Hipertensión intracraneal idiopática asociada a nitrofurantoína. Caso clínico / Idiopathic intracranial hypertension associated with nitrofurantoin. Case report

Resumen Introducción: La Hipertensión Intracraneal Idiopática (HICI) es un síndrome neurológico caracterizado por un aumento de la presión intracraneal en ausencia de lesión estructural o hidrocefalia. Los síntomas incluyen cefalea, tinnitus pulsátil, oscurecimientos visuales transitorios y pérdida visual. Dentro de los signos destacan diplopía por parálisis del VI par, edema de papila y disminución de la agudeza visual. Los pacientes no tienen compromiso de conciencia ni signos neurológicos focales. La principal complicación es la pérdida visual que puede ser irreversible. La asociación entre HICI y nitrofurantoína (NTF) se reportó en 1974. Caso clínico: Mujer de 42 años, con sobrepeso, que desarrolló una HICI aproximadamente 18 meses posterior al inicio de nitrofurantoína profiláctica. Consultó por cefalea frontal, opresiva que aumentaba con la maniobra de Valsalva, asociada a disminución fluctuante de la agudeza visual y episodios de oscurecimiento. Al examen destacó edema de papila bilateral, sin déficit neurológico focal. La presión del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) fue de 25,5 cm de agua. La resonancia magnética mostró signos de aumento de la presión del LCR, sin lesiones estructurales ni hidrocefalia. El cuadro se recuperó concomitantemente a la suspensión de la NTF y el uso de topiramato. No se constató daño visual permanente. Conclusiones: Se debe sospechar la HICI en mujeres en edad fértil con sobrepeso. Dentro de los gatillantes del síndrome destacan varios fármacos, entre ellos la NTF. El principal objetivo del tratamiento de la HICI es preservar la función visual.

Abstract Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome characterized by increased intracranial pressure without a space occupying lesion or hydrocephalus. The symptoms are headache, pulsatile tinnitus, transient visual obscurations, and visual loss. Signs are diplopia caused by sixth cranial nerve paresis and papilledema with its associated loss of sensory visual function. The patient maintains an alert and oriented mental state, but has no localizing neurologic findings. The only major morbidity with IIH is visual loss. The association between IIH and nitrofurantoin was reported in 1974. Case: A 42 years old female, overweighed, who developed IIH 18 months after the start of prophylactic nitrofurantoin. She had frontal oppressive headache that increased with the Valsalva maneuver, fluctuant visual loss and transient visual obscurations. She had bilateral papilledema without localizing neurologic findings. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was 25.5 cm H2O. Magnetic resonance imaging showed signs of increased CSF pressure without structural lesions or hydrocephalus. IIH recovered with the withdrawal of nitrofurantoin and the use of topiramate. There was not permanent visual loss. Conclusions: It is recommendable to suspect IIH in obese women in the childbearing years. There are several drugs associated with IIH including nitrofurantoin. The main objective of treatment is to prevent visual loss.

The production process of "Étude sur le Rein des Urinaires", doctoral thesis of Joaquin María Albarrán at the Faculty of Medicine in Paris.

OBJECTIVES: The manuscript of the Doctoral Thesis of Joaquín Albarrán in the Faculty of Medicine in Paris "Étudesur le Rein des Urinaires" has been donated to Asociación Española de Urología. Direct comparison of the original and printed material gives information of the production process of this master work. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Direct comparison between the original hand-written work, a single hard bound volume covered with loin cloth and water paper composed of 145 numbered pages plus 206 newly numbered pages of clinico-pathological (37 subjects) and experimental (19 assays in 20 rabbits) data, and the printed work edited by Georges Steinheil in 1889. Prints included 4 plates with 14 figures, 9 temperature charts and 5 tables describing urine examinations. Figures were trichromic and charts and tables black & white. Chromolithographs were produced by Mr. Leuba in the printing owned by Lemercier et Cie, Paris. RESULTS: The original work was completed in 1887 without any correction or deletion. Differences are noticeable between the text in the master and printed works: rearrangement of data and inclusion of a new clinical observation, 5 new experiments, summary and dedications. Changes in iconography are noticeable. The masterwork included 24 plates (numbered from 1 to 22, 13bis, 16bis) with 46 figures (44 colored) integrated within the text and 26 double-page temperature registries that accompany clinical observations. Anatomical, histological and microbiological illustrations, including culture media, microbiological stains and histobacteriological preparations were depicted as watercolors (44%), watercolors mixed with pencil or ink (52%) or pencil drawings (4%). Four (9%) were signed by the author, 5 (11%) had numerical annotations and only 14 (30%) were definitely printed with loss of the black component and redrawn of 4/14 (29%) images. The largest images were not printed. CONCLUSIONS: Joaquín Albarrán described and beautifully illustrated himself the role "pyogenic bacillus" (E. coli) played in renal infection, bacteriemia, renal failure sepsis and patient death. The evolution of pyelonephritis to perinephritis and perinephric abscess was masterly interpreted, with new description of ascending infection and lymphatic peritubular dissemination of bacteria. The differences detected between written and printed work are numerous and can be explained by the corrections of Prof. Guyon before definite presentation and the technical process to perform the lithographs.

Evolution, antimicrobial susceptibility and assignment to international clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated over a 9-year period in two Spanish hospitals.

Antimicrobial resistance profiles, restriction fragment length polymorphism of the coagulase gene and repetitive element sequence-based PCR were used to classify 210 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered between 1997 and 2005 in two hospitals in Vigo, north-west Spain. Representative isolates belonging to the epidemic clones were analysed by spa typing and multilocus sequence typing, and the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCC)mec type was determined for all isolates. The New York/Japan clone (t002-ST5-II) was detected in Spain for the first time. However, the New York/Japan and the Brazilian (t037-ST239-IIIA) clones were replaced by EMRSA-16 (t018-ST36-II), which at present is the predominant clone.

Isolation and partial characterization of the cell membrane of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma ascites cells.

Cell membranes of carcinosarcoma-256 ascites cells were isolated by the Zn++ method. Neutral sugars, sialic acid, fucose and N-Acetylhexosamines were determined in the cell membrane fraction. Cells were agglutinated by wheat germ agglutinin, Concanavalin A, and the lectins from Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max. No agglutination was observed with peanut lectin (Arachis hypogaea). Gel electrophoresis under dissociating conditions revealed more than 40 bands in the membrane fraction after silver staining. Only 2 bands were evident with PAS staining.