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1.
Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal ; 30(3): 525-547, 2019 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30822184

ABSTRACT

Knowledge of the genetic units of species is fundamental to the conservation of biodiversity. This is true for all regions, including the Neotropics where the Earth has its greatest diversity, including roughly 34% of primate species, a group that has almost 60% of its taxa threatened with extinction. The untufted (gracile) capuchins are medium-sized Neotropical primates, traditionally classified in four species: Cebus albifrons, C. capucinus, C. olivaceus, and C. kaapori. They have a very confusing intra-specific systematics with a large number of fragmented and isolated populations throughout their geographical distributions. We sequenced a large sample of gracile capuchins, including all of the recognized species, to offset the paucity of phylogenic and phylogeographic data regarding this group and to try to understand their phylogeny and evolution. A set of 189 gracile and robust capuchins were sequenced for their mitogenomes whereas another set of 394 gracile and robust capuchins were sequenced at two individual mitochondrial genes (mtCOI-COII). Additionally, 41 Colombian gracile capuchins were geno typified at eight nuclear DNA microsatellites. Our main findings are as follows: (1) Nineteen different groups of gracile capuchin were detected with the mitogenomics data set and more than twenty significant groups and sub-groups were identified with the mtCOI-COII genes; (2) The temporal splits of the older gracile capuchin haplogroups expanded between 2 and 4 million years ago (MYA), during the Pliocene; (3) The two most northern taxa of Colombian C. albifrons (malitiosus and hypoleucus) are the same taxon (C. a. hypoleucus) as was claimed by Cabrera. This taxon represents an old colonization event from the Amazon to current northern Colombia. It is intensely hybridized (evidence from both mitochondrial and nuclear genes) with a haplogroup of C. capucinus (H3) and also has an influx of robust capuchins; (4) Three different and independent migrations of C. albifrons from the Amazon arrived to northern Colombia giving rise to C. a. hypoleucus (including malitiosus), C. a versicolor (including leucocephalus, cesarae, and pleei), and C. a. adustus; (5) On the Caribbean island of Trinidad, two different gracile capuchin taxa exist, one autochthonous, which could correspond to a fourth migration into northwestern South America (C. a. trinitatis) and probably another one, introduced more recently (C. olivaceus brunneus); (6) The values of the genetic distance analyses, the inexistence of reciprocal mitochondrial monophylia for many clades of gracile capuchins and the strong hybridization detected with nuclear microsatellites, especially among hypoleucus (malitiosus), C. capucinus-H3, versicolor, and cesarae, support that all the gracile capuchins belong to one unique superspecies: C. capucinus (senior name for all the gracile capuchins).


Subject(s)
Cebus/classification , Cebus/genetics , Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Phylogeny , Animals , Colombia
2.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 52(7): 347-353, jul. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-154234

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de un programa intensivo de fisioterapia postoperatoria basado en ejercicios respiratorios dirigido a pacientes lobectomizados mediante toracotomía abierta. Diseño : Estudio cuasiexperimental. Emplazamiento: Hospital universitario terciario. Participantes: Doscientos ocho (208) pacientes lobectomizados mediante toracotomía abierta. Intervención: Los pacientes del grupo control (n=102) recibieron atención médica/de enfermería estándar y los pacientes del grupo experimental (n=106), además de la atención clínica estándar, se sometieron a un programa de fisioterapia diaria basada en ejercicios respiratorios hasta el momento del alta hospitalaria. Variables de resultado: Las variables de resultado estudiadas incluyeron la frecuencia de complicaciones pulmonares postoperatorias (CPP) más susceptibles de tratamiento fisioterapéutico (neumonía, atelectasias e insuficiencia respiratoria) y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria (DEH). Resultados: Las características preoperatorias y quirúrgicas de ambos grupos fueron comparables. La incidencia de CPP registrada fue de un 20,6% en el grupo control y un 6,6% en el grupo experimental (p = 0,003). La mediana y el RIC de la DEH fue de 14 y 7días, respectivamente (estimador M de Huber 14,21) en el grupo control y de 12 y 6días (estimador M de Huber 12,81) en el grupo experimental. El modelo de regresión logística creado identificó al programa de fisioterapia evaluado (p = 0,017; EXP (B) [IC 95% 0,081-0,780]) y al porcentaje del FEV1 (p = 0,042; EXP (B) [IC 95% 0,941-0,999]) como factores protectores frente al desarrollo de CPP en los pacientes intervenidos de lobectomía. Conclusiones: La implementación de un programa intensivo de fisioterapia postoperatoria basado en ejercicios respiratorios reduce el riesgo de desarrollar CPP y la DEH en pacientes lobectomizados


Objective: To evaluate the effects of an intensive postoperative physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises in patients undergoing lobectomy by open thoracotomy. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Tertiary referral academic hospital. Participants: 208 patients undergoing lobectomy by open thoracotomy. Interventions: Control group patients (n = 102) received standard medical/nursing care, and experimental group patients (n=106) added to the standard clinical pathway a daily physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises until discharge. Outcomes: Analyzed outcomes were the frequency of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) more amenable to physiotherapy (pneumonia, atelectasis and respiratory insufficiency) and length of hospital stay (LOS). Results: Both groups were comparable regarding preoperative and surgical characteristics. Incidence of PPCs was 20.6% in control and 6.6% in experimental group (P = .003). Median (IQR) LOS in control group was 14 (7) days (Huber M estimator 14.21) and 12 (6) days (Huber M estimator 12.81) in experimental. Logistic regression model identified the evaluated physiotherapy program (P = .017; EXP [B] 95% CI 0.081-0.780) and % FEV1 (P = .042; EXP [B] 95% CI 0.941-0.999) as protective factors for the development of PPCs in patients undergoing lobectomy. Conclusions: Implementing a postoperative intensive physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises reduces the risk of PPCs and resultant LOS on patients undergoing lobectomy


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonectomy/rehabilitation , Breathing Exercises , Respiration Disorders/prevention & control , Recovery of Function/physiology , Risk Factors , Thoracentesis/rehabilitation , Case-Control Studies , Physical Therapy Modalities , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control
3.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 52(7): 347-53, 2016 Jul.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26860844

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of an intensive postoperative physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises in patients undergoing lobectomy by open thoracotomy. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental study. SETTING: Tertiary referral academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 208 patients undergoing lobectomy by open thoracotomy. INTERVENTIONS: Control group patients (n=102) received standard medical/nursing care, and experimental group patients (n=106) added to the standard clinical pathway a daily physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises until discharge. OUTCOMES: Analyzed outcomes were the frequency of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) more amenable to physiotherapy (pneumonia, atelectasis and respiratory insufficiency) and length of hospital stay (LOS). RESULTS: Both groups were comparable regarding preoperative and surgical characteristics. Incidence of PPCs was 20.6% in control and 6.6% in experimental group (P=.003). Median (IQR) LOS in control group was 14 (7) days (Huber M estimator 14.21) and 12 (6) days (Huber M estimator 12.81) in experimental. Logistic regression model identified the evaluated physiotherapy program (P=.017; EXP [B] 95% CI 0.081-0.780) and % FEV1 (P=.042; EXP [B] 95% CI 0.941-0.999) as protective factors for the development of PPCs in patients undergoing lobectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a postoperative intensive physiotherapy program focused on respiratory exercises reduces the risk of PPCs and resultant LOS on patients undergoing lobectomy.


Subject(s)
Breathing Exercises , Pneumonectomy , Pneumonia/prevention & control , Postoperative Care/methods , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Pulmonary Atelectasis/prevention & control , Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control , Aged , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Incidence , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonectomy/rehabilitation , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Pulmonary Atelectasis/epidemiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/epidemiology , Spirometry , Tertiary Care Centers , Thoracotomy/rehabilitation
6.
Vis. enferm. actual ; 7(25): 24-33, 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-707460

ABSTRACT

Las ciencias de la salud avanzan hacia medidas y tratamientos que inciden en la calidad de vida de las personas. El trasplante es una opción que ofrece una oportunidad en esta línea y los profesionales somos los responsables y protagonistas de este acto para hacer efectiva la terapéutica de una manera eficaz y eficiente. El trasplante renal (TR) es la terapia de elección para la mayoría de las causas de insuficiencia renal crónica terminal, porque mejora la calidad de vida y la supervivencia frente a la diálisis. El tratamiento inmunosupresor debe ser individualizado, buscando la sinergia inmunosupresora y el mejor perfil de seguridad y debe adaptarse a las diferentes etapas del trasplante renal. En el seguimiento del trasplante renal hay que tener muy en cuenta los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y los tumores, puesto que la muerte del paciente con injerto funcionante es la segunda causa de pérdida del injerto tras el primer año del trasplante. La función alterada del injerto es un factor de mortalidad cardiovascular independiente, que requerirá seguimiento y control de todas sus complicaciones para retrasar la entrada en diálisis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing , Students, Nursing , Quality of Life , Behavior , Stress, Psychological
7.
Vis. enferm. actual ; 6(24): 6-11, 2010. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-707451

ABSTRACT

La falta de flujo sanguíneo cerebral durante unos pocos minutos y la reperfusión posterior, desencadenan la generación de radicales libres, la liberación de numerosos mediadores de la inflamación y aminoácidos excitatorios y cambios a nivel del calcio celular y mitocondrial que conducen a la lesión cerebral. Se han realizado dos estudios aleatorizados encaminados a evaluar los efectos de la hipotermia en la mortalidad y el pronóstico neurológico en pacientes con PCR. En ambos se demostró que la hipotermia inducida mejora el pronóstico neurológico a mediano y largo plazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypothermia, Induced , Heart Arrest/therapy , Critical Care/methods , Hypoxia, Brain
8.
Vis. enferm. actual ; 5(19): 28-35, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-674998

ABSTRACT

El síndrome metabólico presenta desde su descripción científica hace aproximadamente 15 o 20 años varios factores de riesgo cuya inclusión y valores fluctuaron según los diferentes organismos internacionales. Actualmente se ha llegado a un consenso mundial que se describe en el artículo. Estos conceptos discutidos son básicamente la hipertensión arterial, la dislipidemia, la intolerancia a la glucosa por la resistencia a la insulina y la obesidad visceral, que elevan la probabilidad de padecer enfermedad cardiovascular. Su detección y tratamiento por parte del equipo sanitario es importante para mejorar la salud de la población.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus , Metabolic Syndrome , Cholesterol , Hypertension , Insulin , Lipids , Obesity , Body Mass Index
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