ABSTRACT
Objetivo: describir el seguimiento de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular modificables (FRCM) de los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica (CI) en un centro de salud durante el primer año la pandemia por COVID-19. Material y métodos: estudio observacional ambispectivo de un centro de salud de Madrid.Participantes: pacientes diagnosticados de CI antes de 2020, > 45 años (n: 257).Seguimiento: del 13/03/2020 al 13/03/2021.Variables: sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, análisis de sangre (AS), colesterol asociado a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (c-LDL), exploración física (tensión arterial [TA] e índice de masa corporal [IMC]), eventos cardiovasculares (ECV) y fallecimiento en el seguimiento.Se realizó en tres períodos: situación basal: registro previo al inicio de la pandemia; primer período: del 13/03/2020 al 13/09/2020; segundo período: del 14/09/2020 al 13/03/2021. Datos obtenidos de la historia clínica electrónica. Análisis: STATA16.Resultados: se hizo el seguimiento de 257 pacientes (edad: 73,14 ± 0,7; 67,3% hombres) diagnosticados de CI hace 7 años (rango intercuartílico [RIC]: 4-14). AS (al 65,6% de los pacientes se les hizo análisis en el primer período versus al 20,6% en el segundo período del estudio), TA (57,5% versus 18,6%) e IMC (29,5% versus 7,7%). Mejoraron el c-LDL hasta 2,2 mg/dL, y el IMC, 0,6 kg/m2. Empeoró la TA sistólica hasta 6,3 mmHg y la diastólica 2,5 mmHg. Un 7,7% sufrió un ECV en el primer período y un 5,8% en el segundo. Fallecieron 9 pacientes durante el seguimiento.Conclusión: casi dos tercios de los pacientes con CI habían realizado seguimiento de LDL y TA en los 6 primeros meses tras el inicio de la pandemia. El número de seguimientos caía a 1/3 al año. El IMC fue la variable menos evaluada.(AU)
Aim: to report the follow up of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) of patients with ischaemic heart disease in a health centre during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: observational follow-up study of an ambispective cohort in a Madrid health centre. Subjects: patients with CHD prior to 2020, > 45 years (n:257). Follow up: from 13/03/2020 to 13/03/2021. Variables: sociodemographic, comorbidities, blood test (BT) (LDL-c), physical examination, (blood pressure [BP] and BMI), cardiovascular events (CVE), and death during follow up. Performed over three periods: baseline period: data before the pandemic commenced. First period: 13/03/2020-13/09/2020. Second period: 14/09/2020-13/03/2021. Data collection: electronic medical record. Analysis: STATA16.Results: a total of 257 patients with CHD was followed up (age: 73.14±0.7; 67.3% male). CHD diagnosis seven years ago (IQR:4-14). BT in 65.6% of patients in the first time period vs 20.6% in the second time period, BP 57.5% vs 18.6% and BMI 29.5% vs 7.7%. LDL-c and BMI improved during follow up to 2.2 mg/dL and 0.6 kg/m2, respectively. Systolic and diastolic BP worsened up to 6.3 mmHg and 2.5 mmHg, respectively. A total of 7.7% and 5.8% suffered a CVE in the first and second time periods, respectively. In all nine patients died during follow up.Conclusion: virtually two thirds of patients with CHD had undertaken LDL-c and BP follow up in the six months since the COVID-19 pandemic started. This number decreased to one third over the year. BMI was the least evaluated variable.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pandemics , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Myocardial Ischemia , Primary Health Care , Risk Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Spain , Heart DiseasesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients with COVID-19 are follow-up in primary care and long COVID is scarcely defined. The study aim was to describe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and cut-offs for defining long COVID in primary care follow-up patients. METHODS: A retrospective observational study in primary care in Madrid, Spain, was conducted. Data was collected during 6 months (April to September) in 2020, during COVID-19 first wave, from patients ≥ 18 years with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia diagnosed. Variables: sociodemographic, comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms and complications, laboratory test and chest X-ray. Descriptive statistics were used, mean (standard deviation (SD)) and medians (interquartile range (IQR)) respectively. Differences were detected applying X2 test, Student's T-test, ANOVA, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis depending on variable characteristics. RESULTS: 155 patients presented pneumonia in day 7.8 from the onset (79.4% were hospitalized, median length of 7.0 days (IQR: 3.0, 13.0)). After discharge, the follow-up lasted 54.0 median days (IQR 42.0, 88.0) and 12.2 mean (SD 6.4) phone calls were registered per patient. The main symptoms and their duration were: cough (41.9%, 12 days), dyspnoea (31.0%, 15 days), asthenia (26.5%, 21 days). Different cut-off points were applied for long COVID and week 4 was considered the best milestone (28.3% of the sample still had symptoms after week 4) versus week 12 (8.3%). Patients who still had symptoms >4 weeks follow-up took place over 81.0 days (IQR: 50.5, 103.0), their symptoms were more prevalent and lasted longer than those ≤ 4 weeks: cough (63.6% 30 days), dyspnoea (54.6%, 46 days), and asthenia (56.8%, 29 days). Embolism was more frequent in patients who still had symptoms >4 weeks than those with symptoms ≤4 weeks (9.1% vs 1.8%, p value 0.034). CONCLUSION: Most patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia recovered during the first 4 weeks from the beginning of the infection. The cut-off point to define long COVID, as persisting symptoms, should be between 4 to 12 weeks from the onset of the symptoms.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/complications , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Adult , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cities/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Post-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Possible cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were diagnosed in primary care in Madrid, some of these cases had pneumonia. Most of the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia published data came from hospitalised patients. This study set out to describe clinical characteristics of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia diagnosed in primary care across age groups and type of pneumonia. METHODS: Observational retrospective study obtaining clinical data from the electronic health records of patients who were followed-up by SARS-CoV-2 possible infection in a primary care practice in Madrid. All the cases were collected by in-person or remote consultation during the 10th March to the 7th of April. EXPOSURE: Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia by chest X-ray ordered by the GP. Main outcomes and measures: Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, physical examination and diagnostic tests as a blood test, nasopharyngeal swab results for RT-PCR (Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) and chest X-ray results. RESULTS: The overall SARS-CoV-2 pneumonias collected were 172 (female 87 [50.6%], mean age 60.5 years standard deviation [SD] 17.0). Comorbidities were body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 (90 [52.3%]), hypertension (83 [48.3%]), dyslipidaemia (68 [39.5%]) and diabetes (33 [19.2%]). The sample was stratified by age groups (< 50 years, 50-75 years and ≥ 75 years). Clinical manifestations at onset were fever (144 [83.7%]), cough (140 [81.4%]), dyspnoea (103 [59.9%]) and gastrointestinal disturbances (72 [41.9%]). Day 7.8 (SD:4.1) from clinical onset was the mean day of pneumonia diagnosis. Bilateral pneumonia was more prevalent than unilateral (126 [73.3%] and 46 [26.7%]). Patients with unilateral pneumonia were prone to higher pulse oximetry (96% vs 94%, p < 0.001). We found differences between unilateral and bilateral cases in C-reactive protein (29.6 vs 81.5 mg/L, p < 0.001), and lymphocytes (1400.0 vs 1000.0E3/ml, p < 0.001). Complications were registered: 42 (100%) of patients ≥ 75 years were admitted into hospital; pulmonary embolism was only present at bilateral pneumonia (7 patients [5.6%]) and death occurred in 1 patient with unilateral pneumonia (2.2%) vs 10 patients (7.9%) with bilateral pneumonia ( p 0.170). CONCLUSION: Clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were fever, cough and dyspnoea; this was especially clear in the elderly. We described different characteristics between unilateral and bilateral pneumonia.