Remodeling Shortly after Open Mitral Valve Replacement for Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis

Abstract Introduction: Left ventricular dysfunction after surgical treatment of mitral stenosis is uncommon. We intend to determine the pattern of left ventricular remodeling, shortly after open mitral valve replacement for rheumatic mitral stenosis, with in-hospital postoperative outcomes and the determinants of postoperative worsening of left ventricular ejection fraction. Methods: From January 2008 to January 2015, 107 adult patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis were submitted to open mitral valve replacement. Their mean age was 45±11 years and 93 (86.9%) were women. Left ventricular morphology and function were studied longitudinally with echocardiography. The end point was postoperative worsening of left ventricular ejection fraction, defined by a decrease of 10% compared to preoperative basal assessment. Determinants of worsening left ventricular ejection fraction were determined by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The end point occurred in 18 patients (16.8%). We tested clinical and echocardiographic parameters to verify independent variables related to the decrease in postoperative ejection fraction. Lower body weight (P=0.005; odds ratio [OR]=0.89) and smaller preoperative mitral valve area (P=0.02; OR=0.02) were independent predictors of left ventricular dysfunction. These patients presented higher mortality and morbidity rates. Conclusion: Left ventricular remodeling patterns differed among patients with predominant rheumatic mitral stenosis undergoing open mitral valve replacement. Lower preoperative body weight and mitral valve area were independent determinants of deteriorating ejection fraction with increased end-systolic volumes, indicating that this specific problem may occur in anthropometric smaller patients with more extensive rheumatic disease.

Collison, Connection, and Conflict? Writing (Righting) Community Amid COVID-19.

Authors featured in this department share anthropological perspectives and qualitative insights to redefine community in adolescent and adult literacy practice.

Depressive Symptoms and Emotional Distress of Transnational Mothers: A Scoping Review.

Background: Female led migration is a recent trend that has been gaining momentum, particularly in Latin America. However, little attention has been given to the psychological consequences of mothers who leave their children in their country of origin and migrate to a host country to work. Therefore, it is important to investigate the mental health status of transnational mothers and to further identify issues for intervention and supportive services. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, CENTRAL, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched systematically for peer-reviewed articles published from inception through July 2019. The search included the following terms: migrant, immigrant, transnational, transnational mother, AND mood disorders, depressive symptoms, and depression. Initially, 8,375 studies were identified. After exclusionary criteria were applied, 17 studies were identified and included in the review. Results: We found six quantitative studies that investigated depressive symptoms among transnational mothers. Of these studies, three found a positive association between transnational motherhood and depressive symptoms; three of these articles found a null correlation. A total of eight qualitative studies and three mixed-methods studies were found that addressed depressive symptoms and emotional distress among transnational mothers. The eight qualitative studies identified highlighted the significant emotional distress transnational mothers experience. Lastly, the three mixed-methods studies similarly discussed the emotional hardships faced by transnational mothers. Implications: The studies identified suggest that depressive symptoms and emotional distress are prevalent among transnational mothers. Therefore, public health social workers and other mental health providers need to focus on developing strategies to identify and screen transnational mothers for depressive symptoms.

Panorama da obesidade em crianças brasileiras cadastradas no SISVAN: análise de uma década / Panorama of obesity in Brazilian children registered with SISVAN: Analysis of a decade

Objetivo: verificar a evolução da obesidade em crianças de zero a dez anos cadastradas no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional no período de 2008 a 2018 em diferentes regiões do Brasil e em sua totalidade. Métodos: estudo de abordagem quantitativa do tipo ecológico, desenvolvido com dados secundários de domínio público e de livre acesso no meio eletrônico. Foram coletados percentuais e calculada média e intervalo de confiança do indicador Índice de Massa Corporal/idade em crianças de zero a dez anos, de ambos os sexos no período de 2008 a 2018 para os estratos regionais (regiões Centro-Oeste, Nordeste, Norte, Sudeste e Sul) e nacional (Brasil). Resultados: a obesidade apresentou valores maiores nas regiões Nordeste e Sul para a faixa etária de zero a cinco anos incompletos e de cinco a dez anos incompletos, respectivamente. Na sua totalidade, a Região Nordeste volta a ser destaque com maiores percentuais de obesidade e diferindo-se estatisticamente (p>0,0001) da Região Norte com valores menores. Conclusão: a análise do panorama apontou para o aumento da obesidade nas diferentes regiões do Brasil em crianças, fato que deve ser considerado importante na esfera pública para a formulação de políticas eficientes para essa população.

Aims: to verify the evolution of obesity in children from 0 to 10 years old registered in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System from 2008 to 2018 in different regions of Brazil and in its entirety. Methods: quantitative ecological study, developed with secondary data of public domain and open access in the electronic medium. Percentages and mean and Confidence Interval of the BMI / age indicator were collected in children from zero to 10 years, of both sexes from 2008 to 2018 for the regional strata (Midwest, Northeast, north, southeast and south) and national (Brazil). Results: obesity showed higher values in the northeast and south for the age group from zero to five incomplete years and from five to ten incomplete years, respectively. In its entirety, the northeast region is again highlighted with higher percentages of obesity and statistically differing (p> 0.0001) from the northern region with lower values. Conclusion: that the panorama analysis pointed to the increase of obesity in different regions of Brazil in children, a fact that should be considered important in the public sphere for the formulation of efficient policies for this population.

Contribuições da psicanálise à atuação na clínica cardiológica / Contributions of psychoanalysis to performance at the cardiology clinic

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo refletir sobre as contribuições psicanalíticas à atuação do psicólogo/psicanalista na clínica cardiológica a partir de uma breve articulação e discussão teóricas. Lançou-se mão de compreensões tais quais a inserção do analista no hospital, o corpo adoecido para a psicanálise e os principais aspectos subjetivos presentes na clínica cardiológica. Concluiu-se que o cerne das contribuições psicanalíticas à problemática é o oferecimento de possibilidade de acesso ao simbólico, diante de conteúdos difíceis de ser elaborados, que emergem a partir do processo de adoecimento.

This essay aims to reflect on the psychoanalytic contributions to the role of the psychologist/psychoanalyst in the cardiology clinic from a brief articulation and theoretical discussion. Understandings such as the insertion of the analyst in the hospital, the sick body for psychoanalysis and the main subjective aspects present in the cardiology clinic were used. It was concluded that the core of psychoanalytic contributions to the problem is the possibility of providing access to the symbolic, in view of content that is difficult to elaborate, which emerge from the illness process.

Question-response-evaluation sequences in the home interactions of a bilingual child with autism spectrum disorder.

BACKGROUND: Prior research has described the prevalence and utility of questions in children's language learning environment. However, there has been little empirical investigation of the interaction sequences that ensue following caregiver questions. Understanding these interactions may be especially important for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who may have difficulty engaging in reciprocal interactions. Question-response-evaluation sequences (QRE) are a particular type of interaction sequence launched by questions that have been examined primarily in classroom contexts. Less research has been devoted to understanding how caregivers and children with ASD leverage this interactional format in the context of home interactions. AIMS: We focus on QRE sequences within interactions between a 5-year-old bilingual child with ASD and his parents. In these sequences, the adult poses known-answer questions, the child responds and the adult evaluates the response. QRE sequences are primarily structured by the questioner (i.e., the parents in our context), and we examine the interactive work done by parents to initiate, maintain and close these sequences. We also examine the child's contributions to these sequences. METHODS & PROCEDURES: We applied conversation analysis (CA) to video recordings of home routines, such as play, book-reading and schoolwork. Videos were fully transcribed using CA conventions, and 55 QRE segments were isolated from the data corpus for further analysis. OUTCOMES & RESULTS: Q-word questions (i.e., where, what, why, when, how questions) were the most prevalent question format, and repetition of the child's response was the most prevalent form of evaluation. We found that QRE sequences were embedded within a variety of action trajectories that extend beyond pedagogical functions. These included repairing a prior utterance, extending collaborative play routines and engaging in topically connected labelling rituals. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: QRE sequences appeared to strike a balance in terms of the level of constraint they placed on the child's contributions to interactions, and the affordances they provide for participating in and progressing through interactions. This study can help clinicians understand the types of interactions that can be pursued with QRE sequences in their work with children with ASD. The findings may also aid intervention researchers' efforts to leverage caregivers' existing strengths for adapting their interactional overtures to maximize children's engagement. Finally, this study provides an illustration of caregiver-child interactions in a population that is currently under-represented in the literature.

Contexto de Trabalho e Transtornos Mentais Comuns em Trabalhadores do Judiciário Federal no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Occupational Context and Common Mental Disorders in Workers from the Federal Judiciary in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Contexto de Trabajo y Trastornos Mentales Comunes en Trabajadores del Poder Judicial Federal en Rio Grande del Sur, Brasil

Os servidores do Judiciário têm sido expostos a modelos de gestão que colocam sua saúde mental em vulnerabilidade. Analisou-se a associação entre contexto de trabalho no Judiciário Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC). Participaram 2.063 servidores, que responderam: questionário sociodemográfico e laboral, Escala de Avaliação do Contexto de Trabalho (EACT) e Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Realizaram-se análises bivariadas e regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de TMC foi de 27,2%. Constatou-se forte associação positiva entre contexto de trabalho e TMC. Servidores expostos à Organização do Trabalho (OT) e Relações Socioprofissionais (RS) graves apresentaram prevalências de TMC 3,95 vezes maior, comparados aos com OT e RS satisfatórias. Ao analisar a relação independente entre dimensões do contexto de trabalho e TMC, as associações permaneceram fortes, com prevalências até 2,5 vezes maiores, indicando que o contexto laboral do Judiciário, quando em situações críticas e/ou graves, é potencializador de sofrimento psíquico.

Civil servants from the Judiciary have been exposed to management models that bring risks to their mental health. Associations between the occupational context of workers from the Federal Judiciary of Rio Grande do Sul and Common Mental Disorders (CMD) were analyzed. Participants included 2,063 workers who responded to: sociodemographic and labor questionnaire, Work Context Assessment Scale, and Self-Reporting Questionnaire. We ran bivariate analyses and multivariate Poisson Regression. General prevalence of CMD was 27.2%. There was strong, positive association between work context and CMD. Workers exposed to severe work organization (WO) and severe socio-professional relations (SR) presented 3.95-fold higher prevalence of CMD, compared to those with satisfactory WO and SR. Regarding the independent relationship between work context dimensions and CMD, associations remained strong, with prevalence up to 2.5 times higher, suggesting that the Judiciary's work context, in critical or severe situations, can generate psychological suffering.

Los servidores del Poder Judicial vienen siendo expuestos a modelos de gestión que ponen su salud mental en riesgo. Se analizó la asociación entre contexto de trabajo en el Judiciario Federal de Rio Grande del Sur y Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC). Participaron 2.063 servidores que respondieron: cuestionario sociodemográfico y laboral, Escala de Evaluación del Contexto de Trabajo y Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y regresión (Poisson). La prevalencia general de TMC fue 27,2%. Se constató fuerte asociación positiva entre contexto de trabajo y TMC. Trabajadores expuestos a Organización del Trabajo (OT) y Relaciones Socioprofesionales graves (RS) presentaron prevalencias de TMC 3,95 veces mayor, comparativamente a los con OT y RS satisfactorios. Analizando la relación independiente entre dimensiones del contexto de trabajo y TMC, las asociaciones permanecieron fuertes (prevalencias hasta 2,5 veces mayores), indicando que el contexto laboral del Poder Judicial, cuando en situaciones críticas/graves, es potencializador de sufrimiento psíquico.

Diacerein decreases visceral pain through inhibition of glutamatergic neurotransmission and cytokine signaling in mice.

The present study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibitor diacerein in mice and its possible mechanism of action. The antinociception produced by diacerein was tested at different sites of action, moreover selective antagonists or agonists were used to identify the mechanism that may be involved in its antinociceptive action against acetic acid-induced visceral pain. Diacerein administered systemically (intraperitoneal [i.p.] or intra-gastric [i.g.] routes), supra-spinally (i.c.v.), spinally (i.t.) or peripherally (in association with the irritant agent) inhibited the visceral nociception induced by acetic acid in mice. Interestingly, diacerein treatment (25 mg/kg, i.p. or 50 mg/kg, i.g.) produced long-lasting (for up to 4 h) inhibition of acetic acid-induced nociception. Intraperitoneal treatment of mice with diacerein (25.0 mg/kg) inhibited somatic nociception induced by i.t. injection of glutamate, NMDA, kainate, and trans-ACPD but not that caused by AMPA. Diacerein (5.0-25.0 mg/kg) also produced dose related inhibition of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) induced nociception. These results indicate that diacerein produces antinociception by inhibiting glutamatergic transmission through both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors as well as activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

O perfil dos usuários cadastrados na Associação Paranaense de Ostomizados - AOP / Members's profile registered in Ostomate Association of Paraná - OAP

Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo realizado no período de setembro de 2005 a janeiro de 2006. O objetivo foi caracterizar os portadores de ostomias, cadastrados na Associação Paranaense dos Ostomizados (APO). Foram analisados 1538 prontuários da APO e destes foram selecionados 477 com dados completos. Em relação ao sexo, 53,7% dos ostomizados eram do sexo masculino e 46,3% do feminino. Quanto ao motivo da intervenção cirúrgica, na faixa etária de 0 a 45 anos, o estudo aponta para as causas externas como uma implicação para a realização das ostomias, representando 20% do total de intervenções realizadas. Entretanto na faixa etária acima de 45 anos, 51,4% desta população eram do sexo feminino, sendo que, as neoplasias intestinais foram responsáveis pela concretização de aproximadamente 51% das ostomias. As colostomias representam 65,4% dos procedimentos realizados. Recomenda-se a continuação do estudo com intuito de contribuir na identificação das necessidades educativas da clientela.