ABSTRACT
The yak is an agricultural animal with strong disease resistance in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Immune organs are directly involved in the body's immune response and protect it from external aggression. In this study, we characterized and evaluated the main markers of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-17a, hypoxia inducer factor-1 (HIF-1)α, and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and hemal nodes of adult yaks using network informatics, molecular cloning, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and western blotting. We first cloned the IL-1ß and IL-17a mRNA of yaks. A significant feature was the higher IL-1ß and IL-17a expression in the lymph nodes than in the spleen, hemal nodes, and thymus. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed that IL-1ß and IL-17a cells were mainly located in the paracortex area of the lymph nodes and the T-cell-dependent area in the hemal nodes and spleen. Several HIF-1α proteins were detected in the cortex of the hemal nodes mantle, while HSP90 was detected in the lymphoid nodules of the hemal nodes and lymph nodes. This study sheds light on the relationship between the morphology and function of these organs and provides an important reference for studies on the participation of yak immune organs in immune responses.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the correlation between MDR1 gene polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance (CR) in Hui patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: The study includes 204 Ningxia Hui patients with CHD who were treated with PCI. These patients were divided into two groups: those who with CR and others were non-clopidogrel resistant (NCR), according to the results of the patients' platelet aggregation rate, which was tested by adenosine diphosphate-induced turbidimetry on the second postoperative day. C3435T and C1236T genotypes and alleles were tested by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS: The CR rate was 24.0%, and there were 3 genotypes of C3435T and C1236T. For C3435T, the distribution frequency of the 3435TT genotype and T allele was significantly higher in the CR group than in the NCR group. For C1236T, no significant difference was found between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Hui patients who had CHD were treated with PCI. CR was most likely to occur in those who had the T allele of MDR1 in gene C3435T.
ABSTRACT
Quantitative aspects of infrared thermographic detection of water in aviation honeycomb panels are discussed in the framework of both 1D analytical and 3D numerical models. A criterion for the transition from 3D to 1D test geometry is introduced, and the influence of the honeycomb cell structure on the modeling results is demonstrated. Optimal test conditions are formulated both theoretically and experimentally in two practical cases where the force of gravity causes the water to be against the facesheet at the bottom of the cells or where a water gap separates the water from the top facesheet.