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1.
Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiquiatr ; 30(106): 193-218, abr.-jun. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-79312

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Contribuir a la reflexión sobre la etiología y/o los factores de riesgo para las psicosis comparando la prevalencia en población general y población de riesgo de la esquizofrenia y otras psicosis en dos barrios de Barcelona (España). Método: Nuestras aportaciones en este trabajo se apoyan sobre todo en un estudio descriptivo transversal de todos los pacientes con psicopatología detectados en la USM de Sant Martí-La Mina: un territorio geodemográfica y asistencialmente delimitado formado por 5 Áreas Básicas de Salud (103.615 habitantes. Resultados: Sobre un total de 21.536 pacientes con registro de casos abierto desde el año 1982 hasta el año 2000, se halló que 838 cumplían los criterios restrictivos para ser diagnosticados como «esquizofrénicos» (N=476) o «afectados por otras psicosis» (N=362). Sin embargo, las prevalencias de esquizofrenia y otras psicosis en el barrio sujeto a más factores de riesgo psicosociales eran alrededor de 2 veces mayores que las encontradas en el barrio colindante por el mismo equipo y en el mismo período temporal. Conclusión: Es necesario tener en cuenta el gran peso de los factores de sociales y psicosociales para poderse explicar las diferencias de prevalencia de la esquizofrenia y otras psicosis entre diferentes poblaciones (AU)


Objectives: To contribute to the discussion about aetiology and risk factors of psychosis comparing the prevalence in general population and in «age of risk population» for schizophrenias and other psychoses on two neighbourhoods of Barcelona (Spain). Method: We base our reflections in a transversal study about the results of an informatized case register of all the patients' with detected psychopathology in this geodemographic and assistencially differentiated area: 5 Basic Areas of Health (103.615 inhabitants). Results: The total «psychopathological patients» detected were 21.536. From them, 838 completed the restrictive criteria to be diagnosed as «schizophrenics» (476) or «affected by other psychoses» (362). Among the neighborhood charged with psychosocial risk factors and the other 4 adjacent basic areas of health, assisted for the same team, so much clinical as investigator, the incidence and the prevalence of the schizophrenia and other psychoses is twice as much, almost in each group diagnosis. Conclusion: It seems necessary to keep in mind the great weight of the social and psychosocial factors to explain those differences of incidence and prevalence of the schizophrenia and the psychoses in different populations (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Social Conditions/classification , Triage , Risk Factors , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease
2.
Schizophr Res ; 112(1-3): 143-8, 2009 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19411159

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychoses can vary between close geographic locations and can be biased by the use of epidemiological designs. With data derived from a public mental health centre with close relations to primary care teams we have compared the distribution of psychotic disorders in two neighborhoods in Barcelona with marked psycho-social differences. METHODS: Using a computerized database from Barcelona's National Health Service covering 5 basic health-care areas with a total population of 103,615 inhabitants, we have accessed case records showing any psycho-pathology between the years of 1982 and 2000. RESULTS: From the case records of 21,536 registered patients showing any psycho-pathology, and using strict diagnostic, clinical and assistance criteria, we found that there were 476 patients diagnosed as "schizophrenic" and 362 that were "affected by other psychoses." Despite being evaluated by the same mental health personal, the same research team using identical criteria and over the same period of time (thus precluding operator and selection bias) the prevalence of these disorders was twice as high in La Mina (a district with a marked accumulation of psycho-social risk-factors) as compared to the neighboring district of La Verneda. CONCLUSIONS: When assessing prevalence of psychoses, it is necessary to consider the impact of social and psycho-social factors, even in neighboring communities.


Subject(s)
Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Social Environment , Urban Population , Cross-Sectional Studies , Databases, Bibliographic/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Risk Factors , Schizophrenic Psychology , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology
3.
Clín. salud ; 19(1): 28-58, 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68497

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Revisión de los factores de riesgo para las psicosis desde la perspectiva de la literatura internacional y desde la perspectiva de la experiencia clínica e investigadora del equipo. Objetivo principal: Se presenta el diseño y las primeras pruebas de un instrumento de exploración y cribaje de señales de alarma y factores de riesgo de trastornos mentales severos, y en especial trastornos psicóticos, aplicable en los primeros años de vida por parte de los servicios de atención primaria de salud y los equipamientos de salud mental vinculados con ellos. Se trata del LISMEN(Listado de ítems de Salud Mental en edades preescolares y escolares). Metodología: 5 muestras diferentes, tanto de edad infantil como de adultos. El trabajo se centra en la muestra A del Proyecto LISMEN: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los dossieres de los pacientes que han desarrollado una psicosis (N=838) y se habían visitado previamente, ya durante la infancia, en la misma Unidad de Salud Mental (N=120). Resultados: Se utilizan los resultados de las muestras anteriormente estudiadas para encuadrar el tema y presentar los primeros resultados de la muestra A: Estos señalan una constelación de factores de riesgo que aparecen ya en las historias o dossiers clínicos de la infancia de los pacientes que van a desarrollar una psicosis postpuberal. Conclusiones: Aunque hoy poseemos un amplio acervo de conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo de la esquizofrenia y otras psicosis, eso no implicaque podamos predecir el trastorno en base a los mismos. El LISMEN es un intento en ese sentido (AU)


This paper reviews risk factors associated with psychosis from both a literatureperspective and the clinical and research practice. The development of atool for the diagnosis and screening of alarm signs and risk factors of severemental disorders is described along with preliminary tests. The tool is aimedto be administered by primary health care systems and associated mentalhealth teams during a person’s early years. The tool is called LISMEN–standing for “list of mental health items at pre-school and school ages”.The list was administered to 5 different samples including children andadults. This paper focuses on Project LISMEN sample A. It is an investigationof medical records of patients who had developed a psychosis (N = 838). Anumber of them (N = 120) had already been assisted by the same MentalHealth Unit during their childhood. Samples already assisted were used as abenchmark for sample A preliminary results. A constellation of risk factors hadalready been identified in medical records during the childhood of people whowould develop a psychosis after their adolescence.Even though there is a broad pool of knowledge on risk factors associatedwith schizophrenia and other psychoses, this does not mean that prediction ofthe disorder can be made on this base. Nevertheless, LISMEN is a contributionin this direction (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Risk Factors , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/prevention & control , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/psychology , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Psychotic Disorders/prevention & control , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/prevention & control , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/trends , Schizophrenia/economics , Biomarkers/analysis , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
4.
Arch. psiquiatr ; 69(1): 47-68, ene.-mar. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045407

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Contribuir al conocimientod e la fertilidad y la fecundidad de una muestra urbana de pacientes diagnosticados bajo los rótulos de «trastorno esquizofrénico» y «otras psicosis» (estudio SASPE), así como de la psicopatología de su descendencia. Diseño:Estudio retrospectivo fundamentado en el procesamiento informático de los datos del Proyecto SASPE, en el vaciado de historias clínicas de cinco Equipos deSalud Mental Comunitaria estrechamente vinculada con la Atención Primaria a la Salud (APS) y en entrevistas con pacientes, hijos de pacientes y profesionales de losEquipos de Atención Primaria (EAP) y de Pediatría de AP. Emplazamiento del Proyecto: Unitat de Salut Mental (USM) de Sant Martí-La Mina, cinco Áreas Básicas de Salud (ABS) de Barcelona y Sant Adria (provincia de Barcelona),además de la Unidad Funcional de Atención a la Primera Infancia de Sant Martí(Institut Catalá de la Salut).Sujetos: 838 pacientes esquizofrénicos y con «otras psicosis» detectados por la USM. 917 descendientedse los mismos. Personal asistencial de la USM,5 ABS y de la Unidad Funcional de Atención a la Primera Infancia ( UFAP1).N iños con señalesd e alerta detectadase n los diversosC entrosd e la USM,y niños con señalesd e alerta o factoresd e riesgo detectadose n los EAP y en los Equiposd e Pediatríad e APS. Metodologíae instrumentos:D iagnósticosD SM-1V.E ntrevistase structuradasE RIElRAOS. E scalaso sistemasd e cribado en la infancia: cribadosA RBB-ADBB,C BCL y USMEP. Based e datos informatizadosd e la USM-SASPE


Objectives: To contribute to the knowledge of the fertility and fecundity of an urban sample of patients diagnosed with schizophrenic disorder or «other psychoses» (SASPE study), as well as of the offspring's psychopathology. Design: A retrospective study based in the computer treatment of the data of Project SASPE, in the casting of clinical histories of five Units of Community Mental Health closely linked with the Primary Health CaTe (PHC) and in interviews with patients, patient's offspring and professionals of the PHC and of Pediatrics of PHC. Location of the Project: Mental Health Unir (USM) of Sant Martí -The Mine, five Basic Health Areas of Barcelona and Sant Adria (Barcelona), besides the Functional Unir of Attention to the Early Childhood of Sant Martí (Catalan lnstitute of Health). Participants: 838 schizophrenic patients and with «delirant psychoses» detected by the USM. 917 descendants of the same ones. Staff of the USM, 5 Basic Health Areas and of the Functional Unir of Attention to the Early Childhood (UFAPI). Children with alert signs detected in the diverse Centers of the USM, and children with signs of alert or factors of risk detected in the PHC Teams and Pediatrics PHC teams. Methodology and instruments: Diagnoses DSM-IV. Structured'interview ERIE-lRAOS. Screening for childhood mental health ARBB-ADBB, CBCL and LISMEP. Informatized Data Base USM-SASPE


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Psychotic Disorders/prevention & control , Research Design , Community Psychiatry/education , Community Psychiatry/methods , Psychopathology/methods , Interviews as Topic , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Aid to Families with Dependent Children/organization & administration , Aid to Families with Dependent Children , Spain/epidemiology , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Schizophrenia/prevention & control , Community Psychiatry/organization & administration , Community Psychiatry/trends
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