[Epidemiological study of nocturnal enuresis: analysis of associated factors]. / Estudio epidemiológico sobre enuresis nocturna en escolares: análisis de factores asociados.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the different pathogenic factors in a large population of children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A transverse epidemiological study was performed. Schoolchildren in the province of Leon between 6 and 10 years of age were studied during the 1991-1992 academic year. A randomly chosen sample of 2,165 children was used. The study was carried out by means of an anonymous survey given to the children's parents by the school. RESULTS: In addition to family antecedents of enuresis, the main associated factors were the mother's cultural status, with enuresis more frequent if the status was low, and the child's birth order. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that certain family conditions favor the development of nocturnal enuresis.

[An epidemiological analysis of the sequence of bladder control and nocturnal enuresis prevalence in the children of the province of León]. / Análisis epidemiológico de la secuencia de control vesical y prevalencia de enuresis nocturna en niños de la provincia de León.

The objective of this study was to better understand the development of nocturnal bladder control in our population of children and to analyze the different factors that influence this process. A transversal epidemiological study in a randomly chosen sample of schoolchildren, between the ages of 6 and 10 years, in the province of Leon was performed. The study was carried out by means of an anonymous survey given to the children's parents through the school center. The survey was comprised of personal, environmental and sphincter control development questions. We define nocturnal enuresis as at least one wet night per month in children older than 6 years of age. Of the surveys distributed, 65.1% were answered. The prevalence of primary, secondary and total nocturnal enuresis was 10.18%, 2.91% and 13.09%, respectively, for children 6 years of age and 6.59%, 0.9% and 7.49%, respectively in 10 year old children. Among the children without nocturnal enuresis, in the event of family antecedents of nocturnal enuresis, in absence of toilet training, or when sphincter education was started later than 15 months of age, slower maturation of sphincter control was observed. We conclude, that the nocturnal enuresis prevalence is similar to that reported in other related countries and that bladder control maturation among children without bed-wetting tendencies is related to the educational attitude of the parents and family antecedents of nocturnal enuresis.

[Primary and secondary nocturnal enuresis. Are they different entities?]. / Enuresis nocturna primaria y secundaria. Son entidades diferentes?

The aim of this study was to know the prevalence and predominant factors of primary and secondary enuresis in schoolchildren. For this purpose, a randomized epidemiological study was performed on a representative sample of the general population of children, aged 6 and 10 years, living in the province of Leon. Their parents responded to a questionnaire that evaluated, in both forms of enuresis, what are the predominant factors, including: familiar, socioeconomic, personal, education and psychological factors. We found that in a selected population of 1,307 children, 171 presented nocturnal enuresis when they were 6 years old (13.09% +/- 0.93%). Of these, 133 had primary (10.18 +/- 0.84%) and 38 (2.91 +/- 0.46%) secondary enuresis. We found no significant differences between the two forms in regards to familiar, socioeconomic, personal education or psychological factors. The only differences were that in secondary enuresis, the parents were older (p < 0.05) and less education (p < 0.01) on the subject of bladder control, and a later onset of the same (p < 0.05), was given. We conclude that the prevalence of primary enuresis is 10.18% +/- 0.84% and that of secondary enuresis is 2.91% +/- 0.46%. We do not find clear differences that permit us to consider these two types of enuresis as different forms.

Varix of the heart causing outflow tract obstruction.

We report a case about a neonate who died of severe subaortic stenosis due to a giant vascular dilation of the left ventricular outflow tract. We emphasize the fatal result of this benign lesion and make differential diagnosis with haemangiomas and valvular blood cysts.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of newborn children.

We report a case of subcutaneous fat necrosis of a newborn child which appeared 9 days after birth and was cured without any complications. We propose the reclassification of the etiological factors accompanying this lesion by classifying them in a plurietiological syndrome with some basic or essential factors and other causative factors.