Respiratory training effects in Long COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: To date, it is unknown whether respiratory training interventions can benefit Long COVID-19 patients. The main objective was to analyze the effects of respiratory training on patients with Long COVID-19, concretely on respiratory muscle strength, lung function, dyspnea, and functional capacity. METHODS: We performed a systematic review following PRISMA statement using PubMed, Scopus, and PEDro (last search November 2023). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. We included randomized controlled trials testing the effect of respiratory training interventions in Long COVID-19 patients versus no intervention, control, or placebo intervention. The data was pooled, and a meta-analysis was complete. RESULTS: We selected 7 studies, which included 572 patients. Meta-analysis results show significant differences in favor of respiratory training in respiratory muscle strength (MD = 13.71; 95% CI = 5.41; 22; p = 0.001), dyspnea (SDM = 1.39; 95% CI = 0.33; 2.46; p = 0.01) and functional capacity (SDM = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.37; 1.43; p = 0.0009), but not in lung function (MD = 0.28; 95%CI = -0.27; 0.83; p = 0.32). CONCLUSION: The results of this systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that respiratory training improves respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity in Long COVID-19 patients, as well as dyspnea if combined with therapeutic exercise. However, respiratory training does not improve lung function in these patients. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO IDENTIFIER: CRD42022371820.

Effects of Tai-Chi on Quality of Life in People With Neurodegenerative Diseases. A systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of Tai Chi on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with neurodegenerative diseases. DATA SOURCE: This review followed the guidelines of the updated PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020. A systematic search in five electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, and OTseeker) was performed. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Randomized control trials (RCTs) examining Tai Chi interventions to improve HRQoL in patients with neurodegenerative diseases published through March 2023 were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted from each study by two independent researchers into a data extraction form based on the Cochrane recommendations. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed. DATA SYNTHESIS: A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS: Of the 439 records that were screened, eight RCTs met the eligibility criteria. They assessed cognitive decline (n = 2) or Parkinson's disease (n = 6). RCT comparison groups included active interventions or usual care. The duration of Tai Chi therapy ranged from 8 to 24 weeks. A sensitivity analysis using a fixed effect model indicated that Tai Chi therapy significantly increased HRQoL [P < 001, SMD (95% CI) = .41 [.21, .60], I2 = 4%]. CONCLUSION: Tai Chi can effectively improve the HRQoL of people with neurodegenerative diseases, but the heterogeneity across intervention was relatively high. Further studies are needed as research into the benefits of Tai Chi in neurodegenerative disease rehabilitation is still limited.

The Effectiveness of Combined Exercise and Self-Determination Theory Programmes on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis.

Low back pain is a pervasive issue worldwide, having considerable prevalence and a significant impact on disability. As low back pain is a complicated condition with many potential contributors, the use of therapeutic exercise, combined with other techniques such as self-determination theory programmes, has the potential to improve several outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the effectiveness of combined exercise and self-determination theory programmes on chronic low back pain. This study was designed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. A systematic search in three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus) was conducted from September to November 2023. After screening, a total of five random control trials with patients with chronic low back pain were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed significant differences in disability (SMD = -0.98; 95% CI = -1.86, -0.09; p = 0.03) and in quality of life (SMD = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.44; p = 0.03) in favour of the intervention group versus the control group.

Neurophysiological pain education for patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of neurophysiological pain education in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis considering pain-related variables. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines. A search was conducted in PubMed, PEDro Database, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Only randomized controlled trials enrolling patients ≥ 18 years of age with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis were included. The Downs and Black quality assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the articles, and the risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. RESULTS: A total of 7 studies were included in the study. Most of the studies were rated as "fair" on the Downs and Black quality assessment tool, and in the category of "some concerns" according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Neurophysiological pain education was conducted alone or combined with exercise, joint mobilizations, or self-management programs. The number of sessions ranged from 1 to 10. The meta-analysis results showed significant differences in favor of the intervention group in pain (MD = -0.49; 95% CI = -0.66; -0.32; p < 0.001) and catastrophization (MD = -1.81; 95% CI = -3.31, -0.3; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION, PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Neurophysiological pain education interventions in isolation or combined with exercise, joint mobilizations, or self-management programs have proven to significantly improve pain and catastrophization in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. These findings could provide clinicians with more information regarding the management of patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Effectiveness of Self-Care Education for Chronic Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Self-care programs for chronic neck pain are relevant to everyday life and can lead to long- term improvement. More studies on their effectiveness, key components and appropriate duration are needed. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of self-care programs for patients with chronic neck pain. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. After searching in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect, eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Self-care education interventions typically consisted of education (i.e., pain neuro-science education or general educational concepts) accompanied by exercise or manual therapy. The most frequent components were addressing physical and psychological symptoms and engaging in self-care strategies. The least frequent ones were monitoring and recording symptoms and discussing with providers of medical care. The duration of the interventions ranged from three sessions to six months. Finally, individual and supervised modalities were the most frequent. After pooling the data, a meta-analysis was carried out according to four variables (i.e., pain, disability, kinesiophobia and catastrophization) and showed significant results (p < 0.05) in favor of self-care interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that self-education interventions improve pain, psychological pain-related variables and disability in patients with chronic neck pain. The most frequently used components were addressing physical and psychological symptoms and engaging in self-care strategies. Future trials should focus on including other components, such as discussing symptoms with providers of medical care or self-monitoring symptoms. Additional areas of focus include more homogeneous doses and comparator treatments, as well as studies with better evidence to reach more solid conclusions.

Widespread distribution and altered pain processing in head and neck cancer survivors at long-term after treatment.

PURPOSE: Radiotherapy (RT) treatment in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients may induce long-term sequels as pain, which nowadays is not fully understand. Therefore, there is a need of characterization of pain features in HNC to enhance after oncology treatment management. Head and neck cancer survivors develop chronic pain after radiotherapy treatment. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the presence of pain, pain distribution, and pain processing by means of patient reported outcomes and quantitative sensory testing. METHODS: Pain pressure threshold (PPT), temporal summation (TS), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Widespread Pain Index (WPI), The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and EuroQol5D5L were assessed in 20 head and neck cancer survivors (sHNC) and 20 health-related sex and age-matched controls. RESULTS: The sHNC present lower PPT values in both the affected and non-affected side than did the healthy controls, especially in the widespread pain in the body, an altered TS in both affected and non-affected side and lower scores in quality of life and arm dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Following radiotherapy treatment after 1 year, sHNC present widespread pain, hypersensitivity in the radiated area, altered pain processing, upper limb affection, and a QoL diminution. These data provide evidence that a peripheral and central sensitization is happening in sHNC. Future efforts should focus on preventing pain after oncologic treatment. The comprehension about pain and its features in sHNC enhance health professional understanding and allows to tailor an optimal patient-targeted pain treatment.

Characteristics of Frailty in Perimenopausal Women with Long COVID-19.

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of risk factors for frailty between perimenopausal women with long COVID-19 syndrome, women having successfully recovered from COVID-19, and controls from the community. Women with a diagnosis of long COVID-19 and at least one symptom related to the perimenopausal period, women who had successfully recovered from COVID-19, and healthy women of comparable age were included in this study. Symptom severity and functional disability were assessed with the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale, and the presence of frailty was evaluated considering the Fried criteria. A total of 195 women were included in the study, distributed over the three groups. The long COVID-19 group showed a higher prevalence of perimenopausal symptoms and impact of COVID-19. Statistically significant differences were found between the long COVID-19 group and the other two groups for the frailty variables. When studying the associations between frailty variables and COVID-19 symptom impact, significant positive correlations were found. Perimenopausal women with long COVID-19 syndrome present more frailty-related factors and experience a higher range of debilitating ongoing symptoms. A significant relationship is shown to exist between long COVID-19 syndrome-related disability and symptoms and frailty variables, resulting in an increased chance of presenting disability.

Post-COVID Patients With New-Onset Chronic Pain 2 Years After Infection: Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Although pain is common in non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 syndrome, only a few studies have provided information on the pain experience of these patients. AIM: To identify the clinical and psychosocial profile associated with pain in non-hospitalized patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. METHOD: In this study there were three groups: healthy control group, successfully recovered group, and post-COVID syndrome group. Pain-related clinical profile and pain-related psychosocial variables were collected. Pain-related clinical profile included: pain intensity and interference (Brief Pain Inventory), central sensitization (Central Sensitization Scale), insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index), and pain treatment. Pain-related psychosocial variables were: fear of movement and (re)injury (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia), catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale), depression, anxiety and stress (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale), and fear-avoidance beliefs (Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire). RESULTS: In all, 170 participants were included in the study (healthy control group n = 58, successfully recovered group n = 57, and post-COVID syndrome group n = 55). Post-COVID syndrome group obtained significantly worse punctuation in pain-related clinical profile and psychosocial variables than the other two groups (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome have experienced high pain intensity and interference, central sensitization, increased insomnia severity, fear of movement, catastrophizing, fear-avoidance beliefs, depression, anxiety, and stress.

Efficacy in urinary symptom burden, psychological distress, and self-efficacy of education-enhanced interventions in prostate cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, prostate cancer is both the second-most diagnosed cancer and most common solid tumor in men. Prostate cancer patients present with a symptom burden that is compounded by the impact of medical oncology treatment, affecting different domains of their perceived health status. Education active techniques are a key role in chronic disease to increase participation in their recovery. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current review was to examine the efficacy of education-enhanced in urinary symptom burden, psychological distress, and self-efficacy in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. METHODS: A wide search of the literature was conducted for articles from their inception to June 2022. Only randomized controlled trials were included. Data extraction and methodologic quality assessment of the studies were carried out by two reviewers. We previously registered the protocol of this systematic review on PROSPERO (CRD42022331954). RESULTS: A total of six studies were included in the study. After education-enhanced intervention showed significant improvements in any of perceived urinary symptom burden, one in psychological distress, and one in self-efficacy in the experimental group. The meta-analysis showed that education-enhanced interventions have a significant effect on depression. CONCLUSION: Education-enhanced could have positive effects on urinary symptom burden, psychological distress, and self-efficacy in prostate cancer survivors. Our review was unable to demonstrate the best timing to apply education-enhanced strategies.

Effects of non-pharmacological therapies on hand function and the ability to perform daily activities in people with systemic sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.

BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease. Individuals with a diagnosis of SSc describe repercussions on their activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living that affect their everyday functional capacity. The objective of this systematic review was to explore the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to improve hand function and the ability to perform activities of daily living. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted on the Cochrane Library, Medline/PubMed, OTseeker, PEDro, Scopus, Web of Science up to September 10, 2022. Inclusion criteria were defined following PICOS recommendations (Populations, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome measures). Methodological quality was assessed with the Downs and Black Scale and risk of bias was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). A meta-analysis of each outcome was performed. RESULTS: A total of 8 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing data on 487 individuals with SSc. The non-pharmacological intervention applied the most was exercise. The effects of non-pharmacological interventions were better than those of the waiting list or no treatment control conditions in both outcomes - hand function (mean difference [MD] = -6.98; 95% CI [-11.45, - 2.50], P = 0.002, I2 = 0%) and performance of daily activities (MD = -0.19; 95% CI [-0.33, - 0.04], P = 0.01, I2 = 0%). Moderate risk of bias was found in the majority of the studies included. CONCLUSION: There is emerging evidence that non-pharmacological interventions can improve hand function and performance of daily activities in individuals with a diagnosis of SSc. Given the moderate risk of bias found in the studies included, the results should be considered with caution.

Consecuencias psicológicas de la exposición a zonas de conflicto en niños, niñas y adolescentes / Conseqüències psicològiques de l’exposició a zones de conflicte en nens, nenes i adolescents / Children and adolescents psychological consequences of exposure to conflict zones

Una de lasprincipales víctimas de las guerras y conflictos armados son los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Las consecuenciasnegativas de los conflictos bélicos en la salud física y mental de esta población han sido señaladas en numerosasocasiones por la literatura científica. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar los resultados de las últimas inves-tigaciones sobre las consecuencias de la exposición a conflictos armados en la salud mental de los niños, niñasy adolescentes, para ayudar a los profesionales del país a tener una mayor comprensión de la problemática yabordarla de forma adecuada. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión de artículos científicos publicados enlos últimos cinco años. El trastorno por estrés postraumático es el más observado en los estudios internaciona-les, aunque se detectan otros problemas emocionales y conductuales en los niños, niñas y adolescentes que hanvivido una situación de conflicto armado. Es importante tener en cuenta que la sintomatología clínica continúaincluso bajo medidas protectoras como un desplazamiento forzoso, así como conocer las necesidades específi-cas de esta población para adaptar la intervención clínica de manera adecuada.(AU)

One of the main victimsof wars and armed conflicts are children and adolescents. The negative consequences of war conflicts on thephysical and mental health of this population have been reported on numerous occasions in the scientific litera-ture. The aim of this study is to present the results of the latest research on the mental health consequences inchildren and adolescents who have been exposed to armed conflicts, in order to help the country's professionalsto have a better understanding of the problem and to address it in an appropriate way. To this end, a review ofscientific articles published in the last five years has been carried out. Post-traumatic stress disorder is the mostfrequently observed in international studies, although other emotional and behavioural problems are detectedin children and adolescents who have lived through a situation of armed conflict. It is important to take intoaccount that clinical symptomatology continues even under protective measures such as forced displacement,as well as to know the specific needs of this population in order to adapt the clinical intervention appropriately.(AU)

Una de les princi-pals víctimes de les guerres i conflictes armats són els nens, les nenes i els adolescents. Les conseqüències negati-ves dels conflictes bèl·lics en la salut física i mental d'aquesta població han estat assenyalades moltes vegades perla literatura científica. L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és presentar els resultats de les darreres investigacions sobre lesconseqüències de l'exposició a conflictes armats en la salut mental dels nens, nenes i adolescents, per ajudar elsprofessionals del país a tenir més comprensió de la problemàtica i abordar-la de manera adequada. Per fer-ho, s'hadut a terme una revisió d'articles científics publicats en els darrers cinc anys. El trastorn per estrès posttraumàticés el més observat als estudis internacionals, encara que es detecten altres problemes emocionals i conductualsen els nens, nenes i adolescents que han viscut una situació de conflicte armat. És important tenir en compte quela simptomatologia clínica continua fins i tot sota mesures protectores, com ara un desplaçament forçós, així comconèixer les necessitats específiques d'aquesta població per adaptar la intervenció clínica de manera adequada.(AU)

Musculoskeletal, Functional and Performance Impairment in Female Overhead Athletes with a Previous Shoulder Injury.

BACKGROUND: Shoulder injuries are substantial problems in overhead athletes, and more studies are necessary to deepen the knowledge on this type of injury. The objective of this study was to compare the overall function and performance of female overhead athletes with and without a previous history of shoulder injuries. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, female overhead athletes with and without a previous shoulder injury were included. Muscular impairment, the stability of the shoulder, strength, scapular dyskinesia, functionality and sports performance were evaluated. A total of 50 females were included. RESULTS: There were significant differences in strength (p = 0.046) and stability (p = 0.039) between groups, with a poorer score in the group with a history of shoulder injury. Regarding scapular dyskinesia, significant differences were also observed between groups (p = 0.048), with higher levels of dyskinesia in the group with previous shoulder injury. Also, muscular impairment showed significant differences between groups for the three muscles evaluated (p < 0.005). Additionally, the group without a previous shoulder injury presented with a significantly greater score in functionality (p = 0.046) and sports performance (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, previous shoulder injuries are an important factor to take into account in female overhead athletes. Players with a history of shoulder injury present clinical impairments during the game, leading to poorer functional status and performance in sport.

Concordancia consensuada en metodología observacional: efectos del tamaño del grupo en el tiempo y la calidad del registro / Concordância consensual na metodologia observacional: efeitos do tamanhodo grupo, tempo e qualidade do registro / The consensus agreement method in observational methodology: impact of sample size on time requirements and dataset quality

En metodología observacional, para abordar la fiabilidad de los datos ya registrados, suele recurrirse a coeficientes de concordancia, coeficientes de correlación o a la teoría de la generalizabilidad; además, cada vez está tomando mayor protagonismo la concordancia consensuada. Esta forma de concordancia trata de lograr la coincidencia entre los observadores antes del registro. A pesar de su creciente presencia en estudios observacionales, son pocos los trabajos quehan profundizado en el desarrollo y optimización de esta forma cualitativa de concordancia. El presente trabajo, además de constituirse en un ejemplo de la utilización de la concordancia por consenso, ha comparado el resultado obtenido (tiempo empleado y ajuste con el registro ideal) por grupos de consenso formados por diferente número de integrantes (dos, tres y cuatro observadores). No se han encontrado diferencias significativas al comparar los grupos de concordancia por consenso de dos, tres y cuatro integrantes, ni en relación al tiempo empleado en el registro, ni en lo relativo al porcentaje de acuerdo con el registro ideal. La determinación del tamaño muestral necesario para obtener diferencias significativas entre los grupos ha permitido elevar conclusiones en términos de eficiencia. (AU)

The reliability of datasets in observational methodology is typically tested using coefficients of agreement, correlation coefficients, or generalizability theory. Another increasingly popular method used to demonstrate the quality of data is the consensus agreement method, in which two or more observers agree on their coding decisions while creating the dataset. Although the consensus agreement method is being increasingly used in observational studies, few studies have conducted an in-depth analysis of how this qualitative procedure is approached or of how it can be optimized. In this study, in addition to presenting a practical example of the application of the consensus agreement method, we compare the results from three groups (of two, three, and four observers) to analyze performance in terms of time required to code the data and goodness of fit with respect to an optimal dataset. No significant differences were found between the three groups for either of the variables analyzed. Prior calculation of the sample size required to detect significant differences between the groups adds strength to our conclusions regarding the efficiency of the consensus agreement method. (AU)

Na metodologia observacional, para lidar com a confiabilidade de dois dados já registrados, costumamos passarpelos coeficientes de concordância, coeficientes de correlação ou pela teoria da generalização. Além disso, a concordância consensual vem ganhando cada vez mais destaque. Esta forma de concordância tenta chegar a um acordo entre os observadores antes do registro. Apesar de sua crescente presença em estudos observacionais, poucos estudos se aprofundam no desenvolvimento e otimização de uma forma qualitativa de concordância. Ou apresentar trabalho, além de ser um exemplo do uso de concordância de consenso, comparação ou resultado obtido (tempo despendido e ajuste como registro ideal) por grupos de consenso formados por diferentes números de membros (dois, três e quatro observadores). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na comparação de dois gruposde concordância por consenso de dois, três e quatro membros, não em relação ao tempo gasto não registrado, mas em relação ao percentual de concordância conforme lista ideal. A determinação do tamanho dá a amostra necessária para obter diferenças significativas entre os grupos permitindo-nos tirar conclusões em termos de eficiência. (AU)

Victimization and substance use among adolescents in residential child care.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents in Residential Child Care (RCC) report high levels of victimization. This has been linked to mental health problems and a higher risk of substance use and substance use problems. The present study aimed to evaluate the specific impact of different forms of victimization on alcohol and cannabis use problems among adolescents in RCC, attending to sex differences. METHODS: 321 adolescents from 38 residential therapeutic care facilities in Spain participated in the study. Thirty-six different forms of victimization were evaluated, as well as alcohol and cannabis use problems. Impact of polyvictimization and specific forms of victimization on alcohol and cannabis use problems and disorders were calculated using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Girls in RCC reported significantly more experiences of victimization. Polyvictimization was associated with alcohol use problems but not cannabis use problems. Property, domestic and community victimization showed the highest predictive role regarding alcohol and cannabis use disorders, with significant interactions with sex and migrant family background. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents in RCC reported considerably high levels of victimization and alcohol and cannabis use problems. In this population, property victimization, as well as indirect domestic and community victimization were predictors of further substance use problems, with girls being particularly sensitive to victimization. Migrant family backgrounds can also have an influence on the impact of some victimization forms on substance use. Victimization associated to high-risk environments and families could contribute to explain the high levels of substance use problems in this population.

Fast Degradation of Bisphenol A in Water by Nanostructured CuNPs@CALB Biohybrid Catalysts.

Copper nanoparticles-enzyme biohybrid is a promising material for the remediation of contaminated waters, but its function is influenced by its effect on degradation organic pollutants. This study is the first investigation into the fast degradation of a high amount of Bisphenol A (BPA) in water at neutral pH and room temperature. Four different CuNPs biohybrids with different cu species and nanoparticle sizes were used as catalysts. The biohybrid CuNPs@CALB-3, which contained Cu2O nanoparticles of around 10 nm size, showed excellent catalytic performance removing >95% BPA content (45 ppm) in an aqueous solution in 20 min in the presence of hydrogen peroxide at pH 8 using 1.5 g/L of a catalyst. The catalyst showed excellent stability and recyclability at these conditions.

No one ever asked us. young people's evaluation of their residential child care facilities in three different programs / Nadie nos ha preguntado nunca. La evaluación de los jóvenes sobre sus hogares de acogimiento residencial en tres programas diferentes

Background: Residential child care is a very complex measure and has been the subject of heated debate in many countries. However, there is a paucity of studies that examine quality assessments of these services, much less that have asked the children and young people receiving those services about their own evaluations. Method: This study interviewed 209 young people between 11 and 20 years of age, in 21 residential facilities, about their degree of satisfaction with the care they receive. These residential facilities are differentiated into three types of programs that will be compared: preparation for adult life (PAL), therapeutic care for behavioral problems (TRC) and general programs for children and young people without any specific profile (GRC). The instrument used is an interview that includes both quantitative and qualitative assessments. Results: The results show a trend toward positive average scores on practically all aspects, highlighting the support from as well as the connection they feel with the educators who care for them. On the other hand, young people in TRC displayed lower scores on almost all aspects evaluated while those in PAL were the most positive. Conclusions: The main implications for the practice will be discussed from these youths' perspective

Antecedentes: el acogimiento residencial es una medida compleja y que ha sido objeto de intensos debates en muchos países. Sin embargo, no existen muchos estudios sobre la evaluación de la calidad de estos servicios y mucho menos que hayan tenido en cuenta la opinión de los niños y jóvenes que los reciben. Método: en este estudio se entrevista a 209 jóvenes entre 11 y 20 años, que se encuentran en 21 hogares de acogimiento residencial, acerca de su satisfacción con la atención que reciben. Estos hogares de acogida se diferencian en tres tipos de programas que se compararán: preparación para la vida adulta (PAL), acogimiento terapéutico para problemas de conducta (TRC) y programas generalistas sin perfil específico (GRC). El instrumento empleado es una entrevista que recoge valoraciones cuantitativas y cualitativas. Resultados: los resultados muestran una tendencia a valoraciones con promedios positivos en prácticamente todos los aspectos, destacando el apoyo y la vinculación con los educadores que los atienden. Por otra parte, los jóvenes en TRC muestran puntuaciones más bajas en casi todos los aspectos, mientras que los jóvenes en PAL presentan las más altas. Conclusiones: se discutirán las principales implicaciones para la práctica desde esta perspectiva de los jóvenes

No one ever asked us. Young people's evaluation of their residential child care facilities in three different programs.

BACKGROUND: Residential child care is a very complex measure and has been the subject of heated debate in many countries. However, there is a paucity of studies that examine quality assessments of these services, much less that have asked the children and young people receiving those services about their own evaluations. METHOD: This study interviewed 209 young people between 11 and 20 years of age, in 21 residential facilities, about their degree of satisfaction with the care they receive. These residential facilities are differentiated into three types of programs that will be compared: preparation for adult life (PAL), therapeutic care for behavioral problems (TRC) and general programs for children and young people without any specific profile (GRC). The instrument used is an interview that includes both quantitative and qualitative assessments. RESULTS: The results show a trend toward positive average scores on practically all aspects, highlighting the support from as well as the connection they feel with the educators who care for them. On the other hand, young people in TRC displayed lower scores on almost all aspects evaluated while those in PAL were the most positive. CONCLUSIONS: The main implications for the practice will be discussed from these youths’ perspective.

Combining enzymes and organometallic complexes: novel artificial metalloenzymes and hybrid systems for C-H activation chemistry.

This review describes the recent advances in the design of novel artificial metalloenzymes and their application in C-H activation reactions. The combination of enzymes and metal or organometallic complexes for the creation of new artificial metalloenzymes has represented a very exciting research line. In particular, the development of proteins with the ability to perform C-H functionalization presents a significant challenge. Here we discuss the development of these processes on natural metalloenzymes by using directed evolution, biotin-(strept)avidin technologies, photocatalytic hybrids or reconstitution of heme-protein technology.