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1.
Nurs Res ; 73(2): 138-148, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38112624

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Patients on hemodialysis are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 and may have a reduced response to vaccination because of a decreased immune response. The nutritional status before or during the infection could also impact on the clinical effectiveness of vaccination. OBJECTIVES: We aim to describe the evolution of clinical and nutritional biomarkers of hemodialysis patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and to assess their association with vaccination status. METHODS: An observational, analytic, longitudinal, retrospective multicenter study was carried out in 82 patients on hemodialysis with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nutritional status was assessed using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), anthropometry, and biochemical parameters. The association of the vaccine doses with clinical- and nutritional-related variables was also evaluated. RESULTS: The percentage of vaccinated patients was similar to that of nonvaccinated patients. Before infection, most of the patients were malnourished. They presented lower albumin, creatinine, and urea levels than the well-nourished patients. Significant deterioration of nutritional status after infection was evidenced considering GNRI score, dry weight, and body mass index. Albumin and creatinine also decreased significantly after infection, whereas C-reactive protein increased in the acute phase. Significant inverse correlation was found between the variation of post-pre GNRI scores and basal albumin and C-reactive protein at 7 days. In addition, we observed the opposite trend between albumin at 30 days and basal cholesterol. A negative value in the GNRI variation was associated with bilateral pneumonia, need for hospitalization, and nutritional support. Vaccinated patients presented substantially less bilateral pneumonia and hospitalization. No significant effects were observed between vaccine doses and the variation in nutritional status, although a positive correlation was detected with the albumin at 7 days and C-reactive protein before infection and the number of vaccine doses received. DISCUSSION: COVID-19 is associated with affectations in the nutritional status and biomarkers in hemodialysis patients. In this study, vaccines have shown a protective effect against the clinical consequences of COVID. However, they have shown limitations in preventing the deterioration of nutritional status after infection. The results highlight the importance of promoting the vaccination in these patients as well as incorporating nutritional assessment before, during, and after the infection.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Vaccines , Humans , Aged , SARS-CoV-2 , C-Reactive Protein , Creatinine , COVID-19/prevention & control , Nutritional Status , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Biomarkers , Vaccination
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 38(4)jul.-ago. 2021. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-224526

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la desnutrición hospitalaria es un problema de alta prevalencia y continúa siendo a día de hoy una asignatura pendiente, ya que a menudo pasa desapercibida para el personal sanitario, con las consiguientes repercusiones clínicas negativas que esto conlleva. Objetivos: a) evaluar el estado nutricional al ingreso; b) conocer la evolución tras una semana de hospitalización; c) analizar la relación entre el estado nutricional y distintas variables clínicas (especialidades, edad, pérdida de peso corporal, estancia media, reingresos e interconsultas al servicio de endocrinología-nutrición). Métodos: estudio observacional, prospectivo, analítico y aleatorio de 260 pacientes de servicios médicos y quirúrgicos, evaluados nutricionalmente al ingreso y tras siete días de hospitalización mediante la VGS y la NRS-2002. Resultados: la prevalencia al ingreso según la VGS fue del 48 % y según la NRS-2002 del 38,5 %. Tras una semana de hospitalización, la prevalencia aumentó al 72,5 % y el 58,8 %, respectivamente. Tras siete días, en el 2-7,8 % mejoró el estado nutricional; en cambio, en el 16-27,5 % empeoró. La desnutrición al ingreso se asoció con estancias más prolongadas (6 días los normonutridos frente a 8 días los desnutridos); con una mayor edad (64 años los normonutridos frente a 71 años los desnutridos); con las especialidades médicas más que con las quirúrgicas (44-53 % vs. 20-32 %); con la pérdida de peso (al ingresar habían perdido 2,1 kg de media respecto al peso habitual y 0,9 kg tras siete días de hospitalización); y con los reingresos prematuros (8-11 % los normonutridos frente a 27 % los desnutridos), entre otros. Conclusiones: los resultados hallados nos ofrecen una panorámica de la desnutrición hospitalaria, mostrando cómo evolucionan nutricionalmente los pacientes durante los ingresos y cuáles son los momentos cruciales de actuación. Es sumamente importante que el personal sanitario se conciencie y tome medidas. (AU)


Introduction: hospital malnutrition is a highly prevalent problem and continues to be a pending issue today, often unnoticed by health personnel, with the negative clinical impact this entails. Objectives: a) to evaluate nutritional status upon admission; b) to assess the outcome after a week of hospitalization; c) to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and different clinical variables (specialty, age, body weight loss, length of stay, readmissions, and consultations to the endocrinology-nutrition department). Methods: an observational, prospective, analytical, randomized study in 260 patients from medical and surgical services, nutritionally evaluated on admission and after seven days of hospitalization using the SGA and NRS-2002. Results: prevalence at admission according to the SGA was 48 % and according to NRS-2002, 38.5 %. After a week of hospitalization it increased to 72.5 % and 58.8 %, respectively. After seven days, 2-7.8 % of subjects improved their nutritional status, while 16-27.5 % worsened. Malnutrition on admission was associated with longer stay (6 days for non-malnourished vs 8 days for malnourished); with older age (64 years for non-malnourished vs 71 years for malnourished); with medical vs surgical specialties (44-53 % vs 20-32 %); with weight loss (on admission they had lost 2.1 kg on average as compared to usual weight, and 0.9 kg after seven days of hospitalization); and with premature readmission (8-11 % for non-malnourished vs 27 % for malnourished), among others. Conclusions: the study's results offer an overview of hospital malnutrition, showing how patients evolve nutritionally during hospitalization, and which are the crucial moments for action. It is extremely important that health personnel will become aware and take action. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Aging
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 38(4): 780-789, 2021 Jul 29.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34080436

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: hospital malnutrition is a highly prevalent problem and continues to be a pending issue today, often unnoticed by health care workers, with the negative clinical impact this entails. Objectives: a) to evaluate nutritional status upon admission; b) to assess the outcome after a week of hospitalization; c) to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and different clinical variables (specialty, age, body weight loss, length of stay, readmissions, and consultations to the endocrinology-nutrition department). Methods: an observational, prospective, analytical, randomized study in 260 patients from medical and surgical services, nutritionally evaluated on admission and after seven days of hospitalization using the SGA and NRS-2002. Results: prevalence at admission according to the SGA was 48 % and according to NRS-2002, 38.5 %. After a week of hospitalization it increased to 72.5 % and 58.8 %, respectively. After seven days, 2-7.8 % of subjects improved their nutritional status, while 16-27.5 % worsened. Malnutrition on admission was associated with longer stay (6 days for non-malnourished vs 8 days for malnourished); with older age (64 years for non-malnourished vs 71 years for malnourished); with medical vs surgical specialties (44-53 % vs 20-32 %); with weight loss (on admission they had lost 2.1 kg on average as compared to usual weight, and 0.9 kg after seven days of hospitalization); and with premature readmission (8-11 % for non-malnourished vs 27 % for malnourished), among others. Conclusions: the study's results offer an overview of hospital malnutrition, showing how patients evolve nutritionally during hospitalization, and which are the crucial moments for action. It is extremely important that health care workers will become aware and take action.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la desnutrición hospitalaria es un problema de alta prevalencia y continúa siendo a día de hoy una asignatura pendiente, ya que a menudo pasa desapercibida para el personal sanitario, con las consiguientes repercusiones clínicas negativas que esto conlleva. Objetivos: a) evaluar el estado nutricional al ingreso; b) conocer la evolución tras una semana de hospitalización; c) analizar la relación entre el estado nutricional y distintas variables clínicas (especialidades, edad, pérdida de peso corporal, estancia media, reingresos e interconsultas al servicio de endocrinología-nutrición). Métodos: estudio observacional, prospectivo, analítico y aleatorio de 260 pacientes de servicios médicos y quirúrgicos, evaluados nutricionalmente al ingreso y tras siete días de hospitalización mediante la VGS y la NRS-2002. Resultados: la prevalencia al ingreso según la VGS fue del 48 % y según la NRS-2002 del 38,5 %. Tras una semana de hospitalización, la prevalencia aumentó al 72,5 % y el 58,8 %, respectivamente. Tras siete días, en el 2-7,8 % mejoró el estado nutricional; en cambio, en el 16-27,5 % empeoró. La desnutrición al ingreso se asoció con estancias más prolongadas (6 días los normonutridos frente a 8 días los desnutridos); con una mayor edad (64 años los normonutridos frente a 71 años los desnutridos); con las especialidades médicas más que con las quirúrgicas (44-53 % vs. 20-32 %); con la pérdida de peso (al ingresar habían perdido 2,1 kg de media respecto al peso habitual y 0,9 kg tras siete días de hospitalización); y con los reingresos prematuros (8-11 % los normonutridos frente a 27 % los desnutridos), entre otros. Conclusiones: los resultados hallados nos ofrecen una panorámica de la desnutrición hospitalaria, mostrando cómo evolucionan nutricionalmente los pacientes durante los ingresos y cuáles son los momentos cruciales de actuación. Es sumamente importante que el personal sanitario se conciencie y tome medidas.


Subject(s)
Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Outcome Assessment, Health Care/methods , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology
4.
Enferm. nefrol ; 21(2): 113-122, abr.-jun. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-174048

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los hospitales de día suponen una alternativa asistencial a la hospitalización convencional mejorando la eficacia de la asistencia sanitaria. Desde nuestro punto de vista, la nefrología se beneficiaria de esta modalidad de atención, ya que el paciente con enfermedad renal crónica tiene unas necesidades concretas de cuidado que conllevan al profesional de enfermería a generar una atención integral e individualizada. Por este motivo surge en nuestro servicio la creación de la Unidad Nefrológica de Atención Continuada. Objetivo: Presentar nuestra experiencia en la implantación y desarrollo de la Unidad Nefrológica de Atención Continuada en el Hospital Universitario del Henares. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la actividad realizada en la Unidad Nefrológica de Atención Continuada entre enero-junio de 2017. Desarrollo y puesta en marcha de las distintas funciones y competencias profesionales. Resultados: En este periodo se asistieron a un total de 874 pacientes, con una media de 145,6 visitas/mes. De todas estas visitas, se atendieron 474 pacientes en programa de Diálisis Peritoneal (55% del volumen total), 149 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (16%), 245 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada (18%) y 11 pacientes en tratamiento conservador (1%). Se realizaron diferentes técnicas, bien programadas en la agenda electrónica o a demanda. Conclusiones: La implantación de la Unidad Nefrológica de Atención Continuada, de forma estructurada y planificada, es una alternativa válida y necesaria en nuestro sistema sanitario. Permite aseguramos un abordaje integral de los pacientes renales y alcanzar una continuidad de cuidados con menor coste sanitario


Introduction: The daytime hospitals are an alternative to conventional hospitalization and improve the effectiveness of healthcare. From our point of view, nephrology is a specialty that should be able to benefit from this type of care, because chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have specific care needs that lead to the nursing professional to generate comprehensive and individualized care. For this reason, the creation of the Nephrological Unit for Continued Care (NUCA) arises in our service. Aim: To present our experience in the implantation and development of a NUCA in the University Hospital of Henares. Material and Method: Retrospective descriptive study of the activity carried out at NUCA between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2017. Development and implementation of different functions and professional competencies. Results: In this period, a total of 804 patients were attended, with an average of 145.6 visits per month. Of all these visits, 474 patients undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis (55% of total volume), 149 patients with CKD (16%), 245 patients with advanced CKD (18%) and 11 patients in conservative treatment (1%). Different techniques were carried out, either programmed by electronic agenda or by demand. Conclusions: The implantation of the NUCA, in a structured and planned way, is a valid and necessary alternative in our health system. It allows to ensure an integral approach to renal patients and achieve a continuity of care with lower healthcare costs


Subject(s)
Humans , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Nephrology Nursing/trends , Nursing Care/methods , Renal Replacement Therapy/nursing , Day Care, Medical/organization & administration , Retrospective Studies , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Catheters, Indwelling , Renal Dialysis/nursing , Peritoneal Dialysis/nursing
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