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Introducción: La calidad de vida profesional (que incluye satisfacción y fatiga por compasión) y sus factores asociados, han sido poco explorados en cuidados paliativos (CP) en Latinoamérica. Objetivo: Determinar la calidad de vida profesional en CP y su relación con el autocuidado, la capacidad de atención plena y el sentido de vida. Método: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal. Participaron profesionales laborando en CP en Colombia. Se empleó el PROQOL para evaluar satisfacción por compasión (SC), Burnout y trauma secundario (TS), el PSCS para examinar autocuidado, el MAAS para examinar atención plena y la Escala dimensional de sentido de vida (EDSV). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, correlacionales y de regresión múltiple. Resultados: participaron 108 profesionales. Edad promedio 38 años, 55% médicos, 73% mujeres, 32,4% reportaron elevada afectación del bienestar por la Covid-19. El 85% obtuvieron puntuaciones medias o altas en SC, el 75,9% en Burnout y el 81,5% en TS (con medianas de 42.5, 21 y 12, respectivamente). Hubo una correlación positiva y significativa entre PSCS, MAAS y EDSV con SC, pero negativa y significativa con Burnout y TS. En conjunto, la SC, el MAAS y el autocuidado social tuvieron un efecto predictivo negativo sobre los niveles de Burnout (R2=0,535). Conclusiones: Aunque la mayoría de participantes están satisfechos con su labor, los índices de Burnout y TS fueron elevados durante el período de pandemia. El en conjunto, la satisfacción por compasión, la atención plena y el autocuidado social predijeron niveles menores de Burnout, indicando potenciales vías de apoyo para quienes ejercen CP (AU)
Introduction. Professional quality of life (involving compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue) and its related factors have been poorly explored in Palliative Care (PC). Objectives. To determine the professional quality of life of PC practitioners in Colombia and its relationship with self-care, mindfulness and meaning of life. Methods. Observational cross-sectional study. Practicing professionals of PC of Colombia were invited. Compassion Satisfaction (CS), Burnout, and Secondary Trauma (ST) were assessed using PROQOL; selfcare was examined using PSCS; MAAS was used to assess Mindfulness capacity, and the Dimensional Scale of sense of life (EDSV) was also employed. Descriptive correlational, and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results. One-hundred and eight participants participated; mean age of 38 years, 73% women, 32,4% indicated high impact on their wellbeing due to Covid-19; 85% of participants showed medium-high scores on CS, 75,9% on Burnout, and 81,5% on ST (median scores of 42.5, 21, and 12, respectively). Scores on PSCS, MAAS and EDSV positively and significantly correlated with CS, and were negatively and significantly related with Burnout and ST. Altogether, SC, MAAS and social selfcare had a negative predictive effect on Burnout levels (R2=0.538). Conclusion. Although most participants were satisfied with their jobs, scores on Burnout, and TS were high during the Pandemic. Together, compassion satisfaction, mindfulness and social selfcare were predictive of lower levels of Burnout, signaling potential lines of intervention for PC practitioners (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Burnout, Psychological/psychology , Job Satisfaction , Health Personnel/psychology , Palliative Care , Spirituality , Empathy , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción: en el contexto del trauma vascular, la ligadura de estructuras venosas periféricas es una prácticahabitual en su manejo, pero no está exenta de complicaciones y de secuelas; además, algunos estudios realizadosen las últimas guerras y en centros de trauma civil muestran los beneficios de realizar una reparación venosa. Casos clínicos: se presentan dos casos de traumas inciso-contusos en accidentes de tráfico en población pediátrica, uno de ellos con compromiso de la vena femoral común de forma aislada y un segundo caso con lesión de laarteria femoral superfi cial y de la vena femoral, ambos casos llevados a reconstrucción venosa con una evoluciónsatisfactoria. Discusión: aunque el manejo clásico de las lesiones venosas es la ligadura de la estructura, la literatura médica escontradictoria, ya que la evidencia actual sugiere una tendencia a favorecer la reconstrucción venosa. en pacienteshemodinámicamente inestables debe realizarse una ligadura o shunt de las grandes estructuras venosas; en lospacientes estables con lesiones en miembros inferiores, en especial los que presentan lesiones arteriales concomitantes, debe intentarse la reparación de la lesión venosa para disminuir el riesgo de amputación y las complicaciones secundarias a la hipertensión venosa.(AU)
Introduction: in the context of vascular trauma, the ligation of peripheral venous structures is a common practicein management, it is not exempt from complications and sequelae, in addition, some studies carried out in recentwars and in civilian trauma centers show benefits of performing a venous repair. Cases reports: two cases of blunt force trauma in traffic accidents in the pediatric population are presented, oneof them with isolated involvement of the common femoral vein and a second case with injury to the superficialfemoral artery and femoral vein, both cases led to venous reconstruction with an adequate outcome.Discussion: the classic management of venous injuries is the ligation of the structure, however, the current evidence has shown a tendency to favor venous reconstruction, but the current information is controversial. in hemodynamically unstable patients, a ligation or shunt of the large venous structures should be performed. in stablepatients with injuries to the lower limbs, especially those with concomitant arterial injuries, repair of the venous injury should be attempted to reduce the risk of amputation and complications secondary to venous hypertension.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Femoral Vein , Femoral Vein/injuries , Anastomosis, Surgical , Accidents, Traffic , Inpatients , Physical Examination , Symptom AssessmentABSTRACT
Introducción. La ingesta de cáusticos continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en los países en vía de desarrollo, por lo que a veces es necesario realizar un reemplazo esofágico en estos pacientes. Aún no existe una técnica estandarizada para este procedimiento. Caso clínico. Masculino de 10 años con estenosis esofágica por ingesta de cáusticos, quien no mejoró con las dilataciones endoscópicas. Se realizó un ascenso gástrico transhiatal por vía ortotópica mediante cirugía mínimamente invasiva como manejo quirúrgico definitivo .Discusión. Actualmente existen varios tipos de injertos usados en el reemplazo esofágico. La interposición colónica y gástrica son las que cuentan con mayores estudios, mostrando resultados similares. Conclusiones. La elección del tipo y posición del injerto debe ser individualizada, tomando en cuenta las características de las lesiones y la anatomía de cada paciente para aumentar la tasa de éxito.
Introduction. The ingestion of caustics continues to be a public health problem in developing countries, which is why sometimes is necessary to perform an esophageal replacement in these patients. There is still no standardized technique for this procedure. Clinical case. A 10-year-old male with esophageal stricture due to caustic ingestion, who did not improve with endoscopic dilations. A laparoscopic transhiatal gastric lift was performed orthotopically as definitive surgical management using minimally invasive surgery. Discussion. Currently there are several types of grafts used in esophageal replacement. Colonic and gastric interposition are the ones that have the most studies, showing similar results. Conclusions. Choice of type and position of the graft must be individualized, taking into account the characteristics of the lesions and anatomy of each patient, in order to increase the success rate.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pediatrics , Caustics , Esophagectomy , Esophageal Diseases , Esophageal Stenosis , EsophagusABSTRACT
Introduction: A high prevalence of advanced breast cancer (BC) is a common scenario in Latin America. In Peru, the frequency of BC at Stages III/IV is ≈50% despite implementation of a programme for breast cancer screening (BCS) along the country. We carried out a study to assess the feasibility and develop an instrument to evaluate the knowledge, barriers and perception about BCS in a nationwide pilot study in Peru among candidates for BCS. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of 2,558 reports indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline-Ovid and EMBASE, regarding to our study theme. In total, 111 were selected and a 51-items survey was developed (eight items about sociodemographic characteristics). Patients were recruited in public hospitals or private clinics, in rural and urban areas of nine departments of Peru. Results: We surveyed 488 women from: Lima (150), Cajamarca (93), Ica (59), Arequipa (56), Loreto (48), Ancash (38), Junín (15), Puerto Maldonado (15) and Huancavelica (14); 27.9% of them were from rural areas. The mean of age was 53.3 years (standard deviation ± 9.1). Regarding education level, 29.8% had primary, 33.2% secondary and 37.0% higher education. In total, 28.7% of women did not know the term 'mammogram' and 47.1% reported never receiving a BCS (36.9% from urban and 73.5% from rural population). In women that underwent BCS, only 67% knew it is for healthy women. In total, 54.1% of patients had low levels of knowledge about risk factors for BC (i.e. 87.5% of women respond that injuries in the breast produce cancer). Cultural, economic and geographic barriers were significantly associated with having a mammogram where 56.9% of participants considered a cost ≤ 7 USD as appropriate. Mammogram was perceived as too painful for 54.9% of women. In addition, women with a self-perception of low-risk for BC and a fatalistic perception of cancer were less likely to have a BCS. Conclusion: We found that it is feasible to conduct a large-scale study in Peru. The results of this pilot study highlight an urgent need of extensive education and awareness about BCS in Peru.
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Central venous disease (CVD) is a serious complication in hemodialysis patients. Neurological manifestations are rare. We describe a female with end-stage renal disease with throbbing headache accompanied by paresthesia, weakness, and abnormal posture of her right hand during dialysis sessions. Motor symptoms completely resolved after each dialysis session, although the headaches persisted for several hours. No neurological deficit was evidenced on physical examination. Digital subtraction angiography identified an incomplete thrombosis of the left brachiocephalic vein with retrograde flow in the internal jugular vein, sigmoid sinus, and transverse sinus on the left side. This case illustrates that cerebral venous congestion due to CVD can produce neurological symptoms. Furthermore, we systematically review the literature to identify the characteristics of the cases described so far. This allows clinicians to know the entity and have a high index of suspicion in a hemodialysis patient who develops neurological symptoms.
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OBJECTIVE: Examine the relationship between the positive aspects of care and the personal growth of caregivers of patients with advanced oncological illness. METHODS: This research was a quantitative study with a transversal design. One hundred (100) informal caregivers filled out self-applied questionnaire on resilience, aspects of care, emotional distress, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth. Descriptive statistics were applied to the data, later correlation, and regression, and comparative analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The participants were mainly women (86%) with an average care period of 12 months. The average age was 46.52 years. The highest scores were evidenced in positive aspects of caretaking, spirituality, personal growth, and distress, while the lowest score was seen in questions related to resilience. There was a negative inverse correlation among emotional distress, resilience, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth (p < .05) and a positive correlation among resilience, spirituality, posttraumatic growth, and the positive aspects of caretaking (p < .01). There were significant differences among the items related to emotional distress, resilience, and posttraumatic growth. The linear regression analysis showed that as resilience, spirituality, and the positive aspects of care increased, so did posttraumatic growth. SIGNIFICANT RESULTS: To promote the perception of benefits among caregivers, resilience and the identification of meaning in the caregiving experience of patients with advanced oncological illness can be considered protective factors favoring adaptation and reducing negative moods.
Subject(s)
Caregivers/psychology , Neoplasms/psychology , Neoplasms/therapy , Adaptation, Psychological , Empathy , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Regression Analysis , Spirituality , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of our study was to identify the influence of such psychological factors as emotional intelligence and perceived competence on caregiver burden in those who care for patients with advanced cancer. METHOD: A total of 50 informal caregivers completed self-report assessments of resilience, perceived competence, emotional regulation, positive aspects of care, emotional distress, and burden. We conducted a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Descriptive statistics were obtained. Associations between the different variables were assessed using nonparametric and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Participants were mainly female (88%) and had an average of 20 months of caregiving. Their mean age was 47 years (range = 20-79). More than half of scored high on resilience, positive aspects of caring, and emotional distress, moderately on perceived competence, and low on burden. Most caregivers used cognitive restructuring and social support as coping strategies. Inverse negative correlations were observed among emotional distress, emotional state, and burden with perceived competence and positive aspects of caring (p < 0.05). Significant differences were obtained for emotional distress, cognitive restructuring, and resiliency. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that perceived competence, resiliency, and positive aspects of caring were the main predictors of burden. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Resilience, perceived competence, emotional regulation, and positive aspects of care constitute protective factors against caregiver burden. Taken together, these aspects should be promoted by the healthcare staff in order to facilitate caregiver adaptation and well-being.
Subject(s)
Caregivers/psychology , Neoplasms/complications , Perception , Adult , Aged , Cost of Illness , Cross-Sectional Studies , Emotional Intelligence , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/psychology , Psychology , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Psychometrics/methods , Social Support , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Suffering is a complex experience. Identifying its predictors is useful to signal at-risk patients. OBJECTIVE: To identify suffering predictors in patients with advanced cancer in palliative care. METHODS: A total of 98 patients participated in the study. A semistructured interview examining suffering levels and physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects was used. Instruments included Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM), Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), Detection of emotional distress (DED), and Structured Interview of Symptoms and Concern (SISC). Variance-based structural equation model was used for the data analysis. RESULTS: All measures were valid and reliable. The structural model explained 64% of the variance. Suffering levels were directly determined by psychological and adjustment problems and indirectly determined by physical, psychological, and spiritual aspects and coping strategies. CONCLUSION: Our study supports the proposed theoretical model and signals the important mediating effect of psychological and spiritual variables between physical symptoms and suffering.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/psychology , Palliative Care/psychology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adaptation, Psychological , Female , Health Status , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Severity of Illness Index , Social Participation/psychology , Socioeconomic Factors , SpiritualityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study aims to adapt the Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure (PRISM), a practical, nonverbal method with strong psychometric properties, to Spanish and to explore its criterion validity in advanced cancer and palliative care (PC). METHODS: Of the consecutive advanced cancer patients attending a palliative care consultation, 209 were invited to participate. To examine criterion validity, correlations were calculated between the PRISM, the Detection of Emotional Distress scale (DED), the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), the Structured Interview of Symptoms and Concerns (SISC), and the suffering visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: Ninety-eight patients fulfilled inclusion criteria (mean age, 60 years; SD, 14.25; 57 % female). The most frequent types of cancer were lung, breast, and colorectal. Average time since diagnosis was 30 months (2.5 years). PRISM significantly correlated with the Suffering VAS, the DED, and the SISC. It also showed significant correlations with psychosocial factors such as emotional distress, anxiety, loss of control, and perceived coping and spiritual distress items such as loss of dignity and hopelessness, but not with items examining physical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The PRISM is a valid measure of suffering in advanced cancer patients. Its Spanish version fits adequately with current definitions and conceptualizations of suffering and may be used in PC settings. Further analysis of other psychometric properties in Spanish-speaking settings is recommended.
Subject(s)
Diagnostic Self Evaluation , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Psychometrics/methods , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Language , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/physiopathology , Neoplasms/psychology , Neoplasms/therapy , Pain Measurement/methods , Palliative Care , Reproducibility of Results , Severity of Illness Index , United States , Young AdultABSTRACT
La acrodermatitis enteropática, una patología de baja incidencia pero de gran relevancia clínica, debe ser reconocida rápida y acertadamente por dermatólogos y pediatras, con el fin de garantizar un tratamiento que controle la rápida progresión de las lesiones y las graves alteraciones sistémicas que pueden acompañar las manifestaciones cutáneas características de la enfermedad. Aunque fue descrita hace setenta años, tan sólo hasta hace quince se logró establecer que su etiología no era infecciosa y que se debía a una deficiencia de zinc, consecuencia de alteraciones genéticas en los trasportadores de este ión. Se reporta el caso de un paciente desnutrido, con baja talla para la edad, con retardo en el desarrollo psicomotor y graves lesiones en la piel, que ingresó al Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá luego de haber recibido en otras instituciones de salud múltiples tratamientos que empeoraron su sintomatología. Se sospechó desde el ingreso de acrodermatitis enteropática, la cual se confirmó con un riguroso examen, obteniéndose resolución total de las lesiones luego de tres semanas de iniciado el tratamiento...
Enteropathic achrodermatitis is of a low incidence but of a great clinical relevance, which must be recognized quickly and accurately by dermatologists and pediatricians, so that the treatment can be given to control the quick progression of the lesions and the serious systemic changes that may associate with the cutaneous signs characteristic of this disease. Although it was initially described 70 years ago, it as not until 15 years ago that it was established that it was not of an infectious etiology but rather due to a zinc deficiency as a consequence of a genetic alteration of the transport mechanism of the ion. This is the case of a malnourished patient, short stature for his age, delayed psychomotor development and severe skin lesions, who was admitted to the Hospital Militar Central de Bogota after being treated in other institutions with multiple therapies which worsened his symptoms. From the start it was suspected that this was enteropathic achrodermatitis, confirmed by thorough testing, and there was complete resolution of the lesions 3 weeks after the treatment was initiated...
O acarodermatites enteropática, uma patologia de incidência baixa mas da relevância clínica grande, deve ser acertada e rapidamente reconhecida por dermatologistas e por pediatras, com a finalidade de garantir um tratamento que possa controlar a progressão rápida das lesões e das alterações sérias sistêmicas que podem acompanhar as manifestações cutâneas características da doença. Embora foi descrita há setenta anos, só faz quinze se conseguiu estabelecer que a sua etiologia não era infecciosa e que se devia a uma deficiência do zinco, conseqüência de alterações genéticas nos transportadores deste íon. Reporta se caso de doente desnutrido, com baixa talha para a idade, retardo do desenvolvimento psicomotor e lesões importantes na pele, Ingresso no Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá após de ter recebido em outras instituições numerosos tratamentos da saúde que aumentarão sua sintomatologia. Suspeito-se no ingresso acarodermatites enteropática, que foi confirmado com um rigoroso exame, obtendo-se resolução total das lesões após três semanas do iniciado o tratamento...
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Acrodermatitis , Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic , ZincABSTRACT
Objetivo: Revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia acerca de la eficacia de administrar Pioglitazona para tratar la esteatohepatopatía no alcohólica en pacientes con intolerancia a la glucosaFuentes de datos: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, LILACS, ACP journal club, EBM, libros. Selección estudios: ensayos clínicos aleatorios que evaluarán la administración de Pioglitazona en pacientes con intolerancia a los carbohidratos comparados contra placebo u otro tratamiento que midiera la mejoría de la esteatohepatopatía noalcohólica Resultados: En esta revisión sistemática de la literatura se incluyeron sólo dos estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y se evaluaron los siguientes desenlaces: control glucémico y tolerancia a la glucosa, mostrando el aumento dela sensibilidad hepática a la insulina, el aumento en la depuración de glucosa y la disminución en la cantidad de ácidos grasos libres y de los niveles hepáticos de aspartato y alanino aminotranferasa; además se evidenció la mejoría histológica bajando el nivel en el contenido hepático de grasa mejorando así la esteatosis, la balonización y la inflamación...
Objective: To systematically asses the evidence about the effectiveness of prescribing pioglitazone to prevent non alcoholic esteatohepatitis in patient with glucose intolerance Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, LILACS, ACP journal club, EBM, books. Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials that evaluated the prescribing of pioglitazone to patient with carbohydrate intolerance compared against placebo or another treatment and the measured improvement of the non alcoholic esteatohepatistis picture.Main Results: A total of 2 studies were included in this systematic revision of the literature, and the following outcomes were evaluated: glicemic control and glucose tolerance, pioglitazone showed an increase in the hepatic sensibility to insulin, anincrease in the purification of glucose and a decrease in the quantity of free fatty acids, lowering of the hepatic levels of aspartate and alanin aminotransferase. Histologic improvement was also evidenced, diminishing the hepatic content of fat improving this way the steatosis, cytologic ballooning and the inflammation.
