A Canadian longitudinal study of the associations between weight control status and lifestyle behaviors during adolescence.

This study aimed to estimate associations between weight control status (trying to lose, gain or maintain weight) and lifestyle behaviors (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time, and the consumption of breakfast, fast food, fruits and vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)) in adolescents. Data from 919 adolescents in the MATCH study, in New Brunswick, Canada, who self-reported their weight control status at least once within 24 data collection cycles over 8 years (from 2011 to 2019) and from 812 who provided data at least once over the 7 cycles on eating behaviors were used. Generalized estimating equations were used. At the first cycle, mean age was 11.3 (SD = 1.2) years old and 56% were girls. Trying to gain (ß = 0.47, CI = [0.15, 0.79]) and maintain weight (ß = 0.35, CI = [0.12, 0.57]) were positively associated with MVPA. Trying to lose weight was negatively associated with breakfast (IRR = 0.90, CI = [0.85, 0.94]) and positively associated with screen time (ß = 0.62, CI = [0.15, 1.10]), fruit and vegetable (IRR = 1.12, CI = [1.01, 1.25]) and SSB (IRR = 1.42, CI = [1.10, 1.84]). Changes from one weight control status to trying to lose weight were associated with increases in fast food consumption (ß = 0.49, CI = [0.15, 0.84]). Weight control status was associated with healthy and unhealthy behaviors in adolescents. Trying to gain or maintain weight was generally associated with more favorable health-related behaviors. Education on healthy weight management behaviors is needed to improve adolescents' health.

Is Better Understanding of Management Strategies for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Associated With a Lower Risk of Developing Hypoglycemia During and After Physical Activity?

BACKGROUND: We aim to determine how knowledge and type 1 diabetes (T1D) management strategies are associated with hypoglycemic risk for physical activity (PA)-induced hypoglycemia among people with T1D (PWT1D). METHODS: One hundred thirty-seven physically active adults with T1D completed diabetes management, PA habits and PA-associated hypoglycemia questionnaire. RESULTS: PA-associated hypoglycemia (during PA, within 1 hour of PA and overnight after PA) was reported by 49% to 61% of respondents, with 18% indicating that they felt inadequately equipped to perform regular PA safely. For during PA, more hypoglycemia was reported by PWT1D with more knowledge of hypoglycemia prevention strategies and those using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) vs multiple injections, those with decreasing basal rate 30 to 60 minutes before PA vs no adjustment before PA, and those taking snacks for unplanned PA vs no snacking. For within 1 hour after PA, more hypoglycemia was reported by PWT1D less knowledgeable about insulin pharmacokinetics and those practicing pre- vs post-dinner PA. For overnight after PA, more hypoglycemia was reported by PWT1D with shorter diabetes duration; CSII users having greater understanding of exercise-induced glucose fluctuations; those reporting reducing nocturnal insulin infusion rates vs no adjustment at night; those engaged in PA for at least 31 minutes; and those engaged in moderate and vigorous PA (vs light PA) as well as regularly performing interval training vs nonregular practice. Glycated hemoglobin and use of continuous glucose monitoring were not associated with any timing of reported PA-associated hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: PA-associated hypoglycemia is common among PWT1D. Greater knowledge of PA and T1D management is not associated with less PA-associated hypoglycemia. Diabetes management confidence could encourage higher tolerance for hypoglycemic risk.

Changes in Lifestyle Habits among Adolescent Girls after FitSpirit Participation.

Adolescence is a crucial time in the development and maintenance of lifestyle habits. Interventions to improve health-related behaviors are important, including those that can contribute to an increase in physical activity (PA). During adolescence, PA typically decreases with age, particularly in girls. The FitSpirit program offers services that help Canadian schools from Quebec and Ontario implement PA interventions for adolescent girls. This study aimed to evaluate changes in participants' PA levels and lifestyle habits (sedentary time, sleep duration and eating habits) and to assess whether these changes depended on adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Canada's Food Guide recommendations at enrollment. At the time of FitSpirit registration (between December 2018 and March 2019) and in May/June 2019, 73 participants answered online questionnaires. The participants reported improvements, with an increase in the number of days with PA and a decrease in daily consumption of sweets. The greatest changes were observed in those who did not adhere to the Canadian recommendations before enrollment and who significantly increased their number of days with PA and their consumption of fruits and vegetables, and decreased their screen time. In conclusion, participation in FitSpirit improved several health behaviors among adolescent girls, particularly those who did not comply with the Canadian recommendations at enrollment.