Breve reflexão sobre a aferição de temperatura em ambientes públicos para controle da COVID-19 / Notes on temperature measurement in public environments for COVID-19 control / Breve reflexión sobre medición de temperatura en ambientes públicos para el control de COVID-19

A Covid-19 é uma doença causada pelo betacoronavírus SARS-CoV-2. O vírus é transmitido pelo contato interpessoal próximo, por meio de gotículas respiratórias. Dentre as medidas de prevenção contra contágio e disseminação da doença, é recomendado a higienização das mãos com água e sabão e/ou álcool em gel e o afastamento social, uso de máscaras de pano e a aferição da temperatura utilizando termômetro digital infravermelho para o controle de acesso nos ambientes públicos, a fim de impedir possíveis portadores sintomáticos do vírus. Temos por objetivo, refletir sobre a eficácia da aferição da temperatura em ambientes públicos utilizando termômetro digital com sensor de infravermelho. Baseado nos conhecimentos da fisiologia da temperatura corporal e processos febris, apresentados na literatura especializada, e na experiência da identificação de portadores utilizando o procedimento de aferição de temperatura descrito, é evidente a necessidade de uma elaboração de políticas públicas de combate à pandemia mais abrangente, que enfatize a necessidade do conjunto das medidas sanitárias. Aliado a isso, é necessário um programa de testagem contínuo e em massa, permitindo o mapeamento e a busca por auxílio e orientação médica especializada, bem como um programa de educação e conscientização da população para a necessidade de quarentena e isolamento social em casos suspeitos que apresentem sintomas de pirexia.

Covid-19 is a disease caused by the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which is transmitted through close interpersonal contact through respiratory droplets. Among the preventive measures against contagion and dissemination, the guidelines recommend hand hygiene with water and soap or hand sanitizer, social withdrawal, use of cloth masks and temperature measurement using digital infrared thermometer for access control in public environments to prevent possible symptomatic carriers. This study sought to reflect on the effectiveness of measuring temperature in public environments using a digital infrared thermometer. Based on specialized literature on body temperature physiology and febrile response, as well as on the practice of carrier identification by temperature measurement, the research point to the need of elaborating more comprehensive public policies to combat the pandemic, emphasizing a combination of health measures. Moreover, a continuous and mass testing program is needed, allowing the mapping and search for specialized medical help, as well as an education and awareness program on the need for quarantine and social isolation is symptomatic carriers.

Covid-19 es la enfermedad causada por el betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2. El virus se transmite por contacto interpersonal cercano, a través de gotitas respiratorias. Entre las medidas preventivas contra el contagio y propagación de la enfermedad, se recomiendan la higiene de manos con agua y jabón y / o gel de alcohol y el retraimiento social, el uso de mascarillas de tela y la medición de la temperatura mediante un termómetro digital infrarrojo para su control. para prevenir posibles portadores sintomáticos del virus. Nuestro objetivo es reflexionar sobre la efectividad de medir la temperatura en entornos públicos utilizando un termómetro digital con sensor de infrarrojos. Con base en el conocimiento de la fisiología de la temperatura corporal y los procesos febriles, presentado en la literatura especializada, y en la experiencia de identificación de portadores mediante el procedimiento de medición de temperatura descrito, se evidencia la necesidad de la elaboración de una política pública más integral para combatir la pandemia., que enfatiza la necesidad de todas las medidas sanitarias. A ello se suma un programa de pruebas continuas y masivas, que permitan el mapeo y búsqueda de asistencia y orientación médica especializada, así como un programa de educación y sensibilización de la población sobre la necesidad de cuarentena y aislamiento social en casos sospechosos, que presentan síntomas del pirexia.

Diagnostic performance of mycologic and serologic methods in a cohort of patients with suspected sporotrichosis / Resultados diagnósticos de los métodos micológicos y serológicos en una cohorte de pacientes con sospecha de esporotricosis

Background: The gold standard for the sporotrichosis diagnosis is culture; however, serologic approaches have been recently implemented to aid in the sporotrichosis diagnosis. Nevertheless, the clinical consequences of the introduction of serologic tests are poorly addressed. Aims: To correlate the results of culture and serology of patients with suspected sporotrichosis. Methods: A retrospective study of 198 patients with suspected sporotrichosis was conducted. Information about culture isolation of Sporothrix from clinical samples and antibody detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were obtained from the medical records of the patients. Results: Positive culture and antibody detection was observed in the samples of 84 patients (42.4%). Forty-one samples (20.7%) showed negative results with both techniques and divergent results were obtained in the samples of 73 patients (36.9%). False negative results in the ELISA were observed with 23 patients (31.5%), 78.3% of them with less than 30 days of infection (p = 0.0045). Among the initial false positive ELISA in the sera of 50 patients, four samples in culture yielded the growth of Sporothrix, and 27 improved with itraconazole. At the end of follow-up, a diagnosis of proven or probable sporotrichosis was established in 139 patients, and possible sporotrichosis in 11 patients. The treatment of the patients with probable sporotrichosis with antifungal drugs resulted in clinical cure for these individuals. Conclusions: These two techniques are complementary in the diagnosis of sporotrichosis, making diagnosis and clinical decision more precise

Antecedentes: El método de referencia en el diagnóstico de la esporotricosis es el cultivo, aunque las técnicas serológicas pueden complementar el diagnóstico. Sin embargo, la interpretación de las pruebas serológicas en la práctica clínica y en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad necesitan un abordaje más eficiente. Objetivos: Correlacionar los resultados del cultivo y la serología en pacientes con posibles síntomas de esporotricosis. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 198 pacientes con posibles síntomas de esporotricosis. Para establecer el diagnóstico se tuvieron en cuenta el aislamiento de Sporothrix a partir de las muestras clínicas y la detección de anticuerpos anti-Sporothrix realizados por un análisis de inmunoabsorción enzimática (ELISA), datos todos ellos registrados en las respectivas historias clínicas. Resultados: Los cultivos y la detección de anticuerpos fueron positivos en 84 pacientes (42,4%). Las muestras de 41 pacientes (20,7%) resultaron negativas con ambas técnicas y en 73 pacientes (36,9%) los resultados fueron divergentes. Se obtuvieron resultados falsos negativos en el ELISA en 23 pacientes (31,5%), el 78,3% de ellos con menos de 30días de infección (p = 0,0045). De los 50 pacientes con un resultado falso positivo en el ELISA, en 4 de ellos se obtuvo cultivo positivo de Sporothrix y 27 mejoraron con itraconazol. Al finalizar el estudio se estableció un diagnóstico de esporotricosis, que fue probada o probable en 139 pacientes y posible en 11 pacientes. El tratamiento de pacientes con esporotricosis probable con fármacos antifúngicos produjo la cura clínica de estos individuos. Conclusiones: Estos dos métodos son complementarios en el diagnóstico de la esporotricosis y ayudan a la toma de las decisiones clínicas más acertadas

Diagnostic performance of mycologic and serologic methods in a cohort of patients with suspected sporotrichosis.

BACKGROUND: The gold standard for the sporotrichosis diagnosis is culture; however, serologic approaches have been recently implemented to aid in the sporotrichosis diagnosis. Nevertheless, the clinical consequences of the introduction of serologic tests are poorly addressed. AIMS: To correlate the results of culture and serology of patients with suspected sporotrichosis. METHODS: A retrospective study of 198 patients with suspected sporotrichosis was conducted. Information about culture isolation of Sporothrix from clinical samples and antibody detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were obtained from the medical records of the patients. RESULTS: Positive culture and antibody detection was observed in the samples of 84 patients (42.4%). Forty-one samples (20.7%) showed negative results with both techniques and divergent results were obtained in the samples of 73 patients (36.9%). False negative results in the ELISA were observed with 23 patients (31.5%), 78.3% of them with less than 30 days of infection (p=0.0045). Among the initial false positive ELISA in the sera of 50 patients, four samples in culture yielded the growth of Sporothrix, and 27 improved with itraconazole. At the end of follow-up, a diagnosis of proven or probable sporotrichosis was established in 139 patients, and possible sporotrichosis in 11 patients. The treatment of the patients with probable sporotrichosis with antifungal drugs resulted in clinical cure for these individuals. CONCLUSIONS: These two techniques are complementary in the diagnosis of sporotrichosis, making diagnosis and clinical decision more precise.