Necrotizing fasciitis after total abdominal hysterectomy: A case report.

RATIONALE: Necrotizing fasciitis is rapidly progressive infection with high mortality rate. This study aimed to summarize the clinical and pathological presentation of this case. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 46-year-old woman patient presented to our emergency department of an obstetric and gynecology clinic on the 8th day after total abdominal hysterectomy. The abdominal wall showed pronounced signs of inflammation. Abundant purulent content was oozing from the abdominal wound. DIAGNOSES: The patient underwent surgery. Areas of necrosis were observed on the skin around the wound, the subcutaneous fatty tissue was necrotic around the incision site, and the fascia was completely dehisced. INTERVENTIONS: Wound debridement and flap cutting of the anterior abdominal wall were performed. Metronidazole, ceftriaxone, and vancomycin were administered intravenously. A plastic surgeon suggested daily debridement and toileting of the wound in the operating room. Swabs of the abdominal cavity, abscess cavity, and abdominal wound were obtained, and Enterococcus faecalis was isolated. After the negativism of microbiological swabs, excochleation of granulation tissue was performed by a plastic surgeon. OUTCOMES: Nineteen days after the relaparotomy, the patient was discharged in good general condition with advice for further monitoring and therapy. LESSONS: Successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis can be achieved through an initial diagnosis, adequate debridement, empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage, and multidisciplinary treatment.

Manifestation of an undifferentiated uterine sarcoma in a 51 years old patient and its prognosis: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Undifferentiated uterine sarcoma is a rare histological subtype of uterine sarcoma. This study aimed to summarize the clinical and pathological presentation of this case. CASE REPORT: A 51-years-old patient was admitted to the clinic because of severe pain in the lower abdomen, and scanty bleeding from the genitals. Gynecological examination revealed an enlarged uterus. Conventional and Doppler transvaginal sonography detected a tumorously altered uterus with a maximum diameter of 20 cm a tumefaction with unclear borders and a diameter of 10 cm, with hyperechoic and hypoechoic fields within the tumefaction, presenting pathological vascularization and reduced values of the (Pulsatile index  ≤ 1) and (Resistance index  ≤ 0.40). Preoperatively, the chest, abdomen, and pelvis were examined. The patient underwent surgery and total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and partial omentectomy, with complete removal of the tumor. A pathohistological diagnosis, of undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, was made by excluding other types of uterine sarcomas. At the control examination after completion of chemotherapy, recurrence was ascertained. CONCLUSION: undifferentiated uterine sarcoma is an aggressive malignant tumor that in most cases shows rapid progression of the disease after complete resection of the tumor, with a poor prognosis.

RADICAL HYSTERECTOMY IN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF INVASIVE CERVICAL CANCER AT THE DEPARTMENT OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS IN NOVI SAD IN THE PERIOD 1993-2013.

INTRODUCTION: During the period from 1993 - 2013, 175 women with invasive cervical cancer underwent radical hysterectomy sec. Wertheim-Meigs at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. Indications for radical hysterectomy comprise histopathologically confirmed invasive cervical cancer in stages I B 1- II B according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Stage ofthe disease or extent of the disease spread to the adjacent structures was assessed in accordance with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system from 2009. Exclusion criteria were all other stages of this disease: I A and stages higher than II B, as well as the absence of definite histological confirmation of the cervical cancer (primary endometrial or vaginal cancer which infiltrates the uterine cervix). Prior the operation, the following had to be done: the imaging of pelvis and abdomen, chest X-ray in two directions, electrocardiography, internist and anesthesiological examination. RESULTS: The patients' age ranged from 24-79 years (x : 46 years), and the operation duration was 120-300 minutes (x : 210 min.). Stage I B 1 was found in 64.6% of operated patients, 14.8% of the patients were in stage I B 2, 9.1% were in stage II A and 11.4% were in stage II B. Blood loss during the operation ranged from 50-800 ml (on average 300 ml), and the number ofremoved lymph nodes per operation was 14-75 (x : 32). Intraoperative and postoperative complications developed in 6.8% of and 17.7% of patients, respectively. Recurrence was reported in 22(12.5%) patients, most often in paraaortic lymph nodes (3.4%) and parametria (2.8%), while the overall 5-year survival rate was 87% until 2008. CONCLUISION: Wertheim-Meigs radical hysterectomy is a basic surgical technique for the treatment of initial stages of invasive cervical cancer.

ENERGY SYSTEMS IN SURGERY.

INTRODUCTION: The systems of energy in surgery are applied in order to achieve better and more effective performing of procedures. Whereas various energy sources, including electricity, ultrasound, laser and argon gas, may be used, the fundamental principle involves tissue necrosis and hemostasis by heating. ELECTRO SURGERY: Electro Surgery is a surgical technique by which surgical procedures are performed by focused heating of the tissue using devices based on high-frequency currents. It represents one of the most frequently used energy systems in laparoscopy. ULTRASOUND ENERGY: The basic principle of operation of the ultrasound surgical instruments is the usage of low-frequency mechanic vibrations (ultrasound energy within the range of 20-60 kHz) for cutting and coagulation of tissue. LASER: Laser is the abbreviation for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, aimed at increasing light by stimulated emission of radiation and it is the name of the instrument which generates coherent beam of light. ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION: It has been in use since 1991 for endoscopic hemostasis. It uses high-frequency electric current and ionized gas argon. The successful application of devices depends on the type of surgical procedure, training of the surgeon and his knowledge about the device. Surgeons do not agree on the choice of device which would be optimal for a certain procedure. CONCLUSION: The whole team in the operating room must have the basic knowledge of the way an energy system works so as to provide a safe and effective treatment of patients. The advantages and shortcomings of different systems of energy have to be taken into account while we use a special mode.

Surgical treatment of invasive vulvar cancer.

This paper presents the surgical treatment of invasive cancer of the vulva at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics inNovi Sad in the period from 2000 to 2010. Forty-one patients underwent different surgical procedures depending on their stage of the disease, age and general physical condition assessed according to the International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians: wide excision to the healthy area with negative edges of 10 mm, simplex--radical vulvectomy or hemivulvectomy, block dissection of the vulva by Way, one-sided or bilateral lymphadenectomy and skin-muscle flap to cover the resulting skin defects. The number of removed lymph nodes on one side ranged from 8 to 19, the average being 12.6. Various postoperative complications (inflammation and wound dehiscence, lymphorrhoea, lymphocyst and limb lymphedema) developed in 9 (21.9%) and the local regional recurrence was recorded in 7 (17%) patients. The outcome was lethal in 4 (9.8%) surgically treated women. The primary surgical procedure is always individually planned and the choice of individual plans depends on three main factors: the size and position of the primary tumor in relation to the center line of the vulva (clitoral area--anus) and the involvement of regional lymph nodes. In order to reduce the psychosexual morbidity the preference is nowadays widely given to the local excision with adequate and histopathologically confirmed negative edges of the tumor together with determining the presence of metastases in sentinel lymph nodes.

Obturator approach in the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence using tension-free transvaginal tape.

The study reviews the surgical treatment results of urinary stress incontinence in the group of 51 female patients, in whom the tension-free transvaginal tape was placed beneath the middle part of urethra using obturator approach during the period from 2005 to 2009. The method of surgery applied in all patients was obturator approach ("inside-out" method sec. de Leval), using a synthetic tension-free transvaginal prolen tape. After the sub-urethral tunnel had been created by scissors, the obturator membrane was perforated, then the placement of wing guides followed, through which helical needles with synthetic tape were brought to the skin. The following complications were observed in 8 (15.7%) patients: erosion of tape in 2 (3.9%), urine retention in 2 (3.9%), bleeding from the site of incision in 1 (1.9%) and transitory leg pain in 3 (5.8%) cases. Two years after the surgery, 43 (84.3%) patients were dry, 4 (7.8%) patients showed a significant improvement, while the recurrence was recorded in 4 (7.8%) operated patients.

[Preoperative preparation of patients for gynecologic operations].

INTRODUCTION: A surgical treatment is stressful for a patient and its risks and complications can be fatal. The preoperative preparation is an important step when performing a surgical treatment and it is carried out in a precisely determined order. I GETTING INFORMATION ON THE PROBLEM AND PREVIOUS EXAMINATIONS: It starts with taking the medical history, the first meeting and conversation between the patient and the gynecologist. A set of questions is devised to get information about the patient's problem. Status praesens reflects the present condition of the patient, other diseases, medicaments in use. Laboratory analyses (blood count, urine, liver enzymes, electrolytes, proteins) and other methods (ultrasound, x-ray, CT, MR) are done. An operation should be decided on only after all conservative methods have been used and the informed consent must be obtained from the patient. II PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION: A team consisting of an anesthesiologist, internist and other specialists, if needed, is to get insight into the patient's general health condition, decide on the application of antibiotics before the operation and on the prevention of thrombo-embolism and prepare the patient by disinfecting the region to be operated and placing Foley catheter into the bladder. CONCLUSION: The aim is to minimize possible intra and postoperative complications and to maximize the prospect of successful surgical treatment. Prior to the operation an estimation must be done whether the patient can safely bear the risks of the planned operation, the precise diagnosis must be made and possible intraoperative surprises must be minimized. The decision whether to operate or not should be made if at least one of the following reasons is present: to relieve the patient of the pain and suffering, to save her life or to correct the existing deformity. If none of these three reasons is present, the operation should be carried out.