[Seroprevalence of measles, rubella, mumps and varicella in health workers in the Community of Madrid]. / Seroprevalencia de sarampión, rubéola, paperas y varicela en los trabajadores de un área sanitaria de la Comunidad de Madrid.

BACKGROUND: The vaccination of health workers has a large repercussion on the health of the workers, the patients and the population in general. Due to this, we proposed to discover the serological status for varicella, rubella, mumps and measles in the workers of a tertiary hospital in Madrid. METHODS: We have conducted a retrospective epidemiological study of 1060 health workers, obtaining information such as age, sex, service area, employment status, pre-exposure vaccination and post-vaccination serology and vaccination status. RESULTS: In the population studied, 90.1% were protected against varicella, 65.6% against mumps, 95.6% against rubella and 92.9% against measles. There is no better protection against these illnesses for workers who treat patients directly, workers who treat immunosuppressed patients or for workers in services or units with a higher risk of infection. CONCLUSION: There is no better protection against varicella, rubella, mumps and measles for the workers who have higher risk of infection at work; and the workers who treat patients, that if they suffer these diseases, this could put their health at risk.

Seroprevalencia de sarampión, rubéola, paperas y varicela en los trabajadores de un área sanitaria de la Comunidad de Madrid / Seroprevalence of measles, rubella, mumps and varicella in health workers in the Community of Madrid

Introducción. La vacunación de los trabajadores sanitarios tiene una gran repercusión en la propia salud del trabajador, en la de los pacientes y en la de la población general. Debido a ello nos hemos planteado conocer el estado serológico para varicela, rubéola, paperas y sarampión de los trabajadores de un hospital de tercer nivel y de un área de Atención Primaria de la Comunidad de Madrid Material y Método. Se ha realizado un estudio epidemiológico retrospectivo sobre 1060 trabajadores sanitarios obteniendo información sobre edad, sexo, servicio en el que trabajan, categoría profesional, serología prevacunación y postvacunación y estado de vacunación. Resultados. En la población estudiada el 90,1% estaba protegida frente a varicela, el 65,6% frente a parotiditis, el 95,6% frente a rubéola y el 92,9% frente a sarampión. No hay mayor protección frente a estas enfermedades en los trabajadores con atención directa a pacientes, ni en los trabajadores que atienden pacientes inmunodeprimidos ni en los trabajadores de servicios y unidades con mayor riesgo de contagio. Conclusiones. No hay mayor protección frente a varicela, sarampión, rubéola y paperas en los trabajadores que tienen mayor riesgo de exposición en su puesto de trabajo ni en los trabajadores que están en contacto con pacientes, en los que el padecimiento de estas enfermedades pueda suponer un mayor riesgo para su salud (AU)

Background. The vaccination of health workers has a large repercussion on the health of the workers, the patients and the population in general. Due to this, we proposed to discover the serological status for varicella, rubella, mumps and measles in the workers of a tertiary hospital in Madrid. Methods. We have conducted a retrospective epidemiological study of 1060 health workers, obtaining information such as age, sex, service area, employment status, pre-exposure vaccination and post-vaccination serology and vaccination status. Results. In the population studied, 90.1% were protected against varicella, 65.6% against mumps, 95.6% against rubella and 92.9% against measles. There is no better protection against these illnesses for workers who treat patients directly, workers who treat immunosuppressed patients or for workers in services or units with a higher risk of infection. Conclusion. There is no better protection against varicella, rubella, mumps and measles for the workers who have higher risk of infection at work; and the workers who treat patients, that if they suffer these diseases, this could put their health at risk (AU)

[Pharmacology]. / Farmaecología.

Two of the main characteristics of western societies in the last fifty years have been the medicalization of the human life and the environmental degradation. The first one has forced human being to consider medicines use related to what would be rational, reasonable and well-reasoned. The second one brought us to a new ecologist conscience. In relation to the "human social system", the effects of medication can be considered very positive as a whole, particularly those related to the amazing increase of expectative and quality of life. But, along with those unquestionable beneficial effects, medicines have also caused some negative effects for other biotic and abiotic systems, such as microbian alterations and their undesirable consequences which have involved the massive use of antibiotics in medicine and veterinary, the uncontrolled elimination of millions of doses of all kind of drugs, additives and excipients, etc., as well as atmospheric contamination and degradation of forests and deep oceans which can have been caused by investigation and production of determinated drugs. In this context Pharmacology appears as a scientific discipline that studies the research (R), development (D), production (P), and utilization (U) of drugs and medical substances in relation to the environment. From a farmaecologic perspective the drugs utilization has its development in three main contexts, all of them closely related: prescription quality, farmaceutical care, and patient's active participation in his own disease and treatment.

Farmaecología / Pharmaecology

Dos de los rasgos más característicos de las sociedades occidentales en el último medio siglo ha sido la medicalización de la vida entera y la degradación del medio ambiente. La primera ha llevado a plantearse el uso de los medicamentos en términos de uso racional, razonable y razonado. La segunda, a una nueva conciencia ecológica. En relación al “sistema social humano” los efectos de los medicamentos se pueden considerar como muy positivos en su conjunto, especialmente en lo que se refiere al aumento espectacular de la esperanza y la calidad de vida de las personas. Pero, junto a los indudables efectos beneficiosos, los medicamentos también han provocado algunos efectos negativos para otros sistemas bióticos y abióticos, como son las alteraciones microbianas y los efectos indeseables derivados de las mismas que han supuesto el empleo masivo de antibióticos en medicina y veterinaria, la eliminación incontrolada de millones de dosis de todo tipo de fármacos, aditivos y excipientes, etc., así como la contaminación atmosférica y la degradación de bosques y fondos marinos que han podido provocar la investigación y fabricación de determinados fármacos. En este contexto nace la farmaecología como disciplina científica que estudia la investigación (I), desarrollo (D), producción (P) y empleo (E) de los medicamentos y sustancias medicinales en su relación con el medio ambiente. En cuanto al empleo de los mismos, la farmaecología tiene su desarrollo en tres contextos fundamentales, íntimamente relacionados entre sí: la calidad de prescripción, la atención farmacéutica y la activación del paciente en su enfermedad y tratamiento(AU)

Two of the main characteristics of western societies in the last fifty years have been the medicalization of the human life and the environmental degradation. The first one has forced human being to consider medicines use related to what would be rational, reasonable and well-reasoned. The second one brought us to a new ecologist conscience. In relation to the “human social system”, the effects of medication can be considered very positive as a whole, particularly those related to the amazing increase of expectative and quality of life. But, along with those unquestionable beneficial effects, medicines have also caused some negative effects for other biotic and abiotic systems, such as microbian alterations and their undesirable consequences which have involved the massive use of antibiotics in medicine and veterinary, the uncontrolled elimination of millions of doses of all kind of drugs, additives and excipients, etc., as well as atmospheric contamination and degradation of forests and deep oceans which can have been caused by investigation and production of determinated drugs. In this context pharmaecology appears as a scientific discipline that studies the research (R), development (D), production (P), and utilization (U) of drugs and medical substances in relation to the environment. From a farmaecologic perspective the drugs utilization has its development in three main contexts, all of them closely related: prescription quality, farmaceutical care, and patient’s active participation in his own disease and treatment(AU)

[Epidemiology of candidemia in Spain - Multicenter study] / Estudio multicéntrico sobre la epidemiología de las candidemias en España.

The results of the epidemiological study on candidemias with the highest number of cases carried out in Spain is presented. This study is included in the Epidemiological Survey of Candidemia in Europe supported by the ECMM in which another five countries take part. In the Spanish study, 19 hospitals participated, 290 candidemia episodes were analysed (80 in children under 15 years and 210 in adults), 293 strains of yeasts being isolated. Both in children and in adults, the risks factors more frequently observed were the intravenous catheter and previous antibiotic therapy. In adults, the most habitual underlying disease was the solid tumor and, in children, hematological diseases. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species isolated in adults (46.1%) and Candida parapsilosis in children (50%). As part of the therapy, the intravenous line was removed and antifungal treatment was prescribed to 74% and 92.5% of children, respectively and to 43.8% and 73.8% of adults. The antifungal agent of election in adults was fluconazole (54.8%) and liposomal amphotericin B (58.1%) in children. The global mortality of the study was 38.9%, which for ages was major in adults (41.4%) than in children (38.7%). The geographical distribution of the isolated species was homogeneous, C. albicans being the predominant species, with the exception of Galicia and Extremadura where C. parapsilosis was the most frequent.

Infección tórpida sobre pulmón poliquístico / Torpid infection on a polycystic lung

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