Prevalence of Chagas disease in Latin American pregnant women in Madrid, Spain: A multicentre cross-sectional study from 2011 to 2016.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence among pregnant migrants living in Madrid according to the country of origin and to assess screening coverage in this at-risk population. METHODS: Retrospective multicentre cross-sectional study conducted from January 2011 to December 2016 in eight Madrid hospitals. Each hospital reviewed their microbiology data records to assess the screening coverage and serological diagnosis in all pregnant women coming from endemic areas. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2016, 149,470 deliveries were attended at the eight hospitals, and 11,048 pregnant women were screened for Chagas disease. Most cases (93.5%) were in women from Bolivia, who also showed the highest prevalence (12.4%, 95% confidence interval: 9.9-15.0). Pooled prevalence amongst the screened women was 2.9% (95% CI: 1.8-4.1). Chagas disease screening coverage varied greatly between centres, with a pooled mean coverage of 47% (95% CI: 37%-57%; 73% [95% CI: 63%-82%] for those centres with universal screening vs. 10% [95% CI: 6%-15%] for those with a selective screening approach; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study provides useful data for policy makers and epidemiologists in a non-endemic area without congenital Chagas screening programmes.

Imaging characterization of myocardial function, fibrosis, and perfusion in a nonhuman primate model with heart failure-like features.

Introduction: The availability of a human-like chronic heart failure (HF) animal model was critical for affiliating development of novel therapeutic drug treatments. With the close physiology relatedness to humans, the non-human primate (NHP) HF model would be valuable to better understand the pathophysiology and pharmacology of HF. The purpose of this work was to present preliminary cardiac image findings using echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in a HF-like cynomolgus macaque model. Methods: The NHP diet-induced model developed cardiac phenotypes that exhibited diastolic dysfunction with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) or preserved LVEF. Twenty cynomolgus monkeys with cardiac dysfunction were selected by echocardiography and subsequently separated into two groups, LVEF < 65% (termed as HFrEF, n = 10) and LVEF ≥ 65% with diastolic dysfunction (termed as HFpEF, n = 10). Another group of ten healthy monkeys was used as the healthy control. All monkeys underwent a CMR study to measure global longitudinal strain (GLS), myocardial extracellular volume (ECV), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). In healthy controls and HFpEF group, quantitative perfusion imaging scans at rest and under dobutamine stress were performed and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) was subsequently obtained. Results: No LGE was observed in any monkey. Monkeys with HF-like features were significantly older, compared to the healthy control group. There were significant differences among the three groups in ECV (20.79 ± 3.65% in healthy controls; 27.06 ± 3.37% in HFpEF group, and 31.11 ± 4.50% in HFrEFgroup, p < 0.001), as well as for stress perfusion (2.40 ± 0.34 ml/min/g in healthy controls vs. 1.28 ± 0.24 ml/min/g in HFpEF group, p < 0.01) and corresponding MPR (1.83 ± 0.3 vs. 1.35 ± 0.29, p < 0.01). After adjusting for age, ECV (p = 0.01) and MPR (p = 0.048) still showed significant differences among the three groups. Conclusion: Our preliminary imaging findings demonstrated cardiac dysfunction, elevated ECV, and/or reduced MPR in this HF-like NHP model. This pilot study laid the foundation for further mechanistic research and the development of a drug testing platform for distinct HF pathophysiology.

B cells as modulators of HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer in a preclinical model.

Among the different immune cells present within tumors, B cells also infiltrate human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal tumors. However, the role of B cells during programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade in HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer needs to be better defined. By using the preclinical mouse model for HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer (named mEER), we characterized B cells within tumors and determined their functional role in vivo during PD-1 blockade. We determined that treatment naïve tongue-implanted tumors, which we have previously demonstrated to be sensitive to PD-1 blockade, contained high infiltration of CD8+ T cells and low infiltration of B cells whereas flank-implanted tumors, which are resistant to PD-1 blockade, contain a higher frequency of B cells compared to T cells. Moreover, B cell-deficient mice (µMt) and B cell-depleted mice showed a slower tumor growth rate compared to wild-type (WT) mice, and B cell deficiency increased CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors. When we compared tongue tumor-bearing mice treated with anti-PD-1, we observed that tumors that responded to the therapy contained more T cells and B cells than the ones that did not respond. However, µMt mice treated with PD-1 blockade showed similar tumor growth rates to WT mice. Our data suggest that in untreated mice, B cells have a more pro-tumorigenic phenotype potentially affecting T cell infiltration in the tumors. In contrast, B cells are dispensable for PD-1 blockade efficacy. Mechanistic studies are needed to identify novel targets to promote the anti-tumorigenic function and/or suppress the immunosuppressive function of B cells in HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer.

Effect of a dietary intervention based on the Mediterranean diet on the quality of life of patients recovered from depression: Analysis of the PREDIDEP randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION: There is substantial evidence supporting that improving diet quality leads to improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our major aim was to assess the effectiveness of a Mediterranean diet-based nutritional intervention to improve HRQoL in the context of a secondary prevention trial of depression. Secondarily to assess its effectiveness among adults aged 60 or more years. METHODS: The PREDIDEP study is a 2-year multicentre, randomized, single-blinded nutritional trial. At baseline and at 1-year and 2-year follow-up, SF-36 health survey questionnaire was collected to evaluate participants' HRQoL (total and specific range for each of the 8 dimensions: 0 to 100 points). Mixed effect linear models were used to assess changes in HRQoL according to adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.govNCT03081065. RESULTS: After 2 years of intervention, the Mediterranean Diet intervention group compared to control group (without nutritional intervention, only usual clinical care) showed an improvement in some dimensions of HRQoL such as Mental Health (7.22; 95 % CI = 2.22-12.22) (between-group difference: 6.79; 95 % CI -0.14-13.73, p = 0.055); Vitality (9.51; 95 % CI = 4.00-15.03) (between-group difference: 9.00; 95 % CI 1.75-16.25, p = 0.020); Mental Summary Component (2.83; 95 % CI = 0.55-5.11) (between-group difference: 1.17; 95 % CI = -1.96-4.30, p = 0.462); and General Health (10.70; 95 % CI = 5.58-15.81) (between-group difference: 6.20; 95 % CI = -0.89-13.28, p = 0.086). Similar results were observed for participants aged 60 or more years. CONCLUSION: The intervention based on Mediterranean diet in patients with previous depression seems to be effective in improving HRQoL, especially the mental dimensions. This effect is also observed among participants aged 60 or more years.

Collective remembering and future forecasting during the COVID-19 pandemic: How the impact of COVID-19 affected the themes and phenomenology of global and national memories across 15 countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic created a unique set of circumstances in which to investigate collective memory and future simulations of events reported during the onset of a potentially historic event. Between early April and late June 2020, we asked over 4,000 individuals from 15 countries across four continents to report on remarkable (a) national and (b) global events that (i) had happened since the first cases of COVID-19 were reported, and (ii) they expected to happen in the future. Whereas themes of infections, lockdown, and politics dominated global and national past events in most countries, themes of economy, a second wave, and lockdown dominated future events. The themes and phenomenological characteristics of the events differed based on contextual group factors. First, across all conditions, the event themes differed to a small yet significant degree depending on the severity of the pandemic and stringency of governmental response at the national level. Second, participants reported national events as less negative and more vivid than global events, and group differences in emotional valence were largest for future events. This research demonstrates that even during the early stages of the pandemic, themes relating to its onset and course were shared across many countries, thus providing preliminary evidence for the emergence of collective memories of this event as it was occurring. Current findings provide a profile of past and future collective events from the early stages of the ongoing pandemic, and factors accounting for the consistencies and differences in event representations across 15 countries are discussed.

[Self-perceived health status in health workers 3 and 6 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19).] / Estado de salud autopercibido del personal sanitario 3 y 6 meses después de infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

OBJECTIVE: After the acute period of infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19), multi-organ signs and symptoms may remain. This study tried to compare the perception of the state of health and the sequelae in Navarra-Osasunbidea health workers after COVID-19, with the previous situation through the Health Survey. METHODS: Through a descriptive cross-sectional study, using a reduced questionnaire from the 2017 National Health Survey sent to health workers from the Navarre-Osasunbidea Health Service COVID-19 cases after 3 and 6 months, from April to July 2021 and compared with 2017. Differences were described through means, percentages and prevalence ratio, with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Of 938 surveys sent, 93 of 3 months (46.3%) and 305 of 6 months (41.4%) were received, 87% of women and 13% of men and 43 years of average age and 64.3% were from nursing and 19.1% from medicine. The percentage that assessed their health status as good or very good was significantly lower at 6 months than health workers and the general population in 2017 (70.2% vs 80.4% and 75.5%), the limitation for the habitual activity (39.8% and 35.1% vs 18.3%), headache 2.7 times more frequent, the days of activity restriction (41.5 and 26.7 vs 7.5) and on bed. Mental health problems, concentration (45.2% and 43.9%), loss of sleep (44.1% and 43.3%) and consumption of tranquilizers and antidepressants (2 and 3 times more) stood out, although not of medical consultations. CONCLUSIONS: Navarre health workers diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020 and early 2021 refer to the worst assessment of their health status at 3 and 6 months, greater limitation for usual activities, more frequent headaches and mental health problems, compared to the pre-pandemic period.

OBJETIVO: Pasado el período agudo de infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), pueden permanecer signos y síntomas multiorgánicos. Este estudio trató de comparar la percepción del estado de salud y las secuelas en los sanitarios navarros pasada la COVID-19, con la situación previa mediante Encuesta de Salud. METODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal, mediante un cuestionario reducido de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017 remitido a los sanitarios del Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, casos de COVID-19 pasados 3 y 6 meses, de abril a julio de 2021 y se comparó con 2017. Se describieron diferencias mediante medias, porcentajes y razón de prevalencia, con intervalos de confianza al 95%. RESULTADOS: De 938 encuestas enviadas, se recibieron 93 de 3 meses (46,3%) y 305 de 6 meses (41,4%), 87% de mujeres y 13% de hombres y 43 años de media de edad. El 64,3% fueron de enfermería y 19,1% de medicina. El porcentaje que valoró su estado de salud como bueno o muy bueno fue significativamente inferior a los 6 meses que sanitarios y población general en 2017 (70,2 % vs. 80,4% y 75,5%), mayor el de limitación para la actividad habitual (39,8% y 35,1% vs 18,3%), 2,7 veces más frecuente el dolor de cabeza y más los días de restricción de actividad (41,5 y 26,7 vs. 7,5) y en cama. Destacaron los problemas de salud mental, concentración (45,2% y 43,9%), pérdida de sueño (44,1% y 43,3%) y consumo de tranquilizantes y antidepresivos (2 y 3 veces más), aunque no de consultas médicas. CONCLUSIONES: Los sanitarios navarros diagnosticados de COVID-19 en 2020 y principios de 2021 refieren a los 3 y 6 meses peor valoración de su estado de salud, mayor limitación para las actividades habituales, más frecuente dolor de cabeza y problemas de salud mental, respecto a período prepandemia.

Estado de salud autopercibido del personal sanitario 3 y 6 meses después de infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) / Self-perceived health status in health workers 3 and 6 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)

Fundamentos: Pasado el período agudo de infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), pueden permanecer signos y síntomas multiorgánicos. Este estudio trató de comparar la percepción del estado de salud y las secuelas en los sanitarios navarros pasada la COVID-19, con la situación previa mediante Encuesta de Salud. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, mediante un cuestionario reducido de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2017 remitido a los sanitarios del Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, casos de COVID-19 pasados 3 y 6 meses, de abril a julio de 2021 y se comparó con 2017. Se describieron diferencias mediante medias, porcentajes y razón de prevalencia, con intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: De 938 encuestas enviadas, se recibieron 93 de 3 meses (46,3%) y 305 de 6 meses (41,4%), 87% de mujeres y 13% de hombres y 43 años de media de edad. El 64,3% fueron de enfermería y 19,1% de medicina. El porcentaje que valoró su estado de salud como bueno o muy bueno fue significativamente inferior a los 6 meses que sanitarios y población general en 2017 (70,2 % vs. 80,4% y 75,5%), mayor el de limitación para la actividad habitual (39,8% y 35,1% vs 18,3%), 2,7 veces más frecuente el dolor de cabeza y más los días de restricción de actividad (41,5 y 26,7 vs. 7,5) y en cama. Destacaron los problemas de salud mental, concentración (45,2% y 43,9%), pérdida de sueño (44,1% y 43,3%) y consumo de tranquilizantes y antidepresivos (2 y 3 veces más), aunque no de consultas médicas. Conclusiones: Los sanitarios navarros diagnosticados de COVID-19 en 2020 y principios de 2021 refieren a los 3 y 6 meses peor valoración de su estado de salud, mayor limitación para las actividades habituales, más frecuente dolor de cabeza y problemas de salud mental, respecto a período prepandemia.(AU)

Background: After the acute period of infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19), multirgan signs and symptoms may remain. This study tried to compare the perception of the state of health and the sequelae in Navarra-Osasunbidea health workers after COVID-19, with the previous situation through the Health Survey. Methods: Through a descriptive cross-sectional stuy, using a reduced questionnaire from the 2017 NationalHealth Survey sent to health workers from the Navarre-Osasunbidea Health Service COVID-19 cases after 3 and 6 months, from April to July 2021 and compared with 2017. Differences were described through means, percentages and prevalence ratio, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of 938 surveys sent, 93 of 3 months (46.3%) and 305 of 6 months (41.4%) were received, 87% of women and 13% of men and 43 years of average age and 64.3% were from nursing and 19.1% from medicine. The percentage that assessed their health status as good or very good was significantly lower at 6 months th an health workers and the general population in 2017 (70.2% vs 80.4% and 75.5%), the limitation for the habitual activity (39.8% and 35.1% vs 18.3%), headache 2.7 times more frequent, the days of activity restriction (41.5 and 26.7 vs 7.5) and on bed. Mental health problems, concentration (45.2% and 43.9%), loss of sleep (44.1% and 43.3%) and consumption of tranquilizers and antidepressants (2 and 3 times more) stood out, although not of medical consultations. Conclusions: Navarre health workers diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020 and early 2021 refer to the worst assessment of their health status at 3 and 6 months, greater limitation for usual activities, more frequent headaches and mental health problems, compared to the prepandemic period.(AU)

SARS-COV-2 seroprevalence among all healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been a critical and vulnerable population during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the overall seroprevalence and to evaluate occupational risk factors among HCWs in one of the countries most affected by this pandemic. METHODS: We conducted a seroprevalence study for SARS-CoV-2 in a tertiary hospital in Madrid (Spain) between 24 April and 8 May 2020. A total of 4894 HCWs were invited for serologic testing. Serum samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies using Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA) and Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) techniques. We calculated odds ratios to assess association between demographic and occupational characteristics with SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion. RESULTS: We processed 4324 serum samples. Overall, seroprevalence was of 16.6% (95% CI: 15.5-17.7). We found statistically significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence by type of employee, professional category, department and type of activity performed during the pandemic period, while no differences were identified between the personnel working in the COVID-19 wards compared to those working in non-COVID-19 wards. We confirmed 268 (26.7%) infections among 1005 hospital staff members tested by PCR. 60.5% of HCWs infected by SARS-CoV-2, assessed either by PCR or serology, could be considered asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: HCWs have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection but COVID-19 patient exposure was not a determining factor. Universal mask wearing should be mandatory in healthcare settings given the important number of asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic cases.

[Impact of the variability of criteria for the return to work of healthcare workers with COVID-19 disease: Multicenter study in Navarra, La Rioja and Galicia. March-September 2020.] / Impacto de la variabilidad de criterios para el retorno al trabajo del personal sanitario con enfermedad COVID-19: Estudio multicéntrico en Navarra, La Rioja y Galicia. Marzo-septiembre de 2020.

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has generated a great burden on health systems, and healthcare workers have been the most affected. In Spain, the Health Ministry issued common protocols regarding the return-to-work of healthcare workers presenting a negative PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test result and complete resolution of symptoms. Some autonomous communities decided to include a CT (Cycle Threshold) value criterion as well. The aim of this paper was to compare the time intervals required to obtain a negative PCR result by means of both criteria. METHODS: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed from March to September of 2020, in the health areas of Navarra, La Rioja and Vigo (Galicia), managed by their own Occupational Risk Prevention Units. The PCR negativization time intervals were analyzed according to gender, age, professional category and the PCR repetition criteria used (clinical or defined by CT). Mean difference calculation by Student's t-test and Kaplan-Meier survival analyzes were conducted. RESULTS: The sample amounted to a total of 1,052 workers: 673 from Navarra, 335 from La Rioja and 44 from Vigo, with an average age of 46 years, and of which 81% were women, 35.48% nursing personnel and 23.65% physicians. No statistically significant differences were found between the PCR negativization time periods with any of the variables, except with the CT criterion, which presented a mean of 6.49 days (95% CI, 4.96-8.02), longer and displaying positively displaced survival curves. CONCLUSIONS: The CT criterion for carrying out the control PCR test lengthened the reincorporation of essential personnel in the fight against the pandemic.

OBJETIVO: La pandemia de COVID-19 por el virus SARS-CoV-2 ha supuesto un gran compromiso de los sistemas sanitarios y sus profesionales han sido los más afectados. En España, desde el Ministerio de Sanidad se aprobaron protocolos comunes para la reincorporación laboral de los profesionales afectados con una prueba PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) negativa y resolución de síntomas. Algunas comunidades autónomas decidieron incorporar el umbral de ciclo o CT (Cycle Thresholdi>) para esta determinación. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el tiempo requerido para la negativización de la PCR según ambos criterios. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio multicéntrico transversal de marzo a septiembre de 2020, de los profesionales sanitarios de 3 áreas sanitarias, Navarra, La Rioja y Vigo (Galicia) atendidos por sus Servicios de Prevención de Riesgo Laborales. Se analizó la diferencia de tiempo de negativización de la PCR según edad y sexo, categoría profesional y criterio de repetición de PCR (CT o clínico). Se calcularon diferencia de medias mediante t-Student y Kaplan-Meier de análisis de supervivencia. RESULTADOS: La muestra comprendió 1.052 trabajadores, 673 de Navarra, 335 de La Rioja y 44 de Vigo (Galicia) de 46 años de media de edad, 81% mujeres, 35,48% de enfermería y 23,65% médicos. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el tiempo de negativización de la PCR con ninguna variable excepto con el criterio CT, de media 6,49 días (IC95% 4,96-8,02) más prolongado y curvas de supervivencia desplazadas positivamente. CONCLUSIONES: El criterio CT para la realización de la PCR de control para el retorno laboral supuso una prolongación en la reincorporación del personal esencial en la lucha contra la pandemia.

Microcirculatory Differences in Children With Congenital Heart Disease According to Cyanosis and Age.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Microcirculatory changes in CHD patients have previously been investigated using a variety of techniques. Handheld videomicroscopy enables non-invasive direct visualization of the microcirculatory bed. The aim of our study was to determine if there are microcirculatory differences among CHD patients based on age and the presence of cyanosis. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out. Patients with CHD undergoing corrective surgery were evaluated after anesthetic induction prior to surgery. Microcirculation was evaluated using sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging. Hemodynamics and respiratory, biochemical, and tissue perfusion parameters were analyzed. Results: A total of 30 patients were included, of whom 14 were classified as cyanotic and 16 as non-cyanotic. Cyanotic patients had a higher total vessel density (TVD) (p = 0.016), small vessel density (p = 0.004), and perfused small vessel density (p = 0.013), while their microvascular flow index (MFI) was lower (p = 0.013). After adjustment for age and PaO2, cyanotic patients showed increased TVD (p = 0.023), and small vessel density (p = 0.025) compared to non-cyanotic patients but there were no differences on the MFI. Age was directly correlated with total MFI (spearman's rho = 0.499, p = 0.005) and small vessel MFI (spearman's rho = 0.420, p = 0.021). After adjustment for the type of CHD (cyanotic vs. non-cyanotic) patients with MFI and small MFI vessels <3 were younger than those with values ≥3 (p = 0.033 and p = 0.037). Conclusions: SDF-based evaluation of microcirculation in CHD patients showed that patients with cyanotic defects had higher vascular density, as compared to patients with non-cyanotic defects. Younger patients were more likely to have a low MFI regardless of their type of CHD.

Joint status in Spanish haemophilia B patients assessed using the Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound (HEAD-US) score.

AIM: The use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) following protocols for haemophilic arthropathy and the Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound (HEAD-US) score can help standardize monitoring in haemophilia. This study evaluated the joint status (elbows, knees and ankles) of patients with haemophilia B (HB) in Spain using MSK-US and the HEAD-US score. METHODS: Haemophilia B patients ≥14 years old were included in this observational, multicentre, cross-sectional study, regardless of their clinical condition, HB severity and treatment received. Two blinded observers were involved in image acquisition and scoring in each centre. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients from 12 centres were enrolled: 27% mild HB, 23% moderate, 50% severe HB. Mean age was 38.9 ± 16.4 years, 60% were treated on demand (OD) and 40% were on prophylaxis. HEAD-US was zero in all joints in 28.6% OD patients and 36.4% on prophylaxis. Mean scores significantly worsened with HB severity, except for the left knee. Patients on primary and secondary prophylaxis had significantly better joint health vs OD patients in all joints, except the right ankle. Among OD patients, those with severe disease presented significantly worse scores in all HEAD-US items related to permanent damage. CONCLUSION: Joint status of HB patients in Spain is influenced by severity and treatment modality, related to the development of arthropathy, which appears prevalent in OD patients with severe HB. Routine assessment with an imaging tool such as ultrasound and HEAD-US system may help to improve joint health by personalizing and adjusting treatment in this population.

Sororidad en los procesos de envejecimiento femenino / Sorority in female aging processes

Resumen La sororidad engloba las prácticas de colaboración y soporte en las relaciones entre mujeres y es el espacio propicio para la construcción de nuevas formas de significar la vejez femenina. El objetivo de este estudio cualitativo fue describir y categorizar los tipos de configuraciones vinculares que se mantienen y los que se han transformado en pro a la sororidad en los procesos de envejecimiento femenino, por medio del análisis narrativo de una entrevista profunda grupal. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de implementar políticas y acciones en aras de disminuir el ageism con relación al envejecimiento de mujeres. La construcción de la sororidad ayuda en el empoderamiento colectivo en pro de su género. La sexualidad de la mujer mayor sigue siendo un tema pendiente en la agenda de la investigación y la discusión en los estudios feministas, lo que nos lleva a concluir que, a pesar de la existencia de diferencias individuales en los propios procesos de envejecimiento, las mujeres se experimentan y comparten en una misma condición histórica, por ello es en colectivo que la acción de la sororidad se pronuncia como vía en la generación de nuevas narrativas preferidas por las mujeres. Finalmente, se expone una propuesta para trabajar la percepción del cuerpo femenino en el proceso de envejecer, y la construcción de la sororidad, desde las prácticas narrativas de White y Epston.

Abstract Sorority encompasses the practices of collaboration and support in relations between women and is the propitious space for the construction of new ways to signify female old age. We present results of a qualitative study using focus groups, which aimed to describe and categorize the types of relational configurations that remain unchanged or change towards sorority in the female aging process. Findings describe the need to implement actions to reduce ageism, not only in terms of the experiences women go through, but also towards aging in general. One of the measures we can take is undoubtedly the construction of women circle sorority, which leads to collective empowerment of gender. The female body is a focus of attention in terms of what it lives and experiences, and the right to have love and sexuality throughout life is also highlighted. We then created an intervention proposal to work on the perception of the female body and its experience in the aging process. The proposed intervention is a workshop, based on the narrative model of Michael White and David Epston.

Internal and inter-rater reliability of the ASQ-3 in Mexican preschoolers / Confiabilidad interna e interevaluador del ASQ-3 en preescolares mexicanos

Abstract: Introduction: Monitoring child development includes the promotion of development in the healthy child and the detection of delays and early indicators of disorders that begin in the first five years of life through easy-to-use, easy to mark, and low-cost screening tests. Objective: To evaluate the internal reliability and inter-rater reliability of the ASQ-3 in Mexican preschool children. Method: The ASQ-3 was applied to parents and/or teachers of 33 - 60 month old children who attended the Centros de Desarrollo Infantil (Child Development Centers-CENDIS) in the public and private sectors of Mexico City. Results: A total of n = 1052 questionnaires were obtained, grouped into six age groups (33, 36, 42, 48, 54, and 60 months of age) according to the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3). The levels of reliability of the ASQ-3 for each of the age groups were acceptable, with a range of α = .77 to α = .88. Regarding inter-rater reliability (parents vs. teachers), moderate correlation levels were observed. Discussion and conclusion: The results obtained suggest that this is a screening instrument that reliably evaluates the five areas of development that make up the ASQ-3 in pre-school children. This represents an opportunity to continue studying the psychometric characteristics of validity of this instrument in representative samples of Mexican children to optimize the process of early childhood development monitoring.

Resumen: Introducción: La vigilancia del desarrollo infantil contempla la promoción del desarrollo en el niño sano y la detección de retrasos e indicadores tempranos de trastornos que se inician en los primeros cinco años de vida por medio de pruebas de tamizaje de fácil aplicación, calificación y de bajo costo. Objetivo: Evaluar la fiabilidad interna y confiabilidad interevaluador del Cuestionario de Edades y Etapas-3 (ASQ-3) en preescolares mexicanos. Método: Se aplicó el ASQ-3 a padres y/o tutores de niños de edades entre 33 y 60 meses que asistían a Estancias de Desarrollo Infantil (CENDIS) del sector público y privado de la Ciudad de México. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de n = 1052 cuestionarios, agrupados en seis grupos de edad (33, 36, 42, 48, 54 y 60 meses de edad) de acuerdo con el ASQ-3. Los niveles de confiabilidad de los ASQ-3 para cada uno de los grupos de edad fueron aceptables con un rango de α =. 77 a α =. 88. Respecto a la confiabilidad interevaluador (padres vs. maestros), se observaron niveles de correlación moderados. Discusión y conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que es un instrumento de tamizaje que evalúa de forma fidedigna las cinco áreas del desarrollo que conforman el ASQ-3 en los preescolares. Ello representa una oportunidad para seguir estudiando las características psicométricas de validez de este instrumento en muestras representativas de niños mexicanos con la finalidad de optimizar el proceso de vigilancia del desarrollo en edades tempranas.

"Entrenando a familias". Evaluación de un programa de optimización de actitudes parentales en un club de fútbol / No disponible

No disponible

Cervix tuberculosis simulating cancer / Tuberculosis de cérvix: simulando una neoplasia

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Prospective non-randomized study on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin in flexible urethrocystoscopy. / Estudio prospectivo no aleatorizado sobre el uso de profilaxis antibiótica en la uretrocistoscopia flexible.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to analyze whether there is a need for antibiotic prophylaxis in this outpatient procedure. METHODS: Prospective observational non-randomized study including 100 patients divided into two groups: - Group 1: 48 patients receiving 500 mg of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis 1 hour before urethrocystoscopy; - Group 2: 52 patients without antibiotic prophylaxis. Before inclusion of the patients in the study, we checked the absence of urinary tract infection by means of a urinalysis obtained 3 days before the procedure. We analyze: cystoscopy indication, cystoscopy results, presence of comorbidities, urinalysis 7 days after the procedure, and urinary symptoms within 7 days of the procedure. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 and the statistical significance was p=0.05. RESULTS: The average age of patients in group 1 was 66.7±12.4 versus 65.6±10.8 years in group 2 (p=0.6). There are no differences in the percentage of men/women included in the groups. 14% of patients of group 1 and 12% of group 2 presented bacteriuria, without showing any significant differences. In the multivariate study, it is observed that neither age, nor diabetes, smoking, lower urinary tract symptoms, nor immunosuppression are related with the onset of bacteriuria in the groups. CONCLUSION: We do not consider the use of ciprofloxacin as prophylaxis for flexible cystoscopy is appropriate in this area of health, since it does not reduce the presence of urinary infection or bacteriuria.

Estudio prospectivo no aleatorizado sobre el uso de profilaxis antibiótica en la uretrocistoscopia flexible / Prospective non-randomized study on the use of antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin in flexible urethrocystoscopy

OBJETIVO: La uretrocistoscopia flexible es un procedimiento que se realiza de rutina en urología para el seguimiento de tumores vesicales y como diagnóstico en pacientes con síntomas del tracto urinario inferior y hematuria entre otra sintomatología. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la necesidad o no de profilaxis antibiótica en este procedimiento ambulatorio. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional prospectivo no aleatorizado en el que se incluyen 100 pacientes divididos en dos grupos: - Grupo 1: 48 pacientes con profilaxis de 500 mg de ciprofloxacino 1 h antes de la uretrocistoscopia; - Grupo 2: 52 pacientes sin profilaxis antibiótica. Previamente a la inclusión en el estudio se comprueba ausencia de infección urinaria mediante urocultivo obtenido 3 días antes del procedimiento. Se analiza indicación de cistoscopia, resultado de cistoscopia, presencia de comorbilidades, urocultivo a los 7 días, síntomas urinarios durante los 7 días siguientes. Análisis estadístico con SPSS 20.0 y significación estadística p≤0,05. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los pacientes del grupo 1 fue de 66,7±12,4 años versus 65,6±10,8 años del grupo 2 (p = 0,6). No hubo diferencias en el porcentaje de hombres/mujeres incluidos entre los grupos. El 14% de los pacientes del grupo 1 presentó bacteriuria frente al 12% del grupo 2, sin diferencias significativas. En el estudio multivariante, se observa que ni la edad, diabetes, tabaquismo, síntomas del tracto urinario inferior ni inmunosupresión se relacionan con la aparición de bacteriuria entre grupos. CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de ciprofloxacino como profilaxis en la cistoscopia flexible no lo consideramos indicado en nuestra área de salud, ya que no disminuye la presencia de infección urinaria o bacteriuria

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to analyze whether there is a need for antibiotic prophylaxis in this outpatient procedure. METHODS: Prospective observational non-randomized study including 100 patients divided into two groups: - Group 1: 48 patients receiving 500 mg of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis 1 hour before urethrocystoscopy; - Group 2: 52 patients without antibiotic prophylaxis. Before inclusion of the patients in the study, we checked the absence of urinary tract infection by means of a urinalysis obtained 3 days before the procedure. We analyze: cystoscopy indication, cystoscopy results, presence of comorbidities, urinalysis 7 days after the procedure, and urinary symptoms within 7 days of the procedure. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 and the statistical significance was p≤0.05. RESULTS: The average age of patients in group 1 was 66.7±12.4 versus 65.6±10.8 years in group 2 (p = 0.6). There are no differences in the percentage of men/women included in the groups. 14% of patients of group 1 and 12% of group 2 presented bacteriuria, without showing any significant differences. In the multivariate study, it is observed that neither age, nor diabetes, smoking, lower urinary tract symptoms, nor immunosuppression are related with the onset of bacteriuria in the groups. CONCLUSION: We do not consider the use of ciprofloxacin as prophylaxis for flexible cystoscopy is appropriate in this area of health, since it does not reduce the presence of urinary infection or bacteriuria

Creencias sobre estereotipos de género de jóvenes universitarios del norte de México / Gender stereotypes of college students in northern Mexico

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las valoraciones sociales de género presentes en las creencias de la población estudiantil universitaria del norte de México, con el fin de conocer los cambios que se van produciendo en relación a este fenómeno. Se aplicó una escala de creencias estereotipadas de género a 1921 estudiantes de ambos sexos de dos universidades públicas del norte de México, localizadas en las ciudades de Hermosillo, Sonora y Saltillo, Coahuila. Se exploraron cinco dimensiones: feminidad/masculinidad, roles de maternidad/paternidad, sexualidad, competencias y capacidades y expresiones de emotividad/agresividad. Los resultados indican un mayor arraigo a posturas tradicionales en varones y en los estudiantes provenientes de la división académica de ingeniería. En general, los estudiantes de semestres avanzados tienen los mismos prejuicios de género que los de recién ingreso a la institución. Se recomienda transversalizar la perspectiva de género en las instituciones de educación superior a través de programas de sensibilización y capacitación.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the beliefs about social gender assessments in a college student population, in order to know the changes that these beliefs undergo. A sample of 1.921 students of both sexes of two public universities in northern Mexico, located in the cities of Hermosillo, Sonora and Saltillo, Coahuila, completed a scale of gender stereotyped beliefs. Five dimensions were explored: Femininity / masculinity, maternity / paternity roles, sexuality, skills and abilities, and expressions of emotion / aggression. The results indicate greater attachment to traditional positions in men and in Engineering students. In general, all students irrespective of semester have the same gender biases. It is recommended that the gender perspective be transversalised in higher education institutions through awareness and training programs.