ABSTRACT
The article contains the analysis of materials about HIV infection and the status of work on its early detection among soldiers. Currently, the figures have a tendency to stabilization, but there is an increase in the persantage of HIV-infected persons performing military service under the contract, as well as the actualization sexual way of infection. The insufficient effectiveness of the barrier screening during the laboratory examination of recruits may contribute the increase in the incidence of HIV infection. Have been reviewed the questions medical-diagnostic and medical-psychological support of HIV-infected soldiers. Been analyzed the social consequences of delays in seeking medical help of patients in this group, the opportunities and challenges of their dispensary observation. It was noted that early detection of HIV infection and proper medical and psychological support in the dynamics of pathological process helps to reduce the number of new cases and improve their outcomes and to reduce the period of efficiency recovery of military personnel.
Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/psychology , Military Medicine/methods , Military Personnel , Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage , Early Diagnosis , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Military Personnel/psychology , Military Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Psychology, Military/methods , Psychotherapy/methods , RussiaABSTRACT
The causes of hospitalization of HIV-infected patients during of medical treatment in a multidisciplinary health care setting (Military Medical Academy) are analyzed. Leading causes of death in medical institutions among patients with HIV are diseases, which are not associated with HIV infection: burns, combined injuries, toxic substances poisoning. It was found that HIV infection worsens prognosis for patients hospitalized with respiratory diseases and leads to earlier development of nosocomial infections, exacerbation of bronchopulmonary diseases and short-term mortality.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , Bronchial Diseases/pathology , Pneumonia/pathology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/mortality , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/virology , Autopsy , Bronchial Diseases/microbiology , Bronchial Diseases/mortality , Bronchial Diseases/virology , Forensic Pathology , HIV Infections/mortality , HIV Infections/pathology , HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1/isolation & purification , HIV-2/isolation & purification , Humans , Pneumonia/microbiology , Pneumonia/mortality , Pneumonia/virology , Retrospective Studies , Russia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
An analysis of regulatory documents of the Ministry of Healthcare and the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation related to HIV/AIDS prevention was carried out. The current system of HIV/AIDS detection and registration among military and civil personnel was assessed. Problems and prospects of scientific-and-research laboratory (the register of infectious disease pathology and HIV-infected military personnel) of Scientific-and-research centre at the Kirov Military medical academy were discussed. It is proposed that the main direction of the laboratory activity will be the restoration of up-to-date records of military personnel with HIV/AIDS. This activity will provide the necessary information to responsible specialists of the Main state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance centre and the Main military medical department of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation for the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance for purposeful and economically feasible management decisions in the field of military personnel infection diseases prevention.
Subject(s)
Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Epidemiological Monitoring , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Military Medicine/organization & administration , Military Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Registries/standards , Humans , Military Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Registries/statistics & numerical data , Russia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The propagation of HIV infection in this country creates the threat of its penetration into state forensic-medical institutions. This study had the objective of estimating the degree of awareness of the personnel of such institutions of the HIV/AIDS problem including their knowledge of emergency preventive measures in extraordinary situations during autopsy studies and other investigations. Anonymous questionnaires were distributed among the respondents involved in the study. The awareness of the personnel of the state-governed institutions of forensic medical expertise was described as insufficient. Simultaneously, the high rate of occupational traumatism among the staff during execution of their offices was documented. Recommendations are proposed for the prevention of HIV infection among the personnel of the state-governed institutions of forensic medical expertise.
Subject(s)
Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control , HIV Infections , Health Facilities , Infection Control , Medical Staff/standards , Adult , Forensic Medicine/organization & administration , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/transmission , Health Facilities/standards , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Infection Control/methods , Infection Control/organization & administration , Staff Development/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , WorkforceABSTRACT
This review summarizes the results of the study of the provisionality phenomenon in the development of the organs of the urinary system (mesonephros, metanephros) in viviparous (human, rat) and oviparous (bird) amniotes, human organs of mixed origin (pituitary, ovary, stomodeum) reparative regeneration of supporting tissues (in humans and Syrian hamster), morphogenesis of primary hepatic cancer developing against the background of superinvasive opisthorchiasis. It is shown that during the development of tissues and organs, the stages of provisional and definitive histo- and organogenesis could be determined; saltatory mechanism is typical for embryonic organogenesis (formation of cartilaginous skeletal primordia, meso- and metanephrons) and foci of oncogenesis. Transformation zones of the type of tissue organization in the epithelium are located in the areas of contacts of the derivatives of different embryonic primordia. Mechanism of transformation of the epithelial layer of stomodeum and Rathke's pouch is provided by local activation of apoptosis and by the formation of the epithelial cells of a qualitatively new generation.
Subject(s)
Organogenesis , Animals , Birds , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology , Cricetinae , Epithelium/embryology , Gastrointestinal Tract/embryology , Humans , Liver/embryology , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Mesocricetus , Pituitary Gland/embryology , Rats , Urinary Tract/embryologyABSTRACT
The analysis of results of laboratorial diagnostics of HIV-infection in multiprofile treatment institute of the Ministry of Defense of RF, questioning of medical staff on the questions of diagnostics and treatment of HIV-infection discovered several disadvantages in the system of training of the physicians in this sphere. Insufficient level of knowledge of practical aspects of HIV-infection causes baseless quantity of screening laboratorial tests (up to 70%). It leads to grand material inputs of the Ministry of Defense of RF. The authors propose an elaborated guidance manual for teachers, attending physicians and students of academies on studying questions of HIV-infection, based on the principle of "transparent study", on broad engaging of different departments to the process of teaching, on consideration of profiles of cycles of studying, of levels of adoption, types of lessons, volume of study time.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/diagnosis , Military Personnel/education , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Education/standards , Humans , Military Medicine , Quality ControlABSTRACT
A fast and simple method for capripoxvirus species identification has been developed. The method is based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) with species-specific primers and does not require nucleotide sequencing or restriction analysis of PCR products. To differentiate vaccine stains used in Russia and countries of the former Soviet Union from epizootic isolates of sheep pox virus, a method based on restriction analysis of the ankyrin-repeat protein gene fragment amplified by PCR has been developed. Being highly specific, both methods may be used for routine diagnosis of capripoxvirus-associated diseases.