ABSTRACT
Favolus is a monophyletic genus of polypores that causes white rot of various woody plants. The genus has a worldwide distribution and is ecologically and economically important. Several taxa have been described or reported from the Neotropics, and F. brasiliensis, described originally from Brazil, is the type species for the genus. Based on molecular investigations, F. brasiliensis is now known to represent a species complex. The species is morphologically and phylogenetically circumscribed and epitypified here, and F. rugulosus is proposed as a new related species. Favolus grammocephalus and Polyporus philippinensis, initially described from Asia, have also recently been recorded from the Neotropics, so these taxa were included in this investigation employing morphological and multigene (mitochondrial, ribosomal, and protein-coding regions) phylogenetic analyses. These latter two species do not occur in the Neotropics, but the misapplied names actually represent three new species: F. pseudogrammocephalus, F. radiatifibrillosus, and F. yanomami. Nine species of Favolus are documented now for the Neotropics. Detailed descriptions of F. brasiliensis and all new taxa are provided, along with comments, illustrations, a map of potential distribution, and a key for neotropical species of Favolus.
Subject(s)
Polyporaceae , Asia , Phylogeny , PolyporusABSTRACT
Objetivo: evaluar la utilidad clínica de la puntuación de las escalas HAS-BLED y CHA2DS-VASc para predecir los episodios de sangrado mayor y eventos cardiovasculares.Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio analítico de cohorte con la revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas y seguimiento de un año de evolución de los pacientes activos en el programa de anticoagulación de una institución de salud de alto nivel de complejidad. Resultados: se recolectó un total de 76 pacientes, el 56.6% de los cuales pertenecían al sexo femenino con un promedio de edad de 73.5 años. El riesgo para presentar un evento de sangrado mayor en los paciente que presentan un HAS-BLED en la categoria de alto riesgo es 2.09 veces mayor en comparación con las otras categorias de riesgo (RR: 3.09, IC 95%: 1.15 - 8.31). Conclusión: las escalas HAS-BLED y CHA2DS2-VASc continúan siendo importantes herramientas en la predicción de eventos hemorrágicos y tromboembólicos respectivamente; al igual que del CHA2DS2-VASc para eventos hemorrágicos..(AU)
Objective: to evaluate the clinical score usefulness of the HAS - BLED and CHA2DS - VASc scales to predict episodes of major bleeding and cardiovascular events. Materials and methods: an analytical study cohort was conducted with the retrospective review of medical records and following a year of evolution of active patients on anticoagulation program in a health center of high level of complexity. Results: a total of 76 patients were collected, 56.6% of whom were female, with a mean age of 73.5 years. The risk to present an event of major bleeding in patients who have a HAS-BLED in the category of high risk is 2.09 times higher compared to the other categories of risk (RR 3.09, 95% CI 1.15 - 8.31). Conclusions: HAS-BLED and the CHA2DS2-VAScscales remain as important tools in predicting bleeding and thromboembolic events respectively; like the CHA2DS2-VASc for bleeding events..(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Comprehensive Health CareABSTRACT
Polyporus dictyopus, with a large number of heterotypic synonyms, has been traditionally considered a species complex, characterized by wide morphological variation and geographic distribution. Thus, neotropical specimens previously identified as P. dictyopus from Amazonia, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes were studied based on detailed macro- and micromorphological examination and phylogenetic analyses, using distinct ribosomal and protein-coding genomic regions: the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nrLSU), and RNA polymerase II second subunit (RPB2). Two unrelated generic lineages, each one represented by different species, are reported: Atroporus is recovered and re-circumscribed to include A. diabolicus and A. rufoatratus comb. nov.; Neodictyopus gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate N. dictyopus comb. nov. and two new species, N. atlanticae and N. gugliottae. Our study showed that at least five distinct species were hidden under the name P. dictyopus. Detailed descriptions, pictures, illustrations, and a key are provided for Atroporus and Neodictyopus species.