Design of Two New Sulfur Derivatives of Perezone: In Silico Study Simulation Targeting PARP-1 and In Vitro Study Validation Using Cancer Cell Lines.

Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP-1) is an overexpressed enzyme in several carcinomas; consequently, the design of PARP-1 inhibitors has acquired special attention. Hence, in the present study, three compounds (8-10) were produced through a Michael addition protocol, using phenylmethanethiol, 5-fluoro-2-mercaptobenzyl alcohol, and 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid, respectively, as nucleophiles and perezone as the substrate, expecting them to be convenient candidates that inhibit PARP-1. It is convenient to note that in the first stage of the whole study, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the quantum chemistry studies of four secondary metabolites, i.e., perezone (1), perezone angelate (2), hydroxyperezone (3), and hydroxyperezone monoangelate (4), were performed, to investigate their interactions in the active site of PARP-1. Complementarily, a docking study of a set of eleven sulfur derivatives of perezone (5-15) was projected to explore novel compounds, with remarkable affinity to PARP-1. The molecules 8-10 provided the most adequate results; therefore, they were evaluated in vitro to determine their activity towards PARP-1, with 9 having the best IC50 (0.317 µM) value. Additionally, theoretical calculations were carried out using the density functional theory (DFT) with the hybrid method B3LYP with a set of base functions 6-311++G(d,p), and the reactivity properties were compared between the natural derivatives of perezone and the three synthesized compounds, and the obtained results exhibited that 9 has the best properties to bind with PARP-1. Finally, it is important to mention that 9 displays significant inhibitory activity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, i.e., 145.01 and 83.17 µM, respectively.

Novel phthalocyaninatobis(alkylcarboxylato)silicon(IV) compounds: NMR data and X-ray structures to study the spacing provided by long hydrocarbon tails that enhance their solubility.

The reaction between trans-PcSiCl2 (1) and the potassium salts of six fatty acids (2 a-2 f) led to the trans-PcSi[OOC(CH2)nCH3]2 compounds (3 a-3 f), which were characterised by elemental analysis, IR, UV/Vis and 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy. From a detailed study of the NMR spectra, the strong anisotropic currents of the Pc macrocycle were found to have an effect on up to the sixth methylenic group. As expected, the length of the hydrocarbon tail does not affect the chemical shift of the 29Si nucleus of any of the compounds, appearing at around -222.6. The structures of PcSi[OOC(CH2)nCH3]2, where n = 7, 10, 12, 13 and 20, were determined by X-ray crystallography. All the compounds were found to be triclinic with a P1 space group. In all cases the observed crystallographic pseudosymmetry is Ci and the asymmetric unit consists of half a molecule. The silicon atom is at the centre of a distorted octahedron and hence its coordination number is six. The carboxylate fragments are in a trans configuration with respect to the Pc macrocycle. The supramolecular structures are discussed in detail herein. The correlation between the 1H NMR chemical shifts and the position of the corresponding carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon tail reveals that the dicarboxylate substituents exhibit a spacer-like behaviour that enhances the solubility. A detailed study of the tail variable allowed us to evaluate the loss of radial shielding along the Pc2- ligand.

Mass spectrometric studies of cyclopentanol derivatives in the reductive coupling of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones assisted by samarium diiodide.

The mass spectrometric fragmentations of a series of cyclopentanol derivatives in positive fast-atom bombardment (FAB(+)) mode were investigated. The corresponding pathways proposed were confirmed by MS/MS data obtained using linked scans at constant B/E, high-resolution accurate mass data, and comparisons with corresponding information for a specifically deuterated molecule.