ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine former Brazilian high-performance volleyball athletes' perspectives on life skills learning and transfer through their experiences in sport. This qualitative study involved a narrative approach through composite vignettes. The creation of the composite vignettes included the most relevant life events and participants' perspectives through their accounts of the experience transformed in one unique voice. Participants were five former Brazilian high-performance volleyball athletes. Data were collected through rappaport timeline and semi-structured interviews. Findings showed athletes were able to learn and transfer life skills throughout their careers and later in life through an implicit approach to life skills development and transfer. The trials and tribulations of high-performance sport were, in these cases, used as life lessons that transformed into life skills used in athletes' lives beyond sport. Moving forward, more research is needed to understand the high-performance sport's role in life skills transfer and its implication for athletes' development across socio-cultural contexts.
Subject(s)
Volleyball , Athletes , Brazil , Humans , Learning , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
The present study aimed to investigate how team's tactical behavior varies within and between age categories in different Small-Sided and Conditioned Games' configurations and conditions. Twenty non-elite youth male soccer players (U15, n = 10, mean age = 13.5 ± 1.2 years; U17, n = 10, mean age = 16.3 ± 0.5 years) were selected. Thirty-six Small-Sided and Conditioned Games (SSCG) were played in both categories, namely three Representative SSCG (R-SSCG), three Maintaining Ball Possession Games (MBPG) and three Progression to Target Games (PTG) performed for each configuration (Gk+3vs3+Gk and Gk+4vs4+Gk). Teams' tactical behavior was analyzed based on simple and composite performance indicators, as well as through Lag Sequential Analysis. Rules manipulation and SSCG configurations influenced teams' tactical behavior on both categories, but in different ways. Teams composed by younger players presented greater difficulties in MBPG played in smaller games configuration, while Gk+4vs4+Gk configuration can be used to enhance teams' tactical performance of younger players in R-SSCG and MBPG conditions. Moreover, increasing rules manipulations appeared to negatively impact on teams' exploratory behavior. Therefore, practitioners should carefully manipulate key constraints to adapt task demands to players' age category and training session's goals in order to enhance tactical performance.
ABSTRACT
Draft is an annual event, which distributes players coming from college and overseas among a pool of eligible teams. Selecting a player in the draft is probably one of the most important decisions for NBA front offices. In this study we examined the relationships between NBA draft order of selection and career longevity between 1978 and 1998 using generalized additive models. Retrospective data of 1091 players selected in the NBA draft from 1978 to 1998 was considered. Data was extracted from the NBA official website (http://stats. nba.com/draft/history/) and from a specialized website in basketball (https://www.basketball-reference.com/). The variables considered for analysis were order of player's selection pick, years played in the league and the year of the NBA Draft. We assumed the possibility of non-linear patterns in the relations between Draft pick order, career longevity and years of draft selection, hence modeling these variables using a bivariate tensor spline. On average, players selected in the first five picks of the NBA had a longer career (~14 career years). Controlling for draft years, a non-linear trend of career longevity was observed with a decrease in the career longevity from the first pick until the 30th pick, leveling of thereafter. When accounting for draft pick, a non-linear trend was observed for career longevity per draft year. Career longevity increased between 1978 and 1985, leveling between 1985 and 1993 and increasing in the following years until 1998. Overall, the longevity of NBA careers has increased for players selected in the first picks of the NBA drafts of the most recent draft years
Draft es un evento anual, que distribuye a los jugadores procedentes de la universidad y del extranjero entre un grupo de equipos elegibles. La selección de un jugador en el draft es probablemente una de las decisiones más importantes para los directores de la NBA. El objetivo fue la asociación entre la longevidad de la carrera y el orden de selección en el draft de la NBA entre 1978 y 1998, adoptando un enfoque bayesiano multinivel. Para este estudio longitudinal retrospectivo, se recogieron datos de 1091 jugadores seleccionados en el draft de la NBA de 1978 a 1998, con edades comprendidas entre los 17.2 y los 27.3 años. A través del recurso oficial en línea de la liga profesional, el sitio (http://stats. nba.com/draft/history/) y el sitio web especializado en baloncesto (https://www.basketball-reference.com/). Las variables fueron el orden de selección del jugador, los años jugados en la liga y el año del Draft de la NBA. El promedio de años de los seleccionados en las primeras cinco selecciones de la NBA Draft tiene una carrera más larga (~ 14 años de carrera) y cuando las selecciones disminuyen hay una disminución en la longevidad de la carrera y desde la selección 25 los años de carrera se estabilizan (~ 4 años), este comportamiento se mantiene controlando el Año de Draft. Al controlar la selección del draft, podemos observar que hubo un crecimiento en el tiempo de la carrera a medida que pasaron los años, teniendo una estabilidad de los años 1990 a 1993. Por lo tanto, se vio que las primeras elecciones tienen más éxito en su carrera y los atletas tienen más longevidad en la carrera con el curso de los Draft anuales
Draft é um evento anual, que distribui jogadores vindos da faculdade e do exterior entre um grupo de equipes elegíveis. Selecionar um jogador no draft é provavelmente uma das decisões mais importantes para os diretores das franquias da NBA. O objetivo do estudo foi a associação entre longevidade na carreira e ordem de seleção no draft da NBA entre 1978 e 1998, adotando uma abordagem Bayesiana em vários níveis. Para este estudo longitudinal retrospectivo, foram coletados dados de 1091 jogadores selecionados no draft da NBA de 1978 a 1998, com idade de 17.2 a 27.3 anos. Através do recurso online oficial da liga profissional do site (http://stats.nba.com/draft/history/) e do site especializado em basquete (https://www.basketball-reference.com/). As variáveis analisadas foram ordem de seleção de jogador, anos jogados na liga e ano do Draft. Os atletas selecionados nas primeiras cinco escolhas da NBA tem uma média de carreira mais longa (~ 14 anos de carreira) e conforme a ordem das escolhas regridem, há uma diminuição na longevidade da carreira, ocorrendo, a partir da escolha 25, há uma estabilização na média de anos de carreira (~ 4 anos), esse comportamento é observado quando controlado o Ano do draft. Ao controlar a ordem da escolha do draft, podemos observar que houve um aumento nos anos de carreira com o passar dos anos, tendo uma estabilidade dos anos de 1990 a 1993. Assim, foi visto que as primeiras escolhas têm mais sucesso em sua carreira e os atletas têm maior longevidade na carreira conforme o passar dos Drafts
Subject(s)
Humans , Longevity , Basketball/physiology , Models, Theoretical , Bayes Theorem , Retrospective Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The selection of NBA players usually takes place through the NBA Draft. Assessment of players entering in the draft is made in the NBA pre-draft combine, where each athlete performs a battery of tests composed by body size and basketball-specific agility and power performance. Physiological performance is influenced by body dimensions, and in basketball size is highly valued. Thus, interpretation of performance needs to account appropriately for the influence of body size on performance. In this study we examined the influence of the body dimensions of the NBA Draft Combine test battery performance. Also we examined the validity of the ratio standards or allometric scaling to partition the influence of body dimensions on performance. The performance in the pre-draft assessment of the NBA among 405 athletes from 2010 to 2017 was considered. Players were aged 17.8 to 28.0 years (21.5 ± 1.46 years). Data was extracted from the NBA's Draft Combine website (https://stats. nba.com/draft/combine/). Correlations between adjusted scores against the size indicator were performed to examine the validity of the partition models. Substantial correlations between athletes' performance with body size descriptors were observed. Substantial negative correlations were observed between ratio standard adjusted performance and each size descriptor. Allometric adjusted performance presented no correlation with body size descriptors. Based on the performance of highly selected basketball players, the interpretation of basketball players needs to account appropriately for the influence of body dimensions using allometric scaling. Thus, ratio standards should not be used to account for the influence of body dimensions
La selección de jugadores de la NBA generalmente ocurre a través del Draft de la NBA. En la evaluación pre-draft, cada atleta realiza una batería de pruebas para evaluación de dimensiones corporales, habilidades específicas de baloncesto, y rendimiento de potencia. El rendimiento fisiológico es influenciado por las dimensiones corporales y, en el baloncesto, el tamaño corporal es altamente valorado. En este estudio, examinamos la influencia de las dimensiones corporales en la batería de pruebas de la NBA Draft Combine. También examinamos la validez de los patrones de razón o escala alométrica para dividir la influencia de las dimensiones corporales en el desempeño. El desempeño en la evaluación preliminar de la NBA de 405 atletas de 2010 a 2017 fue considerado. Los datos se extrajeron del sitio web de la Combinación de NBA (https://stats. nba.com/draft/combine/). Se realizaron correcciones entre las puntuaciones ajustadas contra el indicador de tamaño para examinar la validez de los modelos de partición. Se observaron correlaciones sustanciales entre el desempeño de los atletas con los descriptores de tamaño corporal. Se observaron correlaciones negativas sustanciales entre el rendimiento ajustado al índice de razón y cada descriptor de tamaño. El desempeño alométrico ajustado no presentó correlación con los descriptores de tamaño corporal. Con base en el rendimiento de jugadores de baloncesto, la interpretación de los jugadores de baloncesto debe responder adecuadamente a la influencia de las dimensiones corporales usando la escala alométrica. Así, los patrones de razón no deben ser usados para explicar la influencia de las dimensiones corporales
A seleção de jogadores da NBA geralmente acontece através do Draft da NBA. Na avaliação pré-draft, cada atleta realiza uma bateria de testes para avaliação de dimensões corporais, habilidades específicas de basquete, e desempenho de potência. O desempenho fisiológico é influenciado pelas dimensões corporais e, no basquete, o tamanho corporal é altamente valorizado. Neste estudo, examinamos a influência das dimensões corporais na bateria de testes da NBA Draft Combine. Também examinamos a validade dos padrões de razão ou escala alométrica para dividir a influência das dimensões corporais no desempenho. O desempenho na avaliação preliminar da NBA de 405 atletas de 2010 a 2017 foi considerado. Os dados foram extraídos do site da Draft Combine da NBA (https://stats.nba.com/draft/combine/). Correlações entre os escores ajustados contra o indicador de tamanho foram realizadas para examinar a validade dos modelos de partição. Correlações substanciais entre o desempenho dos atletas com os descritores de tamanho corporal foram observadas. Correlações negativas substanciais foram observadas entre o desempenho ajustado ao índice de razão e cada descritor de tamanho. O desempenho alométrico ajustado não apresentou correlação com os descritores de tamanho corporal. Com base no desempenho de jogadores de basquete, a interpretação dos jogadores de basquete precisa responder adequadamente à influência das dimensões corporais usando a escala alométrica. Assim, os padrões de razão não devem ser usados para explicar a influência das dimensões corporais
