Predicting deep well pump performance with machine learning methods during hydraulic head changes.

In this study, machine learning techniques were employed to estimate and predict the system efficiency of a pumping plant at various hydraulic head levels. The measured parameters, including flow rate, outlet pressure, drawdown, and power, were used for estimating the system efficiency. Two approaches, Approach-I and Approach-II, were utilized. Approach-I incorporated additional parameters such as hydraulic head, drawdown, flow, power, and outlet pressure, while Approach-II focused solely on hydraulic head, outlet pressure, and power. Seven machine learning algorithms were employed to model and predict the efficiency of the pumping plant. The decrease in the hydraulic head by 125 cm resulted in a reduction in the pump system efficiency by 6.45 %, 8.94 %, and 13.8 % at flow rates of 40, 50, and 60 m3 h-1, respectively. Among the algorithms used in Approach-I, the artificial neural network, support vector machine regression, and lasso regression exhibited the highest performance, with R2 values of 0.995, 0.987, and 0.985, respectively. The corresponding RMSE values for these algorithms were 0.13 %, 0.23 %, and 0.22 %, while the MAE values were 0.11 %, 0.2 %, and 0.32 %, and the MAPE values were 0.22 %, 0.5 %, and 0.46.% In Approach-II, the artificial neural network model once again demonstrated the best performance with an R2 value of 0.996, followed by the support vector machine regression (R2 = 0.988) and the decision tree regression (R2 = 0.981). Overall, the artificial neural network model proved to be the most effective in both approaches. These findings highlight the potential of machine learning techniques in predicting the efficiency of pumping plant systems.

Effect of family presence on stress response after bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a major surgery that may cause severe surgical stress response (SR). Although the presence of family members in intensive care unit (ICU) is known to benefit intensive care patients socially and emotionally, its effects on surgical SR are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of an informed family member (IFM)'s presence in the awakening process in ICU on patients' SR after CABG. METHODS: A nonrandomized controlled clinical study was completed with a total of 73 patients: 37 patients in the control (CG) and 36 in the intervention group (IG) underwent CABG surgery. In the CG patients, no family members were taken into the ICU during the awakening process and routine care and treatment practices were continued. In the IG patients, besides routine care and treatment practices, an IFM was taken into the ICU during the awakening process in accordance with the research method. Groups were statistically compared in terms of serum cortisol level which is the one of the main indicators of surgical SR, state anxiety, sedative drug requirements, and duration of intubation, sedation, and ICU stay. A p value <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: Presence of an IFM in the ICU was found to be effective in decreasing serum cortisol level, state anxiety, sedative drug requirements, and the duration of intubation, sedation, and ICU stay (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In CABG, the presence of IFM in ICU is effective in reducing SR.

A novel diagnostic tool for the detection of bladder cancer: Measurement of urinary high mobility group box-1.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of urinary High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) level as a noninvasive tool that can be potentially used for diagnosis and during follow-up in patients with bladder cancer patients. METHOD: The study was conducted in a total of 121 participants including 61 patients diagnosed with primary bladder cancer, 30 patients with an acute urinary tract infection and 30 healthy controls. Age, gender and urinary HMGB1 levels of the study groups were evaluated. The association of clinical features (tumor diameter, number of foci, pathological grade, muscle invasion) with urinary HMGB1 levels was investigated in patients with bladder cancer. RESULTS: All 3 groups showed a normal age and gender distribution with no significant difference among them (P = 0.775 and P = 0.967, respectively). A significant difference was detected in urinary HMGB1 levels among the 3 groups (P < 0.001). When urinary HMGB1 levels were compared between patients with high grade vs. low grade tumors, the mean HMGB1 level was 44.39 pg/ml (12.1-505.2) in patients with low grade tumors and 280 pg/ml (18.7-2685.3) in patients with high grade tumors (P < 0.001). Patients with a greater number of tumor foci had higher HMGB1 levels in comparison to patients with a single tumor focus (P = 0.008). Urinary HMGB1 levels were higher in patients with a tumor diameter of ≥3 cm than in patients with a tumor diameter less than 3 cm (P = 0.001). Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer exhibited higher urinary HMGB1 levels compared to patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (P = 0.033). The cut-off values derived from the ROC analysis were 63.30 pg/ml for distinguishing bladder cancer from urinary tract infection, 30.94 pg/ml for urinary tract infection versus control group and 38.70 pg/ml for bladder cancer vs. control group, respectively. Sensitivity was 59% and specificity was found 77%. CONCLUSION: In future controlled studies involving larger patient groups, urinary HMGB1 levels can be used for diagnostic and screening purposes in bladder cancer patients.

Role of native thiol, total thiol and dynamic Disulphide in diagnosis of patient with prostate cancer and prostatitis

ABSTRACT Background: Our study investigates whether Native Thiol, Total Thiol and disulphide levels measured in serum of patients with prostate cancer and prostatitis and of healthy subjects, have any role in differential diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Patients followed up for histopathologically verified diagnosis of prostate cancer and prostatitis in 2016-2017 at the Medicalpark Gaziantep Hospital Urology Clinic were included in the study. Native Thiol (NT), Total Thiol (TT), Dynamic Disulphide (DD) levels in serum were measured by a novel automated method. Results: NT, TT, DD, NT / TT ratios, DD / TT ratio and DD / NT ratio were measured as 118.4 ± 36.8μmoL / L, 150.3 ± 45.3μmoL / L, 15.9 ± 7μmoL / L, 78.8 ± 7μmoL / L, 10.5 ± 3.5μmoL / L, 13.8 ± 5.8μmoL / L respectively in patients with prostate cancer; as 116.4 ± 40.5μmoL / L, 147.5 ± 50.1μmoL / L, 15.5 ± 8.7μmoL / L, 79.7 ± 9μmoL / L, 10.1 ± 4.5μmoL / L, 13.5 ± 7.2μmoL / L in patients with prostatitis and as 144.1 ± 21.2μmoL / L, 191 ± 32.3μmoL / L, 23.4 ± 10.1μmoL / L, 76.1 ± 98.3μmoL / L, 11.9 ± 4.1μmoL / L, 16.4 ± 6.9μmoL / L in healthy subjects. Significant difference was detected between groups of NT, TT and DD levels (p = 0.008, p = 0.001, p = 0.002). No significant difference was detected in terms of the NT / TT, DD / TT and DD / NT rates (p = 0.222, p = 0.222, p = 0.222). Conclusions: Serum NT, TT, DD levels in patients with prostatitis and prostate cancer were found significantly lower compared to the control group. This indicates that just as inflammation, prostate cancer also increases oxidative stress on tissues.

Association of high mobility group box 1 protein with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: Recently, the role of inflammation in coronary artery disease and the association of inflammatory biomarkers with adverse outcomes have been investigated in many studies. We investigated the relationship between high serum mobility group box 1 protein levels and established risk factors for coronary artery disease. METHODS: Fifty-five patients who presented to our Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic and subsequently underwent coronary artery bypass surgery for coronary artery disease and 50 healthy subjects presenting to the cardiology outpatient clinic without any cardiovascular problem were included in the study. The mean age was 61.47 ± 9.38 years for patients and 58.20 ± 10.15 years for controls. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between groups with respect to age or sex. Family history of coronary artery disease, aspirin use, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes were significantly more prevalent in the patient group versus the control group. A significant difference was found between patients and healthy controls with respect to high mobility group box 1 protein levels ( p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum high mobility group box 1 protein was significantly increased in patients with coronary artery disease in comparison to healthy subjects. No associations were found between high mobility group box 1 protein level and certain risk factors for coronary artery disease.

Role of native Thiol, total Thiol and dynamic Disulphide in diagnosis of patient with prostate cancer and prostatitis.

BACKGROUND: Our study investigates whether Native Thiol, Total Thiol and disulphide levels measured in serum of patients with prostate cancer and prostatitis and of healthy subjects, have any role in differential diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients followed up for histopathologically verified diagnosis of prostate cancer and prostatitis in 2016-2017 at the Medicalpark Gaziantep Hospital Urology Clinic were included in the study. Native Thiol (NT), Total Thiol (TT), Dynamic Disulphide (DD) levels in serum were measured by a novel automated method. RESULTS: NT, TT, DD, NT / TT ratios, DD / TT ratio and DD / NT ratio were measured as 118.4 ± 36.8µmoL / L, 150.3 ± 45.3µmoL / L, 15.9 ± 7µmoL / L, 78.8 ± 7µmoL / L, 10.5 ± 3.5µmoL / L, 13.8 ± 5.8µmoL / L respectively in patients with prostate cancer; as 116.4 ± 40.5µmoL / L, 147.5 ± 50.1µmoL / L, 15.5 ± 8.7µmoL / L, 79.7 ± 9µmoL / L, 10.1 ± 4.5µmoL / L, 13.5 ± 7.2µmoL / L in patients with prostatitis and as 144.1 ± 21.2µmoL / L, 191 ± 32.3µmoL / L, 23.4 ± 10.1µmoL / L, 76.1 ± 98.3µmoL / L, 11.9 ± 4.1µmoL / L, 16.4 ± 6.9µmoL / L in healthy subjects. Significant difference was detected between groups of NT, TT and DD levels (p = 0.008, p = 0.001, p = 0.002). No significant difference was detected in terms of the NT / TT, DD / TT and DD / NT rates (p = 0.222, p = 0.222, p = 0.222). CONCLUSIONS: Serum NT, TT, DD levels in patients with prostatitis and prostate cancer were found significantly lower compared to the control group. This indicates that just as inflammation, prostate cancer also increases oxidative stress on tissues.

Prognostic Significance of Indicators of Systemic Inflammatory Responses in Glioblastoma Patients

Background: High-grade gliomas, with glioblastomas as the most frequently observed histologic subtype, are the most common primary brain tumours in adults. It is considered that inflammatory responses play a major role in malignancies, including tumour progression. This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the thrombocyte to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as indicators of systemic inflammatory response (SIR) in glioblastoma patients. Methods: A total of 90 patients treated for glioblastoma were retrospectively evaluated. Absolute counts were used to generate NLR and PLR. A SIR was considered to be present with an NLR ≥5 and/or PLR ≥150. Results: Median follow-up time was 11.3 months (range: 1-70 months). The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates were 55.2% and 19.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that there was no correlation between overall survival and gender (p=0.184), comorbid disease (p = 0.30), clinical presentation (p = 0.884), or tumour lateralization (p = 0.159). Multivariate analysis showed that overall survival was significantly correlated with SIR based on NLR (HR: 2.41), and ECOG performance status (HR: 1.53). The prognostic factors that affected survival, other than SIR, were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (p = 0.003), and tumour localization (p = 0.006). Conclusion: The present findings confirm that NLR based on peripheral blood counts prior to treatment can be used as a prognostic factor in patients with glioblastoma. Since tumour aggression increases and survival decreases as the NLR value rises, choice of treatment modality is facilitated for glioblastoma patients.

Lack of Any Role of Systemic Inflammatory Responses in Predicting Muscle Invasion by Bladder Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate if there is a relation between platelet:lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values and tumour histology and spread in bladder cancer cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bladder cancer patients undergoing TUR-M operation, with histopathologically verified diagnosis, followed-up and treated at the Private Medical Park Gaziantep Hospital between 2010 and 2015, were included in the study. NLR and PLR values were calculated using complete blood count data obtained at the first presentation. RESULTS: A total of 99 patients were included in the study, 7 (7.1%) women and 92 men (92.9%). When NLR was used as the indicator of systemic inflammatory response (SIR), it was determined that 52 (52.5%) of the patients were SIR negative and 47 (47.5%) SIR positive. No significant relation could be detected between NLR and tumour grade and muscle invasion (p=0.948, p=0.480). When PLR was used as SIR indicator, it was determined that 71 (71.7%) of the patients were found as negative and 28 (28.3%) as positive. No significant relation could be detected between PLR and tumour grade and muscle invasion (p=0.651, p=0.494). CONCLUSIONS: In our study we did not detected a relation between tumour histological behavior and PLR and NLR in bladder cancer. However, NLR and PLR are easily calculated, accessible, inexpensive and simple-to-use laboratory data from whole blood counts.

False Positive Troponin Levels due to Heterophil Antibodies in a Pregnant Woman.

Positive troponin test results in peripheral blood can be detected either during myocardial injury or from falsely positive test results. In this report, we present the positive results of a troponin test in a 24-year-old pregnant woman referred to the emergency department with atypical chest pain, and the clinical algorithm that we used to make the correct diagnosis. This patient presented with the same complaint of chest pain at different times while positive troponin levels were detected. In the absence of signs of myocardial injury, we suspected that heterophil antibodies were playing a major role. Further examinations revealed heterophil antibodies that could cross react with the troponin tests in peripheral blood.