Maternal and neonatal FTO rs9939609 polymorphism affect insulin sensitivity markers and lipoprotein profile at birth in appropriate-for-gestational-age term neonates

The influence of maternal fat mass and obesity (FTO) gene polymorphism on neonatal insulin sensitivity/resistance biomarkers and lipoprotein profile has not been tested. The study aimed to assess the association between the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism in mother-neonate couples and neonatal anthropometrical measurements, insulin sensitivity/resistance, and lipid and lipoprotein concentrations at birth. Fifty-three term, appropriate-for-gestational-age, Caucasian newborns together with their respective mothers participated in a cross-sectional study. Sixty-six percent of mothers and neonates carried the A allele (being AA or AT). TT mothers gained less weight during pregnancy, but non-significant maternal gene influence was found for neonatal bodyweight, body mass index, or ponderal index. Neonates from AA + AT mothers showed lower glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) but higher homeostatic model assessment insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) and homocysteine than neonates whose mothers were TT. AA + AT neonates had higher insulin and HOMA-IR than TT. The genotype neonatal × maternal association was tested in the following four groups of neonates: TT neonates × TT mothers (nTT × mTT), TT neonates × AA + AT mothers (nTT × mAA + AT), AA + AT neonates × TT mothers (nAA + AT × mTT), and AA + AT neonates × AA + AT mothers (nAA + AT × mAA + AT). Non-significant interactions between neonatal and maternal alleles were found for any parameter tested. However, maternal alleles affected significantly glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and homocysteine while neonatal alleles the arylesterase activity. Most significant differences were found between nATT + AA × mTT and nATT + AA × mAA + AT. Glycemia, insulinemia, and HOMA-IR were lower, while the Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) was higher in the mAA + AT vs. mTT whose children were AA + AT. This dietary fact seems to counterbalance the potential negative effect on glucose homeostasis of the obesogenic A allele in neonates (AU)

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Consistente asociación del polimorfismo rs7903146 en el gen TCF7L2 con mayor riesgo de diabetes en población mediterránea española / Consistent association of the rs7903146 polymorphism in the TCF7L2 gene with a higher risk of diabetes in a Spanish Mediterranean population

Introducción La diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) puede inducir la expresión de moléculas de adhesión celular (ICAM, VCAM) y citocinas (IL-6 y PCR). Posiblemente asociado con dichos mecanismos, el gen transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) ha sido asociado con DT2 en diferentes poblaciones, aunque existen pocos datos en población mediterránea. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar la asociación de dicho gen con la DT2 y marcadores de inflamación en población de alto riesgo cardiovascular. Métodos Se incluyeron 1.001 participantes de alto riesgo cardiovascular del estudio PREDIMED-Valencia. Se determinó la glucemia en ayunas y las concentraciones de lípidos plasmáticos. En una submuestra aleatoria se determinaron las concentraciones de IL-6, PCR, VCAM e ICAM. Se analizó el polimorfismo rs7903146 (C>T) en el gen TCF7L2. Resultados La prevalencia de DT2 fue de 47,4%. La frecuencia de genotipos fue: 38,1% CC, 47,7% CT y 14,3% TT, siendo la frecuencia alélica del alelo T 0,381. Se hallaron diferencias significativas de concentraciones plasmáticas de glucosa según el genotipo (CC: 117,3±37,8; CT: 124,1±41,1; TT: 128,7±45,2mg/dl; p=0,011). Los portadores del alelo T presentan un mayor riesgo de DT2 (OR=1,37; 95%IC: 1,05-1,80; p=0,022) con respecto a individuos CC. El alelo T también se asoció como mayores concentraciones de VCAM (CC: 914,3±355,4; CT: 1.147,0±422,6; TT: 1.258,1±447,3 ng/ml; p=0,001). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para los demás marcadores de inflamación. Conclusión El alelo T del polimorfismo rs7903146 en el gen TCF7L2 se asocia con un mayor riesgo de DT2 en población mediterránea española, siendo consistente con los resultados obtenidos en otras poblaciones europeas (AU)

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can induce the expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM,VCAM) and cytokines (IL-6 and CRP). Possibly related to these mechanisms, the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene has been associated with T2D in distinct populations, but there are few data for the Mediterranean population. Our objective was to study the association of this gene with T2D and inflammation markers in a population at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: We included 1,001 high cardiovascular risk participants in the PREDIMED-Valencia study. Fasting blood glucose and plasma lipid concentrations were determined. Plasma concentrations of IL-6, CRP, VCAM and ICAM were also determined in a random subsample. Thers7903146 (C > T) polymorphism in the TCF7L2 gene was analyzed. Results: The prevalence of T2D was 47.4%. The frequency of genotypes was 38.1% for CC,47.7% for CT and 14.3% for TT (the allelic frequency of the T allele was 0.381). We found statistically significant differences in fasting plasma glucose concentrations depending on theTCF7L2 genotype (CC: 117.3±37.8; CT: 124.1±41.1; TT: 128.7±45.2 mg/dl; p = 0.011). Tallele carriers had an increased risk of T2D (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05-1.80; p = 0.022) compared with CC individuals. The T allele was also associated with higher concentrations of VCAM(CC: 914.3±355.4; CT: 1147.0±422.6; TT: 1258.1±447.3 ng/ml; p = 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found for the other markers of inflammation. Conclusion: Consistent with the results obtained in other European populations, this study found that the T allele of the rs7903146 polymorphism in the TCF7L2 gene is associated with an increased risk of T2D in a Mediterranean Spanish population (AU)

Asociaciones de la concentración de adiponectina sérica con parámetros antropométricos, bioquímicos y presión arterial en población de alto riesgo cardiovascular / Serum adiponectin concentration association with anthropometric, biochemical and blood pressure measures in a population with high cardiovascular risk

Introducción. La adiponectinemia se ha asociado inversamente con obesidad abdominal, un perfil lipídico más favorable y menor resistencia a la insulina. Sin embargo, recientes estudios en población de alto riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente con función renal alterada, muestran que concentraciones elevadas son un indicador desfavorable. Nuestro objetivo ha sido estudiar la asociación entre adiponectinemia y parámetros antropométricos, bioquímicos y presión arterial (PA) en pacientes de alto riesgo cardiovascular. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudió a 185 pacientes (133 mujeres y 52 varones), participantes del estudio PREDIMED (edad media de 65,5 ± 4,3 años). Se obtuvieron datos clínicos, antropométricos, bioquímicos y de PA, así como adiponectinemia. Resultados. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue ligeramente superior en mujeres que en varones (31,1 ± 4,3 frente a 29,4 ± 4,0 kg/m2; p = 0,01). La prevalencia de diabetes fue del 42,2%, y era superior en los varones (61,5%) que en las mujeres (34,6%). La adiponectinemia fue superior en las mujeres que en los varones (11,0 ± 5,2 frente a 6,9 ± 3,3 µg/ml; p < 0,001). Tras ajustar por sexo, las concentraciones medias de adiponectina fueron más elevadas en no diabéticos que en diabéticos (10,3 ± 0,5 frente a 7,5 ± 0,5; p < 0,001). Se obtuvieron correlaciones positivas entre adiponectina y colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (cHDL) (r = 0,36; p < 0,001), y correlaciones negativas con triglicéridos plasmáticos (r = ­0,28; p < 0,001), glucemia (r = ­0,28; p < 0,001) y creatinina plasmática (r = ­0,28; p = 0,007). Ni la PA sistólica ni la diastólica se asociaron con la adiponectinemia. Conclusiones. La adiponectinemia en esta población de alto riesgo cardiovascular no presenta correlaciones tan claras con parámetros antropométricos y PA como en población general. Sí que se ha mostrado más baja en diabéticos y correlacionada inversamente con la creatinina (AU)

Introduction. Serum adiponectin concentrations have been inversely associated with abdominal obesity, a more favorable lipid profile, and less insulin resistance. Nevertheless, recent studies in the population at high cardiovascular risk, especially that with altered renal function, show that high adiponectin concentrations are an unfavorable indicator. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of adiponectinemia with anthropometric, biochemical and blood pressure parameters in patients with high cardiovascular risk. Patients and methods. We studied 185 patients (133 women and 52 men), participating in the PREDIMED study (mean age 65.5 ± 4.3 years). Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and blood pressure data, as well as adiponectinemia, were analyzed. Results. The body mass index was slightly higher in women than in men (31.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2 versus 29.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2; p = 0.01). The prevalence of diabetes was 42.2% and was higher in men (61.5%) than in women (34.6%). Adiponectin concentrations were higher in women than in men (11.0 ± 5.2 versus 6.9 ± 3.3 µg/mL; p < 0.001). After adjustment for sex, mean adiponectin concentrations were higher in nondiabetic than in diabetic participants (10.3 ± 0.5 versus 7.5 ± 0.5; p < 0.001). Positive correlations between adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were obtained (r = 0.36; p < 0.001). Negative correlations with plasma triglycerides (r = ­0.28; p < 0.001), glycemia (r = ­0,28; p < 0.001) and plasma creatinine (r = ­0.28; p = 0.007) were found. No association was found between adiponectinemia and systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions. In the population studied with high cardiovascular risk, the correlations between adiponectinemia and anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were less clear than those in the general population. However, adiponectin concentrations were lower in diabetics and were inversely correlated with creatinine levels (AU)