Cation-Anion Dual Doping Modifying Electronic Structure of Hollow CoP Nanoboxes for Enhanced Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis.

Tuning the electronic state of a nanocatalyst is of vital importance for elevating its catalytic performance toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a cation-anion dual doping strategy has been proposed for modifying the electronic structure of CoP via doping Fe and S atoms. Impressively, Fe doping has been demonstrated to be favorable for improving the carrier density of CoP to produce more hydroxyl radicals (•OH), while S doping can further modify the electronic structure of CoP to improve the charge-transfer characteristics, thereby synergistically decreasing the energy barrier for the transformation of O* to OOH* and promoting the electrocatalytic OER performance. More importantly, the highly open nanobox structure is also beneficial for the exposure of more accessible catalytically active sites, which can substantially facilitate the electron and mass transport, leading to the superb catalytic OER performance. The successful modulation of OER performance via dual-doping strategy will pose a new strategy for designing more advanced nanocatalysts for energy-related catalysis process.

JUE Insight: The geography of pandemic containment.

How does interconnectedness affect the course of a pandemic? What are the optimal containment policies in an economy with connected regions? We embed a spatial SIR model into a multi-sector quantitative trade model. We calibrate it to US states and the COVID-19 pandemic and find that interconnectedness increases the death toll by 146,200 lives. State-level policies that reduce within-state economic activity mitigate welfare losses by more than a uniform national policy or a policy that only reduces mobility between states. The optimal policy in mitigating welfare losses generated by the pandemic combines local within- and between-state restrictions and saves 289,300 lives, despite significantly exacerbating economic losses and imposing mobility restrictions across states. Different timing of policies across states is key to minimize welfare losses. States like South Carolina might have imposed internal lockdowns too early but travel restrictions too late.