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2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36196244

ABSTRACT

Background: Assembling an effective medical response for an overwhelming number of casualties has become a priority worldwide. Terrorist attacks have been part of the Colombian contemporaneous history. On February 7, 2003, a terrorist car bomb explosion occurred inside a private club in Bogotá, causing the largest number of casualties of all terrorist attacks for over 15 years. The present study analyses the hospital and prehospital responses to this mass casualty event by characterizing the patterns of injury, resource allocation, and outcome in a tertiary-level hospital where most of the casualties were treated. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective chart review of the patients brought to a single hospital (La Clínica del Country), which was the nearest to the terrorist attack. Demographics, severity of injury, patterns of injury, prehospital care, and outcomes were determined from the hospital medical records and government registries. Results: Of the 240 victims, 35 died at the explosion site (immediate mortality 17%). The 205 survivors were dispersed throughout the city, of whom 63 patients came to La Clínica del Country hospital. Most of these patients were evaluated only clinically and deemed not serious. The main mechanism of trauma was blunt (81.4%). The mean injury severity score (ISS) was 5.6 ± 8.3. Ten patients required emergent surgical intervention and 14 patients were admitted. The in-hospital mortality was 20%. Conclusion: This mass casualty event was a true test for the Colombian emergency medical system and disaster preparedness. The medical response and resource optimization resulted in an overall mortality rate similar to those observed in the recent European and North American bombings. Despite the limited resources, the continuous challenge of terrorist's attacks in Colombia made the country feel the need for training and preparing the healthcare professionals, allowing effective delivery of medical care.


Introducción: La organización de una respuesta médica efectiva a un número excesivo de víctimas de ataques terroristas se ha convertido en una prioridad en el mundo. Los ataques terroristas han sido parte de la historia colombiana contemporánea. El 7 de Febrero de 2003, un carro bomba explotó en el interior de un club privado en Bogotá, resultando en el ataque terrorista con mayor numero de víctimas durante los últimos 15 años. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la respuesta del sistema pre y hospitalario a un ataque terrorista masivo, caracterizar los patrones de lesión, utilización de recursos y desenlaces en un hospital de primer nivel, donde la mayoría de las víctimas fueron atendidas. Métodos: Este es un estudio retrospectivo de la revisión de 43 historias clínicas de 63 pacientes que fueron llevados al hospital privado más cercano después de un ataque terroristas. La información demográfica, la severidad, el patrón de las lesiones y los desenlaces fueron determinados a partir de las historias clínicas y los registros gubernamentales. Resultados: Treinta y cinco personas murieron en la escena y 205 personas fueron lesionadas (mortalidad inmediata de 17%). 63 pacientes fueron transferidos a nuestros hospitales. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron valorados clínicamente y no tenían lesiones serias. El principal mecanismos de trauma fue cerrado. El promedio de ISS fue 5.6 ± 8.3. Diez pacientes requirieron intervenciones quirúrgicas de urgencia y 14 fueron admitidos al hospital. La mortalidad crítica fue de 20%. Conclusione: Este incidente fue un verdadero examen a nuestro sistema médico de emergencias y plan de desastres hospitalario. Nuestro sistema médico optimizó los recursos resultando en una mortalidad crítica similar a la de las bombas ocurridas en Europa y Norte América. El desafío permanente de confrontar los ataques terroristas en Colombia ha proporcionado entrenamiento y preparación para asegurar un cuidado médico efectivo, aun con recursos limitados. Palabras clave: Ataque terrorista, Bomba, Evento con lesionados masivos, Respuesta medica.

3.
J Vasc Surg ; 65(6): 1673-1679, 2017 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28527929

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship between two new variables, tumor distance to base of skull (DTBOS) and tumor volume, with complications of carotid body tumor (CBT) resection, including bleeding and cranial nerve injury. METHODS: Patients who underwent CBT resection between 2004 and 2014 were studied using a standardized, multi-institutional database. Demographic, perioperative, and outcomes data were collected. CBT measurements were determined from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound examination. RESULTS: There were 356 CBTs resected in 332 patients (mean age, 51 years; 72% female); 32% were classified as Shamblin I, 43% as Shamblin II, and 23% as Shamblin III. The mean DTBOS was 3.3 cm (standard deviation [SD], 2.1; range, 0-10), and the mean tumor volume was 209.7 cm3 (SD, 266.7; range, 1.1-1642.0 cm3). The mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 257 mL (SD, 426; range, 0-3500 mL). Twenty-four percent of patients had cranial nerve injuries. The most common cranial nerves injured were the hypoglossal (10%), vagus (11%), and superior laryngeal (5%) nerves. Both Shamblin grade and DTBOS were statistically significantly correlated with EBL of surgery and cranial nerve injuries, whereas tumor volume was statistically significantly correlated with EBL. The logistic model for predicting blood loss and cranial nerve injury with all three variables-Shamblin, DTBOS, and volume (R2 = 0.171, 0.221, respectively)-was superior to a model with Shamblin alone (R2 = 0.043, 0.091, respectively). After adjusting for Shamblin grade and volume, every 1-cm decrease in DTBOS was associated with 1.8 times increase in risk of >250 mL of blood loss (95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.55) and 1.5 times increased risk of cranial nerve injury (95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.92). CONCLUSIONS: This large study of CBTs demonstrates the value of preoperatively determining tumor dimensions and how far the tumor is located from the base of the skull. DTBOS and tumor volume, when used in combination with the Shamblin grade, better predict bleeding and cranial nerve injury risk. Furthermore, surgical resection before expansion toward the base of the skull reduces complications as every 1-cm decrease in the distance to the skull base results in 1.8 times increase in >250 mL of blood loss and 1.5 times increased risk of cranial nerve injury.


Subject(s)
Blood Loss, Surgical , Carotid Body Tumor/surgery , Cranial Nerve Injuries/etiology , Vascular Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anatomic Landmarks , Brazil , Carotid Body Tumor/complications , Carotid Body Tumor/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Body Tumor/pathology , Colombia , Computed Tomography Angiography , Cranial Nerve Injuries/diagnosis , Databases, Factual , Europe , Female , Hong Kong , Humans , Logistic Models , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Skull Base/diagnostic imaging , Treatment Outcome , Tumor Burden , Ultrasonography , United States , Young Adult
4.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 41(2): 106-14, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23592070

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are differences in verbal working memory amongst subjects with schizophrenia, their first degree relatives and controls, and to evaluate the influence of symptoms on these differences, as an initial step to assess whether this cognitive function is an endophenotype. METHODS: We examined 197 cases with schizophrenia, 197 first degree relatives and 200 controls through psychiatric interviews and the Letters and Numbers Sequencing test (LNS). Performance was compared among the three groups adjusting for age, sex and education level. Adjustment for "negative symptoms" and "disorganization" was performed afterwards. RESULTS: Subjects with schizophrenia showed lower performance in the LNS than their first degree relatives and the healthy controls; the effect sizes were 0.75 and 1.18 respectively. There was a small difference between relatives and controls (effect size =0.38). These differences were significant after adjustment for negative and disorganized symptoms, but the effect sizes became smaller: 0.26 for relatives vs. subjects with schizophrenia, 0.56 for controls vs. subjects with schizophrenia and 0.33 for relatives vs. controls. Among individuals with schizophrenia, performance in the LNS was not associated with disorder duration, disease onset age, antipsychotics, history of depressive episodes or substance use disorders. CONCLUSION: Results suggest verbal working memory may be considered as an endophenotype in schizophrenia.


Subject(s)
Memory, Short-Term , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/genetics , Schizophrenic Psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Schizophrenia, Disorganized/diagnosis , Schizophrenia, Disorganized/genetics , Schizophrenia, Disorganized/psychology , Young Adult
5.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 41(2): 106-114, mar.-abr. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-111610

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar si hay diferencias en la memoria de trabajo verbal entre sujetos con esquizofrenia, familiares de primer grado y controles, y evaluar la influencia que pueden tener en estas diferencias los síntomas del trastorno, como un paso para establecer si esta función cognitiva es un endofenotipo. Métodos: A 197 sujetos con esquizofrenia, 197 familiares de primer grado y 200 controles comunitarios, se les hizo evaluación psiquiátrica y se les aplicó la prueba sucesión de letras y números (SLN). Se comparó el desempeño de los tres grupos ajustando por edad, sexo y escolaridad, y luego se ajustó también por síntomas negativos y desorganizados. Resultados: Los sujetos con esquizofrenia mostraron un menor desempeño en la SLN con respecto a sus familiares de primer grado no-afectados y los controles, con tamaños de efecto de 0,75 y 1,18 respectivamente. Hubo una diferencia pequeña pero significativa entre familiares y controles (tamaño de efecto =0,38). Estas diferencias siguieron siendo significativas después de ajustar por síntomas negativos y desorganizados, pero los tamaños de efecto disminuyeron a: 0,26 para familiares vs sujetos con esquizofrenia, 0,56para controles vs sujetos con esquizofrenia y 0,33 para familiares vs controles. Entre los sujetos con esquizofrenia, el desempeño en la SLN no se asoció significativamente con duración del trastorno, edad de inicio, uso de antipsicóticos, ni historia de episodios depresivos o trastornos por uso de sustancias. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que la memoria de trabajo verbal puede ser considerada un endofenotipo de la esquizofrenia (AU)


Objective: To determine whether there are differences in verbal working memory amongst subjects with schizophrenia, their first degree relatives and controls, and to evaluate the influence of symptoms on these differences, as an initial step to assess whether this cognitive function is an endophenotype. Methods: We examined 197 cases with schizophrenia, 197 first degree relatives and 200 controls through psychiatric interviews and the Letters and Numbers Sequencing test (LNS). Performance was compared among the three groups adjusting for age, sex and education level. Adjustment for “negative symptoms” and “disorganization” was performed afterwards. Results: Subjects with schizophrenia showed lower performance in the LNS than their first degree relatives and the healthy controls; the effect sizes were 0.75 and 1.18 respectively. There was a small difference between relatives and controls (effect size =0.38). These differences were significant after adjustment for negative and disorganized symptoms, but the effect sizes became smaller: 0.26 for relatives vs. subjects with schizophrenia, 0.56 for controls vs. subjects with schizophrenia and 0.33 for relatives vs. controls. Among individuals with schizophrenia, performance in the LNS was not associated with disorder duration, disease onset age, antipsychotics, history of depressive episodes or substance use disorders. Conclusion: Results suggest verbal working memory may be considered as an endophenotype in schizophrenia (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/therapy , Schizophrenic Psychology , Reinforcement, Verbal , Verbal Behavior/physiology , Family Relations , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Behavioral Symptoms/psychology , Neuropsychology/methods , Neuropsychology/standards , Neuropsychology/trends , Analysis of Variance , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use
6.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 16(2): 64-70, mar.-abr. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-528916

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la valoración del riesgo cardiovascular permite identificar los grupos en los cuales se debe dar prioridad a las actividades de prevención (primaria y secundaria) dirigidas a reducir la morbimortalidad cardiovascular. Metodología: se incluyeron 2.167 pacientes hipertensos colombianos (edad media: 62,6 años; de los cuales 56,4% eran mujeres y 43,6% hombres) a quienes su médico realizó una encuesta estructurada y registró los resultados del examen físico y de las determinaciones bioquímicas para efectuar una estratificación del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Resultados: únicamente 32,1% de los pacientes tenía cifras de tensión arterial controladas al momento de la evaluación. El riesgo cardiovascular de la población en estudio fue bajo en 19,3%, moderado en 35,9%, alto en 30,6% y muy alto en 14%. La coexistencia de hipertensión arterial más diabetes incrementó la prevalencia de patologías renales, hipertrofia ventricular izquierda, enfermedad coronaria y enfermedad vascular periférica. Conclusiones: en pacientes hipertensos existe la necesidad de generar estrategias de detección y reducción efectiva del riesgo cardiovascular más allá del control de las cifras de tensión.


Introduction: with the assessment of cardiovascular risk physicians can identify those groups in which they must prioritize prevention activities (primary and secondary) to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Methodology: we included 2,167 colombian hypertensive patients (average age: 62.6 years, 56.4% were women and 43.6% men), their doctors conducted a structured survey, recorded their results of physical examination and biochemical determinations for make a stratification of risk of cardiovascular disease. Results: only 32.1% of patients had controlled blood pressure levels at the survey time. This is the cardiovascular risk observed: low 19.3%, 35.9% moderate, high 30.6% and 14% very high. The coexistence of HBP + diabetes increased prevalence of kidney diseases, left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary disease and peripheral vascular disease. Conclusions: in hypertensive patients is necessary to generate strategies for detection and effective reduction of cardiovascular risk factors beyond the control of blood pressure levels.


Subject(s)
Hypertension , Risk Factors
7.
Univ. med ; 49(3): 293-316, jul.-sept. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-504604

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El uso inapropiado de antibióticos genera resistencias bacterianas y gastos innecesarios en salud. Se desea evaluar la influencia que sobre la prescripción de antibióticospuede tener un curso de educación médica continua por Internet. Metodología. Veinticuatro médicos generales de un hospital público de Bogotá participaron en un curso virtual sobre el uso de los antibióticos en las infecciones respiratorias. Se compararon los patrones y la calidad de las prescripciones antes y después de la intervención educativa. Resultados. Se obtuvieron reducciones significativas de las cantidades prescritas de ampicilina (–22,7%) y amoxicilina (–29,6%), y se incrementó en 10,8% la cantidad deprescripciones que registran el código CIE-10 (indicador de calidad). Se redujeron las cantidades totales de antibióticos utilizados. Conclusiones. Una intervención educativa por Internet es capaz de modificar la forma como los médicos prescriben los antibióticos, al mismo tiempo que mejora el cumplimiento de los requisitos formales de la prescripción.


Subject(s)
Humans , User-Computer Interface , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Education , Physicians , Drug Prescriptions
8.
Hum Mol Genet ; 15(21): 3146-53, 2006 Nov 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16984960

ABSTRACT

We performed a whole genome microsatellite marker scan in six multiplex families with bipolar (BP) mood disorder ascertained in Antioquia, a historically isolated population from North West Colombia. These families were characterized clinically using the approach employed in independent ongoing studies of BP in the closely related population of the Central Valley of Costa Rica. The most consistent linkage results from parametric and non-parametric analyses of the Colombian scan involved markers on 5q31-33, a region implicated by the previous studies of BP in Costa Rica. Because of these concordant results, a follow-up study with additional markers was undertaken in an expanded set of Colombian and Costa Rican families; this provided a genome-wide significant evidence of linkage of BPI to a candidate region of approximately 10 cM in 5q31-33 (maximum non-parametric linkage score=4.395, P<0.00004). Interestingly, this region has been implicated in several previous genetic studies of schizophrenia and psychosis, including disease association with variants of the enthoprotin and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor genes.


Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Colombia , Costa Rica , Female , Founder Effect , Genome, Human , Humans , Lod Score , Male , Microsatellite Repeats , Pedigree , Statistics, Nonparametric
9.
Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet ; 141B(5): 435-9, 2006 Jul 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16741941

ABSTRACT

Recent reports have implicated polymorphisms in the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene region in the etiology of several psychiatric phenotypes, including bipolar disorder. Significant disease association has been reported for the G allele at SNP rs6265, which encodes for Valine at position 66 of BDNF (Val66Met), an apparently functional variant of this key BDNF. Here we examined a sample of 224 bipolar type I patients and available parents (comprising a total of 212 nuclear families) ascertained in a South American population isolate (Antioquia, Colombia). We tested for transmission distortion to bipolar patients of alleles at the rs6265 polymorphism and at a microsatellite marker 1.3 kb away from this SNP. Significant excess transmission of the rs6265 G allele to cases was observed (chi(2) = 10.77, d.f. = 1, P = 0.001). Two-locus haplotype analysis showed a significant global transmission distortion (chi(2) = 16.059, d.f. = 7, P = 0.025) with an excess transmission of a haplotype comprising the rs6265 G allele and microsatellite allele 227. These results are consistent with previous studies pointing to a role for BDNF in susceptibility to mood disorders.


Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/genetics , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Alleles , Colombia , Dinucleotide Repeats/genetics , Family Health , Female , Gene Frequency , Haplotypes , Humans , Linkage Disequilibrium , Male , Mutation, Missense , Nuclear Family
10.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 103(19): 7234-9, 2006 May 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16648268

ABSTRACT

Although it is well established that Hispanics generally have a mixed Native American, African, and European ancestry, the dynamics of admixture at the foundation of Hispanic populations is heterogeneous and poorly documented. Genetic analyses are potentially very informative for probing the early demographic history of these populations. Here we evaluate the genetic structure and admixture dynamics of a province in northwest Colombia (Antioquia), which prior analyses indicate was founded mostly by Spanish men and native women. We examined surname, Y chromosome, and mtDNA diversity in a geographically structured sample of the region and obtained admixture estimates with highly informative autosomal and X chromosome markers. We found evidence of reduced surname diversity and support for the introduction of several common surnames by single founders, consistent with the isolation of Antioquia after the colonial period. Y chromosome and mtDNA data indicate little population substructure among founder Antioquian municipalities. Interestingly, despite a nearly complete Native American mtDNA background, Antioquia has a markedly predominant European ancestry at the autosomal and X chromosome level, which suggests that, after foundation, continuing admixture with Spanish men (but not with native women) increased the European nuclear ancestry of Antioquia. This scenario is consistent with historical information and with results from population genetics theory.


Subject(s)
Cell Nucleus/genetics , Hispanic or Latino/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics , Colombia , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Female , Haplotypes , Humans , Male , Microsatellite Repeats , Names , Pedigree , Time Factors
11.
Nat Genet ; 38(5): 556-60, 2006 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16582909

ABSTRACT

The genome-wide distribution of linkage disequilibrium (LD) determines the strategy for selecting markers for association studies, but it varies between populations. We assayed LD in large samples (200 individuals) from each of 11 well-described population isolates and an outbred European-derived sample, using SNP markers spaced across chromosome 22. Most isolates show substantially higher levels of LD than the outbred sample and many fewer regions of very low LD (termed 'holes'). Young isolates known to have had relatively few founders show particularly extensive LD with very few holes; these populations offer substantial advantages for genome-wide association mapping.


Subject(s)
Genetics, Population , Genome, Human , Linkage Disequilibrium , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 , Humans , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
12.
Biomedica ; 24(1): 56-62, 2004 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15239602

ABSTRACT

An interview tool, Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS 3.0), was translated into Spanish for application in studies of psychiatric disorders in Colombia. Two Spanish translations of the original English version of DIGS were prepared and back-translated into English. A review committee verified the linguistic and cultural equivalence of the translations. The evaluator and test-retest reliability were assessed calculating Cohen's kappa for samples of 65 and 91 patients respectively. DIGS proved valid in both appearance and content. The confidence interval (C.I.) was excellent for schizophrenia (kappa = 0.81, C.I. 95% = 0.68-0.93), bipolar disorder (kappa = 0.87, C.I. 95% = 0.75-0.99), major depressive disorder (kappa = 0.86, C.I. 95% = 0.70-1.00), and for a normal diagnosis (kappa = 0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89); it was good for other psychiatric diagnosis (kappa = 0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89) and poor for schizoaffective disorder (kappa = 0.37, C.I. 95% = -0.02-0.76). Test-retest reliability was excellent for all diagnoses (kappa > 0.8), except for "other psychiatric diagnoses" (kappa = 0.64, C.I. 95% = 0.31-0.96). The Spanish translation of the DIGS was comprehensible, with face and content validity, and good test-retest and evaluator reliability. This translation will be a useful tool for genetic studies of psychiatric disorders in Latin America, particularly where schizophrenia and affective disorders are involved.


Subject(s)
Genetic Testing/methods , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Colombia , Humans , Language , Mental Disorders/genetics , Reproducibility of Results , Translating
13.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 24(1): 56-62, mar. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-635428

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: validar la entrevista diagnóstica para estudios genéticos (DIGS 3.0) en Colombia. Métodos: se hicieron dos traducciones del inglés al español del DIGS y se hizo traducción en sentido inverso (al inglés) de cada una. Un comité de revisión verificó la equivalencia translingüística y transcultural. Se evaluó la confiabilidad examen-reexamen e interevaluador del DIGS 3.0 en 65 y 91 pacientes, respectivamente, mediante el cálculo de kappa de Cohen. Resultados: el DIGS 3.0 mostró ser comprensible, con validez de apariencia y de contenido. La confiabilidad interevaluador fue excelente para esquizofrenia (kapa=0,81, IC95%: 0,68-0,93), trastorno bipolar (kapa=0,87, IC95%: 0,75-0,99), trastorno depresivo mayor (kapa=0,86, IC95%: 0,7- 1) y ausencia de trastorno psiquiátrico (kapa=0,88, IC95%: 0,71-1); fue buena para otro diagnóstico psiquiátrico (kapa=0,65, IC95%: 0,41-0,89) y pobre para trastorno esquizoafectivo (kapa=0,37, IC95%: -0,02-0,76). La confiabilidad examen-reexamen fue excelente para todos los diagnósticos (kapa>0,8), excepto para otro diagnóstico psiquiátrico (kapa=0,64, IC95%: 0,31-0,96), donde fue buena. Conclusiones: la versión en español del DIGS para Colombia mostró comprensibilidad, validez de apariencia y de contenido, y confiabilidad examen-reexamen e interevaluador. Es una herramienta útil para estudios genéticos en esquizofrenia y en trastornos afectivos.


An interview tool, Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS 3.0), was translated into Spanish for application in studies of psychiatric disorders in Colombia. Two Spanish translations of the original English version of DIGS were prepared and backtranslated into English. A review committee verified the linguistic and cultural equivalence of the translations. The evaluator and test-retest reliability were assessed calculating Cohen’s kappa for samples of 65 and 91 patients respectively. DIGS proved valid in both appearance and content. The confidence interval (C.I.) was excellent for schizophrenia (kappa=0.81, C.I. 95% = 0.68-0.93), bipolar disorder (kappa=0.87, C.I. 95% = 0.75-0.99), major depressive disorder (kappa=0.86, C.I. 95% = 0.70-1.00), and for a normal diagnosis (kappa=0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89); it was good for other psychiatric diagnosis (kappa=0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89) and poor for schizoaffective disorder (kappa=0.37, C.I. 95% = -0.02-0.76). Test-retest reliability was excellent for all diagnoses (kappa>0.8), except for "other psychiatric diagnoses" (kappa=0.64, C.I. 95% = 0.31-0.96). The Spanish translation of the DIGS was comprehensible, with face and content validity, and good test-retest and evaluator reliability. This translation will be a useful tool for genetic studies of psychiatric disorders in Latin America, particularly where schizophrenia and affective disorders are involved.


Subject(s)
Humans , Genetic Testing/methods , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Colombia , Language , Mental Disorders/genetics , Reproducibility of Results , Translating
14.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 18(2): 73-77, abr.-jun. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-354572

ABSTRACT

El cáncer gástrico en Colombia es un problema de salud pública por su alta incidencia y su diagnóstico tardío, con un porcentaje de cáncer temprano menor de 5 por ciento. Por estas razones, es imprescindible constituir un programa de tamizaje para cáncer gástrico que sea sensible, costo-efectivo y tolerable por los pacientes. El pepsinógeno I y el II han ido sustituyendo en el Japón al método de tamizaje con fluoroscopia ya que, como ha sido demostrado por varios autores, tiene una tasa de detección de cáncer gástrico de 0,168 por ciento comparado con el 0,066 por ciento de la fluoroscopia. Con esto en mente, decidimos evaluar el uso del pepsinógeno I para detectar gastritis crónica atrofia y cáncer gástrico. Para esto se tomaron dos poblaciones: 66 pacientes con cáncer gástrico y 110 tomados de la población general; a todos se les tomó muestra para pepsinógeno I y anticuerpos para Helicobacter pylori (IgG e IgA), con endoscopio y biopsia posterior. Se construyó una curva ROC para definir el mejor punto de corte para el pepsinógeno I, encontrándose que el mejor punto era un valor < 150 ng/ml con una sensibilidad de 84,3 por ciento y una especificidad de 71,3 por ciento. Podemos entonces concluir que el uso de pepsinógeno I es un buen método para detectar gastritis crónica atrófica y cáncer gástrico, y que se debería asociar la determinación del pepsinógeno II en nuestra población por la alta prevalencia de infección por H. pylori que en nuestro estudio fue de 97 por ciento


Subject(s)
Gastritis, Atrophic/diagnosis , Gastritis, Atrophic/metabolism , Gastritis, Atrophic/blood , Pepsinogens/blood , Pepsinogens , Stomach Neoplasms , Straining of Liquids
15.
Hum Genet ; 112(5-6): 534-41, 2003 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12601469

ABSTRACT

We report a comparative genetic characterization of two population isolates with parallel demographic histories: the Central Valley of Costa Rica (CVCR) and Antioquia (in northwest Colombia). The analysis of mtDNA, Y-chromosome and autosomal polymorphisms shows that Antioquia and the CVCR are genetically very similar, indicating that closely related parental populations founded these two isolates. In both populations, the male ancestry is predominantly European, whereas the female ancestry is mostly Amerind. In agreement with their isolation, the Amerindian mtDNA diversity of Antioquia and the CVCR is typical of ethnically-defined native populations and is markedly lower than in other Latin American populations. A comparison of linkage disequilibrium (LD) at 18 marker pairs in Antioquia and the CVCR shows that markers in LD in both populations are located at short genetic distances (

Subject(s)
Demography , Genetics, Population , Colombia , Costa Rica , Female , Genetic Variation , Humans , Indians, North American/genetics , Linkage Disequilibrium , Male
16.
CES med ; 12(1): 49-52, ene.-jun. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-468873

ABSTRACT

El aprendizaje asistido por computador puede definirse como aquel aprendizaje que es mediado por un computador y que por lo tanto no requiere del contacto directo entre el docente y el estudiante para llevarse a cabo. (1,2) Lógicamente, el contenido ha de provenir de fuentes técnicas o científicas asimiladas previamente por el docente o el grupo de trabajo que lo diseña y construye, de acuerdo con los objetivos pretendidos con su uso.


Subject(s)
Universities , Educational Technology , Learning , Multimedia , Computer User Training , Computers , Programmed Instruction
17.
Med. UIS ; 11(4): 228-33, oct.-dic. 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232016

ABSTRACT

El trauma constituye la primera causa de muerte en Colombia y la magnitud del problema es este país, lo coloca como uno de los más violentos del mundo. Es deber de todo el personal de la salud estar preparado para manejar al paciente traumatizado de la mejor manera posible, con el objetivo de lograr la máxima supervivencia y el mínimo de complicaciones en estos pacientes. Para diagnosticar y tratar las condiciones que amenazan la vida del paciente traumatizado, se debe tener una evaluación inicial que consta de una revisión primaria, resucitación y revisión secundaria. La evaluación médica se hace utilizando el ABCDE, refiriéndose al manejo de la vía aérea con control de la columna cervical, la respiración y ventilación, la circulación con control de la hemorragia, la valoración del estado neurológico y la exposición del cuerpo del paciente con control de la hipotermia, respectivamente


Subject(s)
Humans , Multiple Trauma/surgery , Multiple Trauma/complications , Multiple Trauma/diagnosis , Multiple Trauma/epidemiology , Multiple Trauma/etiology , Multiple Trauma/physiopathology , Multiple Trauma/mortality , Multiple Trauma/rehabilitation , Shock/complications , Shock/diagnosis , Shock/epidemiology , Shock/etiology , Shock/physiopathology , Shock/rehabilitation , Shock/surgery
18.
CES med ; 11(2)jul.-dic. 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-495582

ABSTRACT

Definitivamente, no estamos lejos del día en que los médicos reconoceremos al computador como una herramienta tan esencial como lo ha sido hasta ahora el estetoscopio. Los sistemas de información médica para uso intrahospitalario, de interconsultas y asesorías remotas, banco de datos para capacitación, docencia y auditorías, educación a la comunidad y otras bondades que la tecnología viene demostrando, comienzan a tener papel protagónico al interior de las organizaciones que conforman los sistemas de salud en muchos países del mundo incluyendo los menos desarrollados, permitiéndoles brindar una mayor atención a sus pacientes en cuanto a accesibilidad, oportunidad, pertinencia, eficiencia y costos racionales al servicio prestado...


Subject(s)
Electronic Data Processing , Information Systems , Telemedicine , Computer Systems
19.
CES med ; 10(2)jul.-dic. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-541381

ABSTRACT

Bajo un nuevo esquema de organización del mundo donde las limitaciones y fronteras han ido desapareciendo a un nivel más allá del ámbito geográfico, los conocimientos, la información, los problemas sociales, las modas y estilos de vida, así como las diversas soluciones a dificultades comunes, hacen que cada día los seres humanos vivamos y actuemos de una manera cada vez más universal. Por ello, debemos estar conscientes de que la formación de nuestros profesionales médicos deberá responder a unas necesidades que se le plantean actualmente y hacia futuro, sobrepasando el ámbito local o regional. Sus habilidades, conocimientos y actitudes lo deberán situar al mismo nivel de sus pares internacionales, con quienes tendrá la oportunidad de interactuar y aportar sus conocimientos a través de los diversos medios de comunicación que en la actualidad se desarrollan...


Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Schools, Medical , Students, Medical , Universities
20.
Acta méd. colomb ; 20(5): 245-7, sept.-oct. 1995.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-183393

ABSTRACT

La hipotermia es una condición clínica de presentación frecuente en los servicios de urgencias, pero que usualmente no es documentada ni tratada. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 72 años en quien se documentó hipotermia en el servicio de urgencias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Hypothermia/complications , Hypothermia/diagnosis , Hypothermia/etiology , Rewarming , Rewarming/trends , Rewarming/statistics & numerical data
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