ABSTRACT
Today, one of the major challenges of dairy farmers is to reduce their environmental footprint to establish more effective, efficient, and sustainable production systems. Feed additives such as yeast probiotics could potentially allow them to achieve these objectives through the improvement of milk production, feed efficiency, and ration valorization, hence mitigating the environmental impacts of milk production. In this study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) principle was performed to estimate the environmental impact of the production and supplementation of a commercial yeast probiotic (Actisaf Sc 47) in three trials performed in three different countries that are representative for around 50% of the milk production in Europe: France (French trial), United Kingdom (UK trial), and Germany (German trial). For each trial, two groups of animals were compared: control, without Actisaf Sc 47 supplementation, used as baseline; and experimental, with Actisaf Sc 47 supplementation at 5 or 10 g/cow/day. Different impact categories were analyzed for each group to calculate the impact of producing 1 kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk. An initial analysis was done only during the period of Actisaf Sc 47 supplementation and showed than the supplementation with Actisaf Sc 47 reduced, on average by 5%, the carbon footprint during the three trials. A second analysis was done via the extrapolation of all the data of each trial to an annual farm level, including the lactation period (305 days), dry period (60 days), and the period with and without Actisaf Sc 47 supplementation. Reported at a farm annual scale, the average reduction allowed by Actisaf Sc 47 supplementation was 2.9, 2.05, 2.47, 1.67, 2.28, 2.18, 2.14, and 2.28% of the carbon footprint, land use, water use, resource use, acidification, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, and terrestrial eutrophication, respectively. On average, the production of 1 kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk by using Actisaf Sc 47 was shown to improve environmental impacts compared to control. Regarding Actisaf Sc 47 production, the LCA showed that the production of 1 kg of Actisaf Sc 47 emitted 2.1 kg CO2 eq with a negligible contribution to total the carbon footprint of milk ranging from 0.005 to 0.016%. The use of Actisaf Sc 47 in dairy cows could then result in different positive outcomes: improving performance and efficiency while reducing the global carbon footprint.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analisar a frequência de registros de óbito de idosos por diabetes mellitus (DM) no Brasil, nos anos de 1996 a 2021. Método: Estudo exploratório, comparativo, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram extraídos no Serviço de Informação sobre Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde (SIM/MS). Resultados: Foi identificado o universo de "1.020.672" registros de óbitos por DM, com média e desvio padrão (39.256,6±12.953). As maiores preponderâncias foram de 41,9% (n=427.586) da região Sudeste (SE), 19,4% (n=197.995) do estado de São Paulo (SP), 85,1% (n=868.576) dos óbitos foram por DM não especificada (CID10: E14), 36,2% (n=369.855) possuíam de 70 a 79 anos, 51,3% (n=523.101) eram de cor/raça "branca", 23,2% (n=237.279) não possuíam "nenhuma" escolarização, 37,9% (n=387.194) eram casadas(os), 68,2% (n=696.158) tiveram registro de óbito no hospital. Conclusão: Foi verificado aumento na frequência de registros de óbito de idosos por DM no recorte geográfico e histórico analisados.
Objective: Analyzing the frequency of death records of elderly individuals due to diabetes mellitus (DM) in Brazil, from 1996 to 2021. Method: Exploratory, comparative, descriptive, and quantitative study. Data were extracted from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health (SIM/MS). Results: A universe of "1,020,672" death records due to DM was identified, with a mean and standard deviation of (39,256.6±12,953). The highest prevalences were 41.9% (n=427,586) in the Southeast region (SE), 19.4% (n=197,995) in the state of São Paulo (SP), 85.1% (n=868,576) of deaths were due to unspecified DM (ICD-10: E14), 36.2% (n=369,855) were aged 70 to 79, 51.3% (n=523,101) were of "white" race/color, 23.2% (n=237,279) had "no" education, 37.9% (n=387,194) were married, and 68.2% (n=696,158) had a hospital death record. Conclusion: An increase in the frequency of death records of elderly individuals due to DM was observed in the analyzed geographical and historical context
Objetivo: Analizar la frecuencia de los registros de muerte de ancianos por diabetes mellitus (DM) en Brasil, de 1996 a 2021. Método: Estudio exploratorio, comparativo, descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo. Los datos fueron extraídos del Servicio de Información de Mortalidad del Ministerio de Salud (SIM/MS). Resultados: Se identificó un universo de "1.020.672" actas de defunción por DM, con media y desviación estándar (39.256,6±12.953). Las mayores prevalencias fueron 41,9% (n= 427.586) en la región Sudeste (SE), 19,4% (n=197.995) en el estado de São Paulo (SP), 85,1% (n=868.576) de las muertes fueron por DM no especificada (CID-10: E14), 36,2% (n=369.855) tenían entre 70 y 79 años, 51,3% (n= 523.101) eran de color/raza "blanca", 23,2% (n=237.279) tenían "ninguna" escolaridad, El 37,9 % (n=387.194) estaban casados, el 68,2% (n=696.158) tenían registro de defunción en el hospital. Conclusión: Hubo un aumento en la frecuencia de registros de muerte de ancianos por DM en el área geográfica e histórica analizada
Subject(s)
Aged , Mortality , Diabetes Mellitus , Noncommunicable DiseasesABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana in vitro e cicatrizante do óleo de buriti (M. flexuosa) em feridas realizadas em ratos (Rattus norvegicus albinus). Para a avaliação antibacteriana in vitro, foram utilizados cinco patógenos bacterianos incluindo espécies gram-positivas e espécies gram-negativas mediante o uso do método de difusão em ágar. Para a avaliação da atividade cicatrizante, foram utilizados 40 ratos da linhagem Wistar, divididos em dois grupos: o grupo I, composto por 20 ratos com feridas cutâneas, tratados com aplicação tópica do creme base com 10 por cento de óleo de buriti, e o grupo II, controle, com o mesmo número de animais que receberam a aplicação tópica do creme base. A aplicação do produto foi realizada em feridas padronizadas, circulares de 1cm de diâmetro na região dorsolombar. As avaliações clínica, morfométrica e histopatológica das feridas foram realizadas no 3°, 7°, 14° e 21° dias. Em relação à avaliação da atividade antibacteriana, os resultados mostraram que houve inibição do crescimento bacteriano em quatro dos cinco patógenos testados. Em relação à área da ferida, foi observada redução significativa da área no 14o dia e maior percentual de contração das feridas do grupo tratado em relação ao controle. No décimo quarto dia, as feridas tratadas com o óleo do buriti apresentavam aumento significativo na contagem de fibroblastos e fibras colágenas, além de completo processo de reepitelização, enquanto o grupo controle necessitava de mais tempo para resolução do processo cicatricial.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity and wound healing effect of buriti oil (M. flexuosa) in rats. To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, five species of bacteria, including both gram-negative and gram-positive, were tested by the agar diffusion method. To assess the wound healing effect, 40 rats of Wistar lineage were clustered into two groups: G1, composed by 20 rats with cutaneous wounds and treated using topic administration of basic cream containing 10 percent of buriti oil; and G2 or control group, composed by 20 rats with cutaneous wounds and treated using topic administration of basic cream without any buriti oil. The cream administration was performed on circular wounds of 1 cm area in the lumbodorsal region. Clinical, histopathologic and morphometric evaluations of the wounds were done in 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21th days. Four from five bacteria species tested had growing inhibition, which demonstrates the antimicrobial potential of buriti oil. A significant reduction on the wound area with contraction of the edges was found for G1 in the 14th day. On this same day, the wounds treated using buriti oil showed an increase in the fibroblasts and collagen fibers countings and complete reephitelialization, characteristics not demonstrated by G2.