ABSTRACT
Plant lipid transfer proteins and homologues of the main birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 are involved in the development of allergic reactions of varying severity to plant foods and pollen. In this study, the sera from patients with tree and weed pollen allergies in the Moscow region were examined. The levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IFNγ, TNFα, and TNFß cytokines were determined in the sera of patients with specific IgE antibodies to Bet v 1 and Pru p 3 allergens. It was confirmed that patients with pollen allergy are often characterized by Th2 response of the immune system, though other mechanisms of allergy development occurred in some cases. The data obtained demonstrate the necessity of detailed analysis of the individual mechanism of allergic reactions and patient-centered approach to the personalized allergy treatment.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Plant/immunology , Carrier Proteins/immunology , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Plant Proteins/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/blood , Adult , Antigens, Plant/chemistry , Carrier Proteins/chemistry , Case-Control Studies , Female , Gene Expression , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/genetics , Interferon-gamma/blood , Interferon-gamma/immunology , Interleukin-10/blood , Interleukin-10/immunology , Interleukin-13/blood , Interleukin-13/immunology , Interleukin-17/blood , Interleukin-17/immunology , Interleukin-4/blood , Interleukin-4/immunology , Interleukin-5/blood , Interleukin-5/immunology , Interleukin-9/blood , Interleukin-9/immunology , Lymphotoxin-alpha/blood , Lymphotoxin-alpha/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Moscow , Plant Proteins/chemistry , Precision Medicine , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/genetics , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/physiopathology , Th1 Cells/immunology , Th17 Cells/immunology , Th2 Cells/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunologyABSTRACT
Echinococcus granulosus still remains a widespread disease. Moreover, there is a large number of patients in whom it is diagnosed rather late because its clinical presentation can be unspecific and symptoms vary. We report a familial case of the disease. Its specific feature was the onset with the bilateral pulmonary process and late involvement of the liver. This excluded other pulmonary diseases, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis or cancer.
