Interdental plaque reduction after use of different devices in young subjects with intact papilla: A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of 4 different oral hygiene regimens involving adjunctive interdental cleaning devices in unsupervised young subjects with intact interdental papilla. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty periodontally healthy subjects were randomly allocated to 4 groups following different oral hygiene regimens (T-7): use of manual toothbrush alone; manual toothbrush plus dental floss; manual toothbrush plus interdental brushes; and manual toothbrush plus rubber interdental picks. Oral hygiene instructions (OHI) were given. One week after (T0), professional supragingival scaling and polishing was performed, and subjects were then reseen every 2 weeks (T14 and T28). At T-7, T0, T14 and T28, full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS) and angulated bleeding index (AngBI) were taken. RESULTS: During the first week (T-7/T0 unclean phase), FMPS decreased significantly in all groups except the group using dental floss. At T28, a significant decrease in FMPS (P < .001, all groups) and FMBS (P < .05, all groups except the group using flossing P < .001) was noted. Interdental FMPS showed significantly lower values in subjects treated with interdental brushes or rubber interdental picks vs toothbrushing alone (P < .05). The use of interdental picks was associated with reduced interdental FMBS when compared to flossing (P < .05). CONCLUSION: In young subjects, with no interdental attachment loss, toothbrushing or toothbrushing and adjunctive interdental cleaning devices such as dental floss, interdental brushes or interdental rubber picks can significantly reduce both plaque and gingival inflammation. Use of interdental brushes or rubber picks reduces more interdental plaque in comparison with toothbrushing alone.

[A case of bat rabies in a cat in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina]. / Rabia debida a virus de murciélago en un gato de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

In the Central Laboratory of Public Health in Buenos Aires, rabies was detected in a cat that was brought in for diagnosis by its owners. The animal, which was displaying symptoms of the furious form of the disease, had attacked three people in the rural area of Chascomús, near the Rio de la Plata. All three of the people who had been bitten received the necessary treatment. The diagnosis was made using the fluorescent antibody test and the inoculation of mice and the results were communicated to the Zoonoses Division of the Ministry of Health. The virus was then typed at the Institute Pasteur of Buenos Aires using monoclonal antibodies, where it was found to be antigenic variant 4 of serotype 1, i.e., the type of virus usually found in insectivorous bats. This area has been free of the canine variant since 1984. This is the first known case in the province of Buenos Aires of a cat becoming infected with this type of virus. It confirms that there is a link between the air and terrestrial cycles of rabies in this area.

Riesgo primario de hemorragia por varices esofagicas en el cirrotico: significacion de los signos endoscopicos asociados y la reserva funcional hepatica / Primary risk of hemorrhage due to esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: significance of the associated endoscopic signs and hepatic functional reserve

Se analiza la significación de los signos endoscópicos asociados a las várices esofágicas, según la clasificación de la Sociedad Japonesa para la investigación de la Hipertensión Portal, y de la reserva funcional hepática, según la clasificación de Child-Pough, como elementos predictivos del sangrado varicoso en el cirrótico. Se estudiaron en forma cooperativa y según un protocolo de registro prospectivo 137 cirróticos portadores de várices esofágicas ingresados en el período mayo/87 - mayo/89 en forma consecutiva; 83 no habían presentado nunca hemorragia digestiva alta atribuíble a sus várices (grupo VENS), Y 54 presentaron un episodio reciente de este tipo (grupo VES). Se halló una asociación altamente significativa entre diámetro variceal superior a 3 mm (grados II-III) y sangrado: 96.3% vs. 34.9% en grupo VENS (p = 0.01); una asociación similar fue hallada respecto a la detección endoscópica de "signos rojos": 92.6% en el grupo VES vs. 20.5% en el grupo VENS (p = 0.01). Los "signos rojos" asentaron sobre várices grado II-III en 98.5%, y esta asociación presentó sangrado en 75.5%. El Grado de reserva funcional hepática no apareció directamente vinculado con el episodio hemorrágico, aunque en el grupo VENS se observó una creciente detección de "signos rojos" con el deterioro de la función hepática: 9.1% en Child A, 27,3% en B, y 41.2% en C (p = 0.01). La fuerte asociación hallada sugiere que la detección endoscópica de várices esofágicas francamente protruídas (grado II-III), diámetro superior a 3 mm), con presencia de "signos rojos", identifica a un grupo de cirróticos con alto riesgo de sangrado, posible de ser sometido a metodologías profilácticas (AU)

Riesgo primario de hemorragia por varices esofagicas en el cirrotico: significacion de los signos endoscopicos asociados y la reserva funcional hepatica / Primary risk of hemorrhage due to esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: significance of the associated endoscopic signs and hepatic functional reserve

Se analiza la significación de los signos endoscópicos asociados a las várices esofágicas, según la clasificación de la Sociedad Japonesa para la investigación de la Hipertensión Portal, y de la reserva funcional hepática, según la clasificación de Child-Pough, como elementos predictivos del sangrado varicoso en el cirrótico. Se estudiaron en forma cooperativa y según un protocolo de registro prospectivo 137 cirróticos portadores de várices esofágicas ingresados en el período mayo/87 - mayo/89 en forma consecutiva; 83 no habían presentado nunca hemorragia digestiva alta atribuíble a sus várices (grupo VENS), Y 54 presentaron un episodio reciente de este tipo (grupo VES). Se halló una asociación altamente significativa entre diámetro variceal superior a 3 mm (grados II-III) y sangrado: 96.3% vs. 34.9% en grupo VENS (p = 0.01); una asociación similar fue hallada respecto a la detección endoscópica de "signos rojos": 92.6% en el grupo VES vs. 20.5% en el grupo VENS (p = 0.01). Los "signos rojos" asentaron sobre várices grado II-III en 98.5%, y esta asociación presentó sangrado en 75.5%. El Grado de reserva funcional hepática no apareció directamente vinculado con el episodio hemorrágico, aunque en el grupo VENS se observó una creciente detección de "signos rojos" con el deterioro de la función hepática: 9.1% en Child A, 27,3% en B, y 41.2% en C (p = 0.01). La fuerte asociación hallada sugiere que la detección endoscópica de várices esofágicas francamente protruídas (grado II-III), diámetro superior a 3 mm), con presencia de "signos rojos", identifica a un grupo de cirróticos con alto riesgo de sangrado, posible de ser sometido a metodologías profilácticas

[Primary risk of hemorrhage due to esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: significance of the associated endoscopic signs and hepatic functional reserve]. / Riesgo primario de hemorragia por várices esofágicas en el cirrótico: significación de los signos endoscópicos asociados y la reserva funcional hepática.

Significance of endoscopic findings associated to esophageal varices (Japanese Research Society for Portal Hypertension) and hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pough classification) as predictive factors of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients is analyzed. In a cooperative prospective experience 137 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices were examined in the period May 1987/89: 83 out of them had never bled from their varices (VENS group) while 54 recently had (VES group). A highly significative association was found between variceal size over 3 mm (grade II-III) and bleeding: 96.3% vs. 34.9% in VENS group (p = 0.01); similar association was found with regard to endoscopic detection of "red signs": 92.6% in bleeding group vs. 20.5% in VENS one (p = 0.01). "Red signs" were found on grade II-III varices in 98.5% of cases, and this association were related to variceal bleeding in 75.5%. Hepatic dysfunction was not directly related to bleeding episodes but "red signs" endoscopic detection in VENS group increased with liver function deterioration: 9.1% in Child A class, 27.3% in Child B, and 41.2% in Child C (p = 0.01). The strong association founded between bleeding and both grade II-III variceal size and "red signs" detection, suggest the possibility to identify a high risk group of cirrhotic patients candidate to prophylactic methodologies.

Riesgo primario de hemorragia por várices esofágicas en el cirrótico: significación de los signos endoscópicos asociados y la reserva funcional hepática. / [Primary risk of hemorrhage due to esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: significance of the associated endoscopic signs and hepatic functional reserve]

Significance of endoscopic findings associated to esophageal varices (Japanese Research Society for Portal Hypertension) and hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pough classification) as predictive factors of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients is analyzed. In a cooperative prospective experience 137 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices were examined in the period May 1987/89: 83 out of them had never bled from their varices (VENS group) while 54 recently had (VES group). A highly significative association was found between variceal size over 3 mm (grade II-III) and bleeding: 96.3

vs. 34.9

in VENS group (p = 0.01); similar association was found with regard to endoscopic detection of [quot ]red signs[quot ]: 92.6

in bleeding group vs. 20.5

in VENS one (p = 0.01). [quot ]Red signs[quot ] were found on grade II-III varices in 98.5

of cases, and this association were related to variceal bleeding in 75.5

. Hepatic dysfunction was not directly related to bleeding episodes but [quot ]red signs[quot ] endoscopic detection in VENS group increased with liver function deterioration: 9.1

in Child A class, 27.3

in Child B, and 41.2

in Child C (p = 0.01). The strong association founded between bleeding and both grade II-III variceal size and [quot ]red signs[quot ] detection, suggest the possibility to identify a high risk group of cirrhotic patients candidate to prophylactic methodologies.

[Costa's acrokeratoelastoidosis. Apropos of a sporadic case]. / Acrocheratoelastoidosi di Costa. A proposito di un caso sporadico.

A sporadic case of acrokeratoelastoidosis is reported. It is very interesting one because it presents some peculiar data we have found such as the beginning at the age of 3 months, the rapid manifestation of the complete clinical aspect within the first year of life, the total involvement of palms and soles. Also so far the literature on the subject does not describe the microcirculatory district's ischaemic attitude, the reduction in elasticity of large and medium arteries.

Autoradiographic assessment of pineal gland glucose utilization and capillary permeability in the unanesthetized rat.

Pineal gland glucose utilization (GU) and capillary permeability (CP) were measured in unanesthetized rats, using complementary quantitative autoradiographic techniques. GU values within the pineal tissue were homogeneously distributed around 70 mumol of glucose/100 g each min, i.e., they were approximately 30% lower than in the cortical gray structures. The blood-to-brain transfer constant of [14C]-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, as an index of CP, was up to ten orders of magnitude higher than that for the rest of the brain. These measurements were carried out at that point in the circadian rhythm that corresponds to the minimum level of neurosecretory activity of the pineal gland.

[Determination of circulating antibodies in cutaneous leishmaniasis by immunofluorescence test]. / Determinazione degli anticorpi circolanti al test di immunofluorescenza nella leishmaniosi cutanea.

Using a gradient purified leishmania donovani infantum antigen, the sensitivity and specificity of the IIF test in detecting anti-leishmania antibodies are investigated. The "purified" antigen increases the specificity and sensitivity of the IIF test, at the same time, eliminating false positiviness caused by connective diseases, tuberculosis, etc.

Valoración de la terapéutica con endoprótesis esofágicas / Evaluation of the therapy with esophageal endoprosthesis

Se valora la terapéutica con endoprótesis esofágicas en 60 pacientes inoperables con patología de esófago, o de órganos vecinos con compromiso esofágico. Se describen las diferentes técnicas utilizadas para su implante. Las causas principales para su colocación fueron el Ca epidermoide de esófago en 48 opertunidades y el adenoc de estómago con invasión esofágica en 9. El 36,6% de las lesiones se encontraron en el tercio inferior. La perforación en 10 oportunidades y la broncoaspiración en 4 casos, fueron las causas más frecuentemente asociadas a morbimortalidad precoz. Todos los casos fueron tratados médicamente con una mortalidad de 16.9% (10 casos), ocupando el primer lugar en ellos la broncoaspiración. La recolocación endoscópica de la prótesis se constituyó en el tratamiento de elección en caso de perforación (AU)

Valoración de la terapéutica con endoprótesis esofágicas / Evaluation of the therapy with esophageal endoprosthesis

Se valora la terapéutica con endoprótesis esofágicas en 60 pacientes inoperables con patología de esófago, o de órganos vecinos con compromiso esofágico. Se describen las diferentes técnicas utilizadas para su implante. Las causas principales para su colocación fueron el Ca epidermoide de esófago en 48 opertunidades y el adenoc de estómago con invasión esofágica en 9. El 36,6% de las lesiones se encontraron en el tercio inferior. La perforación en 10 oportunidades y la broncoaspiración en 4 casos, fueron las causas más frecuentemente asociadas a morbimortalidad precoz. Todos los casos fueron tratados médicamente con una mortalidad de 16.9% (10 casos), ocupando el primer lugar en ellos la broncoaspiración. La recolocación endoscópica de la prótesis se constituyó en el tratamiento de elección en caso de perforación

[Evaluation of esophageal endoprosthesis]. / Valoración de la terapéutica con endoprótesis esofágicas.

In 60 patients with either non operable esophageal pathology on neighbouring organs pathology with esophageal involvement, esophageal endoprosthesis therapy was assessed. The various implantation techniques are described. Main causes for implantation were epidermoid esophageal carcinoma in 48 instances and gastric adenocarcinoma with esophageal involvement in 9 cases. The causes most frequently associated with early morbimortality were perforation in 4. All cases were medically treated with a 16.9% mortality rate (10 cases), due to broncoaspiration as main cause. Endoscopic reimplantation of the prosthesis was the treatment of choice in perforated cases.

Valoración de la terapéutica con endoprótesis esofágicas. / [Evaluation of esophageal endoprosthesis]

In 60 patients with either non operable esophageal pathology on neighbouring organs pathology with esophageal involvement, esophageal endoprosthesis therapy was assessed. The various implantation techniques are described. Main causes for implantation were epidermoid esophageal carcinoma in 48 instances and gastric adenocarcinoma with esophageal involvement in 9 cases. The causes most frequently associated with early morbimortality were perforation in 4. All cases were medically treated with a 16.9

mortality rate (10 cases), due to broncoaspiration as main cause. Endoscopic reimplantation of the prosthesis was the treatment of choice in perforated cases.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with sickle cell disease: a case report.

A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leukemic spread in a patient affected with homozygous sickle cell disease is reported. This association has not been previously described. A correlation between the malignancy and the hemoglobinopathy could not be etiologically ascertained; therefore, an alternative explanation to a chance event cannot be offered.

beta Thalassemia associated with increased HB F production. Evidence for the existence of a heterocellular hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) determinant linked to beta thalassemia in a southern Italian population.

A family has been observed in which a beta thalassemia determinant is inherited over three generations together with high Hb F level (8-12%) and increased number of fetal-hemoglobin-containing-cells (F-cells). The values of red cell indices and globin chain synthesis ratios, yet typical of beta thalassemia, were significantly shifted to the normal values when compared with those of typical beta thalassemia heterozygotes belonging to the same family group. The occurrence in these individuals of a heterocellular hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) determinant and its linkage relationship with the beta thalassemia is discussed. In the third generation two adult individuals were beta thalassemia homozygotes having inherited a beta thalassemia determinant from one parent and a beta thalassemia together with the HPFH determinant from the other. They showed an extremely mild clinical condition, and 11-12 g/dl of mainly Hb F without having ever required blood transfusions. Virtually all the red cells were F-cells in both subjects. The importance of the coexistence of HPFH determinants capable of increasing the size of the F-cell population in patients affected by homozygous thalassemia is discussed, considering the sensible benefit which derives from enhanced Hb F production in this syndrome.

Evidence for the existence of endotoxic activity in three strains of Moraxella.

The phenol extraction technique was used to obtain material with endotoxic activityfrom three strains of Moraxella. This material was subjected to partial purification. Biological activity was determined by inoculation of the extracts into the skinof rabbits, and noting the resultant skin reactions. Although containing some cellular contaminants such as nucleic acid from the extraction procedure, the endotin preparations showed biological activity in the microgram range. Killed but unextracted cellsalso elicited skil reactions when injected intradermally into the rabbit. A partial analysis of the biochemical components of the endotoxin revealed that these three strains contain endotoxin whose composition is similar in several respects to that of the endotoxins of the neisseriae and some of the enteric bacteria.