Comparison Between Different Delivery Vehicles for the Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 on Experimental Periodontitis in Rats.

This study aimed to assess the effects of the probiotic (PROB) Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 in two different delivery vehicles in experimental periodontitis (EP), including the gene expression for IL-10, IFN-γ, and FOXP3. In total, 32 rats were assigned into groups (n=8): C (control), EP, EP-PROB/Water, and EP-PROB/Milk. The probiotic was administered for 4 weeks, from baseline to euthanasia. Periodontitis was induced by ligatures 14 days after baseline. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Both probiotic groups presented decreased alveolar bone loss and increased interproximal attachment level than group EP. Also, these parameters were significantly improved in the Milk group when compared with the Water group. EP-PROB/Milk showed higher gene expression for IL-10 and lower for FOXP3 in relation to EP-PROB/Water and EP groups. The use of milk was able to potentiate the protective effects of B. lactis HN019 in rats under EP.

The impact of predatory bacteria on experimental periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of topical administration of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were divided into groups C (control), EP, C-HD100, and EP-HD100. At day 0, animals of groups EP and EP-HD100 received cotton ligatures around mandibular first molars (MFM). In groups C-HD100 and EP-HD100, 1 mL of suspensions containing B. bacteriovorus HD100 was topically administered in the subgingival region of MFMs at days 0, 3, and 7. Animals were euthanized at day 14. Gingival tissue, hemimandibles, and oral biofilm were collected. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Group EP-HD100 presented greater bone volume and lower connective tissue attachment loss (CTAL) than group EP (P < 0.05). Group EP-HD100 presented greater proportions of Actinomyces and Streptococcus-like species and lower proportions of Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium polymorphum, Eikenella corrodens, Eubacterium nodatum, Campylobacter gracilis, Capnocytophaga sputigena, and Veillonella parvula-like species than group EP. Group EP-HD100 presented greater levels of osteoprotegerin and gene expression of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-10, and forkhead box P3 than group EP (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Topical use of B. bacteriovorus HD100 promotes a protective effect against alveolar bone loss and CTAL in rats with EP.

Effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. A histomorphometric, microtomographic and immunohistochemical study in rats.

Lactobacillus probiotics have been investigated in periodontitis. However, the effects of the genus Bifidobacterium on periodontitis are hardly known. This study evaluated the effects of the probiotic (PROB) Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in rats with experimental periodontitis (EP). At baseline, 32 rats were assigned to 4 groups: C (control), PROB, EP-SRP and EP-SRP-PROB. In groups EP-SRP and EP-SRP-PROB, the mandibular first molars of the animals received a ligature. At day 14, the ligatures were removed and SRP was performed. Animals of groups PROB and EP-SRP-PROB were orally administered with 10 mL/day of 109 colony forming units of B. lactis HN019 for 15 days, starting at day 14. Animals were euthanized at day 29. Histomorphometric, microtomographic and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Microbiological effects of B. lactis on biofilm were also evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA, Tukey; Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's; Two-tailed t-test; p<0.05). Group EP-SRP-PROB presented reduced alveolar bone resorption and attachment loss when compared with Group EP-SRP (p<0.05). Group EP-SRP-PROB showed significantly fewer osteoclasts, increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines compared with Group EP-SRP (p<0.05). B. lactis promoted a higher ratio between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in biofilm samples (p<0.05). B. lactis HN019 may have a role in the treatment of EP in rats, as an adjunct to SRP.

Benefits of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Probiotic in Experimental Periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates effects of topical administration of probiotic bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were divided into groups C (control; without EP), EP (EP only), C-HN019 (control+probiotic), and EP-HN019 (EP+probiotic). On day 0 of the experiment, animals of groups EP and EP-HN019 received cotton ligatures around mandibular first molars (MFMs). In groups C-HN019 and EP-HN019, 1 mL of suspensions containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 was topically administered in the subgingival region of MFMs on days 0, 3, and 7. In groups C and EP, topical administrations were performed using a sham suspension (without probiotic). All animals were euthanized at day 14. Gingival tissue, hemimandibles, and oral biofilm were collected. Data were statistically analyzed (P <0.05). RESULTS: Group EP presented greater bone porosity, trabecular separation, and connective tissue attachment loss (CTAL) as well as reduced bone volume than all other groups (P <0.05). In group EP-HN019, there were greater proportions of Actinomyces and Streptococcus-like species and lower proportions of Veillonella parvula, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Eikenella corrodens, and Prevotella intermedia-like species than group EP. Group EP-HN019 presented greater expressions of osteoprotegerin and ß-defensins than group EP (P <0.05). Group EP presented greater levels of interleukin-1ß and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand than group EP-HN019 (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Topical use of B. lactis HN019 promotes a protective effect against alveolar bone loss and CTALs attributable to EP in rats, modifying immunoinflammatory and microbiologic parameters.

Favourable effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on experimental periodontitis in rats.

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to evaluate, in rats: i) the effects of Bacillus species on the development of experimental periodontitis (EP) via microtomographic, immunological and hematological assays (Experiment 1-E1); ii) the effects of Bacillus species as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of EP via histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses (Experiment 2-E2). METHODS: In E1, 24 rats were divided into groups C1 (control), PROB1, EP1 and EP-PROB1. In groups with EP, the mandibular first molar of each animal received a ligature for 14 days. In groups PROB1, animals received Bacillus species for 44 days, starting 30 days before EP induction in Group EP-PROB1. In E2, 24 rats were assigned to groups C2 (control), PROB2, EP-SRP2 and EP-SRP-PROB2. In groups with SRP, EP was induced as described in E1. The ligatures were removed after 14 days and SRP was performed. In groups PROB2, animals received Bacillus species for 15 days, starting after SRP in Group EP-SRP-PROB2. RESULTS: In E1, Group EP1 presented bone loss (BL) and eosinophil numbers greater than Group EP-PROB1 (P<0.05). In Group EP-PROB1, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio was similar to that of groups without EP. In E2, Group EP-SRP-PROB2 presented fewer TRAP-positive osteoclasts, lower immunolabeling pattern for a proinflammatory cytokine and decreased BL and attachment loss than Group EP-SRP2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bacillus species supplementation provided a protective effect against BL and enhanced the effects of SRP in the treatment of EP in rats.

Probiotic therapy reduces periodontal tissue destruction and improves the intestinal morphology in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: With increase in the incidence of resistance to antibiotics, probiotics are emerging as a promising adjunctive periodontal therapy. The authors of this study evaluate the influence of probiotic (PROB) supplementation on ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) and intestinal morphology in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), LIP, PROB, and LIP/PROB. In groups PROB and LIP/PROB, the PROB was administered orally by addition to the drinking water of the animals for 44 days. In groups LIP and LIP/PROB, the mandibular right first molar of the animals received a cotton ligature that was left in the same position for 14 days. All animals were euthanized 44 days after the start of the PROB supplementation. The jaws were resected and histomorphometric analyses were performed. The measurements included evaluation of attachment loss (AL) and alveolar bone level (ABL) on the distal root of the mandibular first molar. Samples of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were also dissected from each animal to evaluate the villous height (VH) and crypt depth (CD). The data obtained were subjected to statistical analyses (analysis of variance, Tukey; P <0.05). RESULTS: Mean values of AL and ABL were significantly higher in group LIP compared with group LIP/PROB (AL: 3.05 ± 0.57 mm and 1.78 ± 0.63 mm, respectively; ABL: 4.21 ± 0.42 mm and 3.38 ± 0.17 mm, respectively). In group LIP/PROB, the mean values of VH and CD of the jejunum were significantly higher than the ones from group LIP (VH: 672.1 ± 83.3 µm and 528.0 ± 51.7 µm, respectively; CD: 463.8 ± 100.9 µm and 269.0 ± 48.4 µm, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that PROB supplementation 1) reduces AL and alveolar bone loss in rats with LIP and 2) can protect the small intestine from reactive changes induced by LIP.