Growth, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT studies, physicochemical characterization, and cytotoxicity assays of novel organic triphosphate.

A novel organic-inorganic hybrid compound, named (1-phenylpiperazinium) trihydrogen triphosphate, with the formula (C10H15N2)2H3P3O10 has been obtained by low speed of evaporation of a mixture of an alcoholic solution of 1-phenylpiperazine and triphosphoric acid H5P3O10 at room temperature after using the ion exchange chemical procedure. To carry out a detailed crystallographic structure analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction has been reported. In the molecular arrangement, the different entities are held together through N-H…O, O-H…O, and C-H…O hydrogen bonds, building up a three-dimensional packing. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis is acquired to confirm the purity of the product. The nature and the proportion of intermolecular interactions were investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis. In order to support the experimental results, a density functional theory (DFT) calculation was performed, using the Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) function with LANL2DZ basis set, and the data indicate much agreement between the experimental and the theoretical results. Thus, the physicochemical properties were studied employing a variety of techniques (FTIR, NMR, UV-visible, and photoluminescence). To get an insight of the possible employment of the present material in biology, cell viability assays were performed.

Detección de adenovirus en niños menores de 5 años con síndrome diarreico: Estado Zulia-Venezuela / Adenovirus Detection in Children Under 5 Years With Diarrheal Syndrome: State of Zulia, Venezuela

Las diarreas son una de las principales causas de enfermedad infantil en todo el mundo, especialmente en países en vías desarrollo, en donde las enfermedades diarreicas representan un factor muy importante de mortalidad infantil, alcanzando, principalmente, a menores de 5 años de edad. Se calcula que los adenovirus pueden ser el segundo agente causal de las diarreas agudas después del rotavirus y que contribuye entre el 5 y 20% de los niños hospitalizados por diarrea. El objetivo del estudio fue detectar la presencia de adenovirus entéricos 40 y 41, utilizando la técnica de PCR en muestras de heces diarreicas de 190 niños de ambos sexos, menores de 5 años de edad, de diferentes municipios y centros de salud del estado Zulia, recolectadas en el periodo de Enero de 2011 a Noviembre 2013. Se encontró un 22,10% (42/190) de positividad en las muestras estudiadas, lo que demostró que este virus es causa de gran parte de los casos de diarreas en los niños. Según la procedencia el mayor número de casos estuvo en el Municipio Jesús Enrique Lossada con un 28,57%. Adenovirus predominó en el grupo lactante menor con un 52,38% (22/127), con diferencias significativas (p<0,05) con el resto de los grupos etarios. El sexo masculino fue el más afectado con un 57,14% (24/92) con respecto al femenino. La relación en cuanto a positividad para el virus y las manifestaciones clínicas, se destacan, diarrea en 42/42 (100%), seguido de vómitos 28/42 (73,80%). El presente estudio indica que adenovirus 40 y 41 son agentes etiológicos importantes de las diarreas en la población infantil estudiada.

Diarrhea is one of the main causes of childhood illness worldwide, especially in developing countries, where diarrheal diseases represent a very important factor in infant mortality, reaching primarily, those under 5 years. It is estimated that adenoviruses can be the second causal agent for acute diarrhea after rotaviruses and that they contribute between 5 and 20% of the children hospitalized for diarrhea. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 using the PCR technique in diarrheal stool samples of 190 children of both sexes under 5 years old. Different municipalities and health centres in Zulia collected samples from January, 2011, to November, 2013. The study found 22.10% (42/190) positive reactions in the samples studied, demonstrating that this virus causes a great part of the diarrheal cases in children. According to source, the highest number of cases was in the Jesus Enrique Lossada municipality with 28.57%. Adenovirus dominated the nursing infant group with 52.38% (22/127), showing significant differences (p<0.05) when compared to other age groups. Males were the most affected with 57.14% (24/92) compared to females. The ratio in terms of virus positivity and clinical manifestations evidenced diarrhea in 42/42 (100%), followed by vomiting 28/42 (73.80%). The present study indicates that adenoviruses 40 and 41 are important etiological agents for diarrhea in the child population studied.

Synthesis of ranolazine derivatives containing the (1S,4S)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane moiety and their evaluation as vasodilating agents.

Two diazabicyclic analogues of ranolazine, (S,S,S)-5 and (S,S,R)-5, and their epimeric mixture were synthesized. Furthermore, their vasomotor effects on rat aorta rings precontracted with phenylephrine were analyzed. These compounds showed vasodilating effects significantly greater than ranolazine. The vasodilating activities of these analogues have two components, one that depends on the endothelium, due to the release of NO, and another one due to a direct effect on the vascular smooth muscle. The compounds [(S,S,S)(S,S,R)]-5 and (S,S,R)-5 induce, in a manner similar to ranolazine, the release of a prostanoid from the cyclooxygenase pathway, whose vasoconstrictor effect is masked by the predominant vasodilation induced by these compounds.

Cross-sex hormonal replacement: is this really effective? an experimental clue.

Castrated rats of either sex were used in this work, and sex hormones of their own gender or cross-sex hormones were administered for 4 months. Animals were then put through 5 min of myocardial ischemia followed by a 5-min reperfusion injury. Electrocardiographic recordings were made and serum was obtained. Sex hormone levels were measured. Cardiac frequency was calculated, arterial pressure was determined, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARs) were analyzed. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured in homogenized hearts; besides this, five hearts of each experimental group were obtained and fixed for histopathologic analysis. In male rats with estradiol replacement, the incidence of tachyarrhythmias and CK levels were higher when compared to the rest of the animals. Their cytokine levels were also elevated when compared to the group that received testosterone. Estradiol replacement protected female rats from variations in all of the parameters evaluated, whereas testosterone did not show a protective effect. In the presence of testosterone, the incidence of tachyarrhythmia was higher and TBARs, cytokines, CK, and LDH levels were also elevated. The results shown reinforce the idea that cross-sex hormone administration can damage the cardiovascular system.

Efectos de la infección in vitro de células monocítico-macrofágicaspor Chlamydia y su relación con los valores de lípidos / Effects in vitro of Chlamydia infection on monocitic-macrophagic cells and its relationship with lipid levels

Introducción: La célula mononuclear-fagocítica es un elemento celular clave en el proceso aterogénico. El monocito forma parte trascendental del proceso inflamatorio característico del inicio y desarrollo de la placa de ateroma. Por otra parte, la infiltración celular es también un elemento que debe tenerse en cuenta en el proceso inflamatorio cuando se ha considerado la asociación entre arteriosclerosis e infección. En la teoría infecciosa los gérmenes más frecuentemente asociados a la patología vascular han sido Citomegalovirus, Helicobacter y Chlamydia. En el presente trabajo nos ha interesado evaluar las características del comportamiento celular en cultivos de células implicadas en el proceso aterogénico infectadas con Chlamydia. Material y métodos: Se han empleado células endoteliales humanas establecidas (células Hep-2), células mononucleares establecidas (células THP-1) y cultivos primarios de monocitos procedentes de sangre periférica de voluntarios. Resultados: Todos los cultivos celulares son fácilmente infectados por Chlamydia. No obstante, sus efectos son distintos dependiendo del tipo celular. Cuando se ha comparado el efecto de sueros normo e hiperlipidémicos en los cultivos de células mononucleares infectadas con Chlamydia, se ha podido comprobar que el efecto que provoca la infección es amortiguado porla existencia de valores elevados de lípidos plasmáticos (AU)

Introduction: The mononuclear-fagocitic cellular type is a key element during the atherogenicprocess. The monocyte takes a transcendental role in the inflammatory process that is relevant at the onset and subsequent development of atheroma plaque. Otherwise, the cellular infiltration is a key feature to consider during the inflammatory process that we can found related with the atherosclerosis/infection association. According with the infectious explanation of atherosclerosis, microorganism more frequent associated with vascular pathology has been: Citomegalovirus, Helicobacter and Chlamydia. In the present paper we are interested to evaluate the characteristics and cellular behaviour of cultures of cells related with atherogenic process that has been previously infected with Chlamydia. Material and methods: We have analized established human endothelial cells (Hep-2 cells),established mononuclear cells (THP-1 cells) and primary cultures of monocytes from blood health volunteers. Results: All of cells types has been easily infected by Chlamydia. Nevertheless, the effects are different according with the different cells types. When we have compared the effect of nor moor hyperlipidemic serum specimens over the cultures of infected mononuclear cells it is possible o show that the effect of infection is amortiguated by the presence of high serum levels oflipids (AU)

Ventrículo único en un paciente de 5 meses, reporte de un caso / Single ventricle in a patient 5 months, a case report

Las cardiopatías congénitas tienen una incidencia de aproximadamente 1 de cada 100 recién nacidos. Alrededor de la mitad de los niños afectados mueren durante el primer año de vida si no se trata. El corazón univentricular es una de ellas, que se caracteriza por la presencia de solo una cavidad ventricular. El 80% de los pacientes, desde el punto de vista morfológico, presentan un ventrículo único semejante a la cavidad ventricular izquierda, separada de una cavidad infundibular de salida por un tabique bulboventricular. En esta anomalía la sangre venosa sistémica y pulmonar se mezcla en la cámara ventricular, dando como resultado la hipoxia general del paciente e insuficiencia cardíaca. Presentamos el caso clínico,de un infante de 6 meses de edad con presencia de esta cardiopatía y otras patologías asociadas a esta malformación congénita.

Congenital heart defects have an incidence of approximately 1 of 100 newborns.About half of affected children die during the first year of life if those are untreated. Univentricular heart is one of them, characterized by the presence of only one ventricular cavity: 80% of patients, from the morphological point of view, present a single ventricle similar to left ventricular cavity, separate from an infundibular cavity output by a bulboventricular partition. In this anomaly the pulmonary and systemic venous blood is mixed into the ventricular chamber, resulting in the patients general hypoxia and heart failure. We report the case of an infant of 6 months of age with presence of this disease and other pathologies associated with this malformation.

Oxidative addition of Pd0 to Ar-SO2R bonds: heck-type reactions of sulfones.

[reaction: see text] Phenyl vinyl sulfones and sulfoxides react with Pd(OAc)(2) to form styryl sulfoxides and sulfones according to the first Mizoroki-Heck reaction reported for these thio derivatives. Only sulfones are able to react by using catalytic amounts of Pd (up to 1 mol %) in the presence of Ag(2)CO(3). 1,2-Diphenylsulfonyl ethenes, alkynylphenyl sulfones, and other sulfones, less prone to act as acceptors in the Heck-type reactions, can transfer the aryl group to alkyl acrylates forming cinnamic esters.

Privileged structure based ligands for melanocortin-4 receptors--aliphatic piperazine derivatives.

Aliphatic carbocyclic replacement of the benzyl group of compound 1 yielded compounds with high affinity for the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). Compounds with a cyclohexyl group showed a consistent high affinity, while different polar groups with less basicity were good replacements for the original diethyl amines. Substitution of the polar group found in these privileged structures with an aliphatic moiety produced compounds with high affinity for MC4R.

Privileged structure based ligands for melanocortin receptors--substituted benzylic piperazine derivatives.

Replacement of the aryl piperazine moiety in compound 1 with a variety of substituted benzylic piperazines (6) yields compounds that afford melanocortin receptor 4 (MCR4) activity. Analogs with ortho substitution on the aromatic ring afforded the highest affinity. Resolution of the stereocenter of the benzylic piperazine based privileged structure revealed that the R-enantiomer was more active.