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The human diet is a factor for disease prevention and the extension of life expectancy. Loss of teeth can adversely affect chewing capacity, which can lead patients to modify their diet and subsequently result in a poor dietary intake. This work is conducted within the framework of an ongoing research project in the Dentistry School of Universidad de la Frontera aimed at designing a diet for patients with complete removable dental prostheses (CRDP). This study aimed to evaluate the hardness of foods in a diet designed for patients using CRDP, using texture profile analysis (TPA). TPA was used to measure the hardness of 43 foods, categorized into seven groups, dairy, animal protein, fruits, vegetables, cereals and grains, high-lipid foods, and vegetable protein, to understand their impact on masticatory performance in CRDP wearers. TPA consists of two compression cycles where the food sample is compressed until it reaches a pre-established deformation. The first force peak achieved in the first cycle is used as a measure of sample hardness. Significant differences in hardness were identified within each food group, indicating a wide spectrum of textural properties that could influence chewing behavior. These findings suggest that assessing food hardness can help tailor dietary recommendations to improve masticatory efficiency in patients with dental prostheses.
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Introduction: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are an effective tool as a medical device in patients who require them. However, it is a procedure that has been associated with multiple complications and possible negative outcomes for the health of the patients. This paper seeks to describe the main complications derived from the insertion and maintenance of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs), based on the experience of a vascular accesses group in a cardiovascular center in Colombia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analytical study of the adult population undergoing PICC insertion at the Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, during the period between 2019 and 2020 by the vascular access program, was performed. Results: The frequency of any registered complication was 15.9% for 2019 and 11.2% for 2020. Bleeding at the procedure site occurred in 15.3% during 2019 and 7.0% in 2020, making it the most frequent complication during the procedure. All the variables of complications associated with infection (bacteremia, phlebitis, and catheter-related infection) showed a decrease in 2020 compared to the previous year. The central line-associated bloodstream infection registered for the year 2019 was 1.94 bacteremia's/1000 catheters-day compared to 0.29 bacteremia's/1000 catheters-day. Conclusions: There has been a 4.7% reduction in the frequency of any registered complication after the implementation of the vascular access groups. Global and specific complications decreased significantly from 2019 to 2020. Notably, bacteremia, a common post-procedure complication, showed a substantial decrease in frequency compared to national and worldwide literature. It is also been described that complications associated with infection showed a decrease in 2020 compared to 2019. Whether or not all these findings are directly or somewhat related to the results stemming from the vascular access groups still needs further investigation.
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BACKGROUND: Probiotics are effective for treating acute infectious diarrhoea caused by bacteria, but there are inconsistent results for the effectiveness of probiotics for diarrhoea caused by viruses. In this article we want to determine whether Sb supplementation has an effect on acute inflammatory viral diarrhoea diagnosed with the multiplex panel PCR test. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) as a treatment in patients diagnosed with viral acute diarrhoea. METHODS: From February 2021 to December 2021, 46 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of viral acute diarrhoea diagnosed with the polymerase chain reaction multiplex assay were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Patients received paracetamol 500 mg as a standard analgesic and 200 mg of Trimebutine as an antispasmodic treatment plus 600 mg of Sb (n = 23, 1 × 109/100 mL Colony forming unit) or a placebo (n = 23) orally once daily for eight days. The improvement in and severity of symptoms were measured using a symptom diary, the Patient Global Impression and the Patient Global Impression of Change scales (days 4 and 8), both answered and recorded by the patient. RESULTS: Of the 46 patients who completed treatment, 24 (52%) were men and 22 (48%) were women. The average age was 35.6 ± 12.28 years (range 18 to 61 years). The average duration of the evolution of illness at the time of diagnosis was 0.85 ± 0.73 days (maximum 2 days). On day 4 after the diagnosis, 20% reported pain and 2% reported fever, but on day 8, no patient reported pain or fever. On day 4, 70% of patients in the Sb group and 26% in the placebo group reported improvement (P = 0.03), based on the Patients' Global Impression of Change scale, which assesses patient's rating of overall improvement. These findings suggest that 3 to 4 days of treatment with Sb helped to improve symptoms of diarrhoea caused by a virus. CONCLUSION: Treatment with Sb on acute inflammatory diarrhoea of viral aetiology shows no changes regarding the severity of the symptoms; nevertheless, it seems to impact improvement positively. TRIAL REGISTRATION: 22CEI00320171130 dated on 16/12/2020, NCT05226052 dated on 07/02/2022.
Subject(s)
Enteritis , Probiotics , Saccharomyces boulardii , Saccharomyces , Male , Humans , Adult , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Diarrhea/therapy , Diarrhea/microbiology , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
Biofoams are a challenge for scientists in terms of innovation. Incorporation of cellulose fibrils (CF), might help improve the microstructure of foams, thus this study focuses on studying the impact of CF on the foaming properties and rheology of lentil protein (LP) foams at various pH and CF concentrations. Additionally, LP-CF mixtures were transformed into solid foams, and their microstructure, physical properties, and morphology were evaluated. CF concentration significantly impacted on LP-CF foam properties, primarily due to high viscosity values. Increased CF concentration resulted in improved FS values (up to 77 min) at all pH values. This is likely attributed to associative interactions and coacervates formation. Also, foam microstructure could be related to apparent viscosity, suggesting the role of viscosity in preserving the integrity of the wet foam structure during freezing and lyophilization processes. However, elevated viscosity values might negatively impact properties such as foaming capacity and produce denser microstructures. The microstructure and morphology analysis revealed that certain foams exhibited a sponge-like structure with open pores and semi-spherical shapes, supported by CF fibers extending and forming layers. However, the structure itself was irregular. While others exhibited non-uniform, irregular pore size, and shape, along with a denser structure. These findings contribute to understanding the behavior of LP-CF mixtures, although additional investigations on mechanical properties, biodegradability, and hydrophobicity are necessary to reach their full potential for various applications.
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Resumen (analítico) El advenimiento de la pandemia del covid-19 y el aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio, impactó en la vida cotidiana y tuvo efectos en la subjetividad de niños, niñas y adolescentes. A través de un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo de carácter cualitativo se indaga sobre la construcción de sentidos, y las emociones en torno a la pandemia y cuarentena, las experiencias escolares y las prácticas de cuidado. Participaron 68 niñas, niños y adolescentes de cuatro jurisdicciones de Argentina, entre marzo y junio de 2020. Se recolectaron narrativas orales, fotos, dibujos y videos. Relataron cómo reinventaron modos de vincularse, de jugar y habitar espacios, erigiéndose como sujetos ético-políticos capaces de cuidar y de transformar su entorno, a pesar de la profundización de situaciones de desigualdad, del miedo al contagio y pérdida de seres queridos.
Abstract (analytical) The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic and the preventive and compulsory social confinement established as a response by the national government of Argentina had an impact on the daily lives and subjectivities of children and adolescents. The authors carried out a qualitative exploratory-descriptive study that focused on the construction of meanings and emotions in relation to the pandemic, lockdowns, school experiences and care practices. A total of 68 children and adolescents from four different jurisdictions in Argentina participated in the study between March and June 2020. The authors collected oral narratives, photos, drawings and videos produced by the children and adolescents. The participants reinvented ways of bonding, playing and inhabiting spaces, establishing themselves as ethical-political subjects who are capable of caring and transforming the roles assigned to them by society despite worsening situations of inequality, fear of contagion and loss of loved ones.
Resumo (analítico) O advento da pandemia da Covid-19 e o isolamento social preventivo e compulsório tiveram impacto na vida diária e tiveram efeitos sobre a subjetividade de crianças e adolescentes. Através de um estudo exploratório-descritivo qualitativo, investigamos a construção de significados e emoções em torno da pandemia e quarentena, experiências escolares e práticas de cuidado. Sessenta e oito crianças e adolescentes de quatro jurisdições na Argentina participaram entre março e junho de 2020. Foram coletadas narrativas orais, fotos, desenhos e vídeos. Os participantes reinventaram formas de união, brincando e habitando espaços, estabelecendo-se como sujeitos ético-políticos capazes de cuidar e transformar seu ambiente, apesar do aprofundamento de situações de desigua0ldade, medo de contágio e perda de entes queridos.
Subject(s)
Social Isolation , Quarantine , Fear , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Adolescent , EmotionsABSTRACT
RESUMEN En el presente artículo, escrito en el contexto de la pandemia 2020-2021 y en el marco del cumplimento del Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO), analizamos dos experiencias comunitarias vinculadas al cuidado de las infancias y adolescencias que se desarrollan en las provincias de Neuquén y Río Negro (Patagonia Argentina). Dicho análisis es resultado de una investigación cualitativa realizada desde la perspectiva de la Psicología Social Crítica y las Políticas Públicas en la que buscamos recuperar los saberes sociales que estas iniciativas comunitarias pueden aportar al diseño y reformulación de las políticas públicas de cuidado. Específicamente, las experiencias que aquí presentamos son: la Asociación Civil GAIA-Nueva Crianza, conformada por familias de niñes y adolescentes trans; y la Asociación Civil Lazos Azules, integrada por familias de niños y adolescentes con TEA (Trastorno del Espectro Autista). Si bien las dos asociaciones son muy diferentes entre sí, ambas coinciden en estar protagonizadas por familias que, a partir de haber escuchado y prestado atención a las necesidades de sus hijo/a/es, se organizaron colectivamente para visibilizar la realidad de sus niño/a/es y adolescentes generando distintas acciones. Dichas acciones tienden no sólo a hacer efectivos los derechos de las infancias y adolescencias, especialmente aquellos vinculados a la identidad, la educación y la salud, sino que están orientadas a incidir en las políticas públicas de cuidado a nivel local desde lo que Boaventura de Sousa Santos denomina la sociología de las emergencias y desde lo que Rita Segato designa como una politicidad en clave femenina anfibia.
RESUMO. Neste artigo, escrito no contexto da pandemia 2020-2021 e no quadro do cumprimento do Isolamento Social Preventivo e Obrigatório (ASPO), analisamos duas experiências comunitárias relacionadas com o cuidado de crianças e adolescentes que ocorrem nas províncias de Neuquén e Río Negro (Patagônia Argentina). Esta análise é resultado de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada na perspectiva da Psicologia Social Crítica e das Políticas Públicas, na qual buscamos resgatar o conhecimento social de que essas iniciativas comunitárias podem contribuir para o desenho e reformulação das políticas públicas de atenção. Especificamente, as experiências que aqui apresentamos são: a Associação Civil GAIA-Nueva Crianza, formada por famílias de crianças e adolescentes trans; e a Associação Civil Lazos Azules, formada por famílias de crianças e adolescentes com TEA (Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo). Embora as duas associações sejam muito diferentes entre si, ambas coincidem no fato de serem lideradas por famílias que, depois de ouvir e atentar para as necessidades dos filhos, se organizam coletivamente para tornar visível a realidade dos filhos. a / es e adolescentes gerando diferentes ações. Essas ações tendem não só a efetivar os direitos da criança e do adolescente, especialmente aqueles vinculados à identidade, educação e saúde, mas visam influenciar as políticas públicas de atenção em nível local a partir do que Boaventura de Sousa Santos denomina a sociologia das emergências e do que Rita Segato designa como feminilidade anfíbia chave de politicidade.
ABSTRACT In this article, written in the context of the 2020-2021 pandemic and in compliance with the Preventive and Compulsory Social Isolation (ASPO), we analyze two community experiences related to the care of children and adolescents that take place in the provinces of Neuquén and Río Negro (Argentinian Patagonia). This analysis is the result of a qualitative study carried out from the perspective of Critical Social Psychology and Public Policy, in which we seek to recover the social knowledge that these community initiatives can contribute to the design and reformulation of public care policies. Specifically, the experiences we present here are the GAIA-Nueva Crianza Civil Association, made up of families of trans children and adolescents; and the Lazos Azules civil association, made up of families of children and adolescents with ASD (autism spectrum disorder). Although the two associations are very different from each other, they both coincide in being led by families who, after having listened and paid attention to the needs of their children, they organized collectively to make visible the reality of their children and adolescents by generating different actions. These actions tend not only to make effective the rights of children and adolescents, especially those linked to identity, education and health, but are also aimed at influencing public care policies at the local level, from what Boaventura de Sousa Santos calls the sociology of emergencies and from what Rita Segato designates amphibious feminine key politicity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Psychology, Social/education , Public Policy , Child Welfare/psychology , Education , Social Isolation/psychology , Child Care/psychology , Autism Spectrum Disorder/ethnology , Gender Diversity , Gender Identity , Anthropology, Cultural/educationABSTRACT
Infection by HIV/AIDS or other STIs and unplanned pregnancies are sexual health problems of considerable impact around the world. Condoms are the only method that prevents all those risks, and attitudes toward the use of condoms are among the best predictors of their consistent use. The purpose of the present study was to translate, adapt, and validate a Spanish-language version of the Multidimensional Condom Attitudes Scale (MCAS) using a sample of young people from Colombia. A total of 1441 young people between the ages of 18 and 26 years responded to a web-based survey conducted between January 2018 and February 2018. The dimensionality of the scale was explored and confirmed to replicate the original five-factor structure (alphas ranged from .65 to .86). Criterion validity was adequate. Women had more positive attitudes toward identity stigma associated with condom use, while men had more positive attitudes toward reliability and effectiveness of condoms and were less embarrassed with condom negotiation and use. The Spanish-language MCAS is suitable for measuring condom-related attitudes among Colombian youth. Future research is needed to validate the Spanish version of the MCAS with other Spanish-speaking populations.
Subject(s)
Condoms , Language , Adolescent , Adult , Attitude , Colombia , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Sexual Behavior , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN estudio que aborda nueves experiencias comunitarias vinculadas a la salud mental y los procesos de crianza de las infancias en las provincias de Neuquén, Río Negro y mLa Pampa. OBJETIVO comprender experiencias comunitarias vinculadas a la salud mental y los crianza de las infancias en las provincias de Neuquén, Río Negro y La Pampa durante el período 2020-2022; las transformaciones por ellas vivenciadas en el contexto de la pandemia y las medidas de distanciamiento y aislamiento social implementadas; y los conocimientos que surgen de ellas en términos del diseño y revisión de las políticas públicas vinculadas a la salud mental y los procesos de crianza de las infancias. METODOLOGÍA estudio descriptivo transversal con un enfoque eminentemente cualitativo que incluyó los aportes de la etnografía y la etnografía virtual siendo que los instrumentos de recolección de datos utilizados fueron múltiples. El análisis de datos se basó en el concepto de triangulación metodológica y estará inspirado en la teoría fundamentada y en el método de comparación constante. RESULTADOS en ellos se presenta la caracterización de cada una de las nueve experiencias comunitarias estudiadas desde las dimensiones de análisis propuestas en el marco teórico objetivos, acciones, sentidos, emocionalidades, enseñanzas para las políticas públicas; transformaciones vivenciadas durante el tiempo de pandemia; etc. DISCUSIÓN si bien las experiencias investigadas son muy diferentes entre sí, todas coinciden en haber partido de la escucha de las necesidades y las voces de las infancias y adolescencias orientando sus acciones a dar visibilidad y a validar otras maneras de ser, conocer y sentir este mundo al tiempo que todas han generado un tipo de politicidad en clave femenina que sigue un camino anfibio planteando luchas tanto desde fuera del Estado como desde él.
Subject(s)
Public Policy , Child Rearing , Mental Health , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Estudiar la relación existente entre el desayuno y el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de Técnico de Nivel Superior en Enfermería (TNSE) de la Universidad Adventista de Chile (UnACh). Material y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, en un universo de 39 estudiantes que cursaron las asignaturas troncales durante los años 2016-2017 y a los que se aplicó un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo y hábitos alimenticios. Asimismo, se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y calificaciones académicas de dichos estudiantes. El rendimiento académico para este trabajo se definió como el promedio, por estudiante, de calificaciones en las asignaturas de Anatomía y Fisiología, Enfermería en Urgencias y Principios de Farmacología. Resultados: Un 73.5% de los encuestados consume cereales al menos 4 días/semana y 54.5% consume frutas al desayuno 3 días o menos por semana. El consumo de leche y sus derivados más de 3 días/semana se eleva a 61.7%. Se destaca el consumo de pan (66.7%), plátano (46.2%) y leche (30.4%), lo cual coincide con las preferencias de consumo de una familia chilena. Sumado a esto, el 53.8 % de los estudiantes encuestados no toman desayuno en casa, manifestando como principal causa la falta de tiempo (57.1%). En cuanto al rendimiento académico se encontró que el rango de la media de calificaciones varía de 53.9 a 61.0 (escala 1-100 puntos), con altas tasas de reprobación de 1 o más veces en las asignaturas cursadas. Conclusión: No se encontró una relación significativa entre calidad del desayuno y la media de calificaciones en las diferentes asignaturas, sin embargo, no es posible descartar totalmente que la calidad del desayuno o su omisión no altere el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, que impactan en el desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos.
Abstract Objective: Study the relationship between breakfast and academic performance in Senior Technician Students in Nursing, from the Adventist University of Chile (UnACh). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative research was carried out in a universe of 39 students who took the core subjects during the years 2016 and 2017, and to whom a consumption frequency questionnaire and eating habits was applied. Likewise, sociodemographic data and academic qualifications of these students were collected. The academic performance for this work was defined as the grade average per student in the subjects of Anatomy, Physiology, Emergency Department Nursing and Pharmacology. Results: 73.5% of respondents consume cereals at least 4 days a week and 54.5% eat fruits for breakfast 3 days or less a week. The consumption of milk and dairy products more than 3 days a week rises to 61.7%. The consumption of bread (66.7%), banana (46.2%) and milk (30.4%) stands out, which coincides with the consumption preferences of a Chilean family. In addition, 53.8% of the surveyed students do not eat breakfast at home, stating lack of time as the main cause (57.1%). Regarding academic performance, it was found that the range of the average grades differs from 53.9 to 61.0 (scale 1-100 points) with high failure rates of one or more times in the subjects taken. Conclusion: No significant relationship was found between the quality of breakfast and the mean of grades in the different subjects. However, it is not possible to rule out that the quality of breakfast or its omission does not affect the academic performance of the students, which has an impact on the development of cognitive processes.
Resumo Objetivo: Estudar a relação entre o desjejum e o desempenho acadêmico em estudantes Técnicos de Enfermagem de Nível Superior (TNSE) da Universidade Adventista do Chile (UnACh). Material e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, em um universo de 39 alunos que cursaram as disciplinas centrais durante os anos de 2016 a 2017 e aos quais foi aplicado um questionário de frequência de consumo e hábitos alimentares. Da mesma forma, foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e habilitações literárias dos referidos alunos. O desempenho acadêmico para este trabalho foi definido como a média, por aluno, das notas nas disciplinas de Anatomia e Fisiologia, Enfermagem de Emergência e Princípios de Farmacologia. Resultados: 73,5% dos pesquisados consomem cereais pelo menos 4 dias / semana e 54,5% consomem frutas no café da manhã 3 dias ou menos na semana. O consumo de leite e seus derivados mais de 3 dias / semana sobe para 61,7%. Destaca-se o consumo de pão (66,7%), banana (46,2%) e leite (30,4%), que coincide com as preferências de consumo de uma família chilena. Somado a isso, 53,8% dos alunos pesquisados não tomam café da manhã em casa, citando a falta de tempo como principal causa (57,1%). Em relação ao desempenho escolar, constatou-se que a faixa de notas médias varia de 53,9 a 61,0 (escala de 1 a 100 pontos), com altas taxas de reprovação de 1 ou mais vezes nas disciplinas cursadas. Conclusão: Não foi encontrada relação significativa entre a qualidade do café da manhã e as notas médias nas diferentes disciplinas, porém, não é possível descartar totalmente que a qualidade do café da manhã ou sua omissão não altera o desempenho escolar dos alunos, o que impacta o desenvolvimento de processos cognitivos.
Résumé Objectif: Étudier la relation entre le petit déjeuner et les résultats scolaires des étudiants du programme de Technicien Supérieur en Soins Infirmiers (TNSE)de l'Université adventiste du Chili (UnACh). Matériel et méthodes: Étude quantitative, descriptive et transversale, auprès d'un univers de 39 étudiants qui ont suivi les matières de bases au cours des années 2016-2017 et ont répondu à un questionnaire sur leurs fréquences de consommation et leurs habitudes alimentaires. Des données sociodémographiques et les notes de ces étudiants ont aussi été recueillies. Pour ce travail, les résultats académiques des étudiants ont été définis par la moyenne des notes obtenues dans les matières Anatomie et physiologie, Soins infirmiers d'urgence et Principes de pharmacologie. Résultats: Au petit déjeuner, 73,5 % des personnes interrogées ont consommé des céréales au moins 4 jours par semaine et 54,5 % ont consommé des fruits 3 jours ou moins par semaine. La consommation de lait et de ses dérivés plus de 3 jours par semaine s'élève à 61,7 %. La consommation de pain (66,7%), de bananes (46,2%) et de lait (30,4%) est prédominante, ce qui correspond aux préférences de consommation des familles chiliennes. 53,8 % des étudiants interrogés ne prennent pas leur petit déjeuner à la maison ; ils indiquent que cela est principalement par manque de temps (57,1 %). En ce qui concerne les résultats scolaires, il a été constaté que la fourchette des moyennes varie de 53,9 à 61,0 (échelle de 1 à 100 points), avec un fort pourcentage d'échec une ou plusieurs fois dans les matières. Conclusion: Aucune relation significative n'a été trouvée entre la qualité du petit déjeuner et la moyenne des notes dans les différentes matières ; cependant, il n'est pas possible d'exclure totalement que la qualité du petit déjeuner, ou son omission, puisse altérer les résultats scolaires des étudiants, du fait de l'impact sur le développement des processus cognitifs.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although reports suggest that pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) may be more frequent in women, the evidence is inconsistent. The objective of this study was to investigate whether women are more sensitive to pain and PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS: A total of 370 women and 275 men were included in a retrospective cohort study. All underwent LC under standardized general anesthesia. The variables analyzed included clinical and anthropometric parameters. End points were the incidence of nausea, vomiting, pain, and the requirement for additional pain relievers and antiemetics to control these. RESULTS: The women were younger and had lower body weight than the men (p < 0.001). Body mass index was within the normal range for 50% of women and 30% of men (p < 0.001). Pain was more common in women at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery (p < 0.02). Narcotics in addition to the doses used to lessen pain intensity (p = 0.01) were required in 60 women and 19 men (p < 0.001). PONV was more frequent in women at 1 and 6 h after surgery (p < 0.01). Rescue antiemetics were required in 35 women and 11 men (p = 0.008). Hospital stay was shorter for men (p < 0.001). Four patients in each group developed postoperative complications (p = 0.14). There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after LC were more common in women, who more frequently required analgesic and antiemetic rescue medication.
Subject(s)
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Gallbladder/surgery , Pain, Postoperative/epidemiology , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/epidemiology , Administration, Intravenous , Adult , Analgesia/methods , Antiemetics/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is an efficient approach for treatment of different types of kidney stones. Various types of access techniques have been described like sequential dilatation and one-shot procedure. OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences in time of exposure to X-rays and hemoglobin levels between techniques. METHODS: Controlled clinical trial. Patients older than 18 years with complex/uncomplicated kidney stones, without urine infection were included. They were assigned randomly to one of the two techniques. Response variables were determined before and 24 h after procedures. RESULTS: 59 patients were included: 30 underwent one-shot procedure (study-group) and 29 sequential dilatation (control-group). Baseline characteristics were similar. Study group had a lower postoperative hemoglobin decline than control group (0.81 vs. 2.03 g/dl, respectively; p < 0.001); X-ray exposure time (69.6 vs. 100.62 s; p < 0.001) and postoperative creatinine serum levels (0.93 ± 0.29 vs. 1.13 ± 0.4 mg/dl; p = 0.039). No significant differences in postoperative morbidity were found. CONCLUSION: One-shot technique demonstrated better results compared to sequential dilatation.
Subject(s)
Dilatation/methods , Kidney Calculi/surgery , Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous/methods , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Adult , Creatinine/blood , Female , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Humans , Male , Metals , Middle Aged , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN Estudio cualitativo multicéntrico acerca de las modalidades de atención y actividades de salud mental orientadas a niñ@s desarrolladas en los Sistemas Públicos de Salud de las Provincias de Río Negro y Neuquén, período 2016-2017. OBJETIVO Caracterizar en profundidad un conjunto específico de dispositivos de salud mental/psicosocial orientados a niñ@s seleccionados siguiendo criterios de buenas prácticas en salud. MÉTODO Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron; la revisión de documentación sanitaria existente; la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a los equipos profesionales responsables de los dispositivos y a los beneficiarios de los mismos; y la realización de observaciones de las distintas experiencias con apoyatura de registro fotográfico y videos; el análisis de datos se basó en el concepto de triangulación metodológica y estuvo inspirado en la teoría fundamentada y en el método de comparación constante. RESULTADOS Se caracterizaron un total de catorce dispositivos; en Río Negro; Admisión e Interconsultas, Hospital Cipolletti; Taller de Niños Divertidos, ADANIL, Hospital General Roca; Consejo de Niños, Salud Mental, Hospital General Roca; La Huerta para Compartir, Hospital Villa Regina; Futbol Callejero, El Bolsón; en Neuquén: Grupo de Padres de Bebés Prematuros Internados, Hospital Castro Rendón; Murguita Trapitos de Colores, CAPS Confluencia; Taller de Crianza, Hospital Bouquet Roldán; La Casita Itinerante, CAPS Parque Industrial; Red Interinstitucional, CAPS Don Bosco; Actividad Sala de Espera y Taller de Salud Sexual y Afectiva, Hospital Mariano Moreno; Grupo Psicoterapéutico de Niños, Hospital Horacio Heller. DISCUSIÓN A partir de la caracterización realizada, se re-conceptualizaron los criterios de buenas prácticas en salud mental infantil adquiriendo especial énfasis la consideración de l@s niñ@s como sujet@s y la necesidad del abordaje del entorno inmediato en el que el niñ@ vive como criterios de buenas prácticas
Subject(s)
Child , Health Services Research , Mental Health ServicesABSTRACT
Introducción: la desnutrición intrahospitalaria se ha descrito hace más de 70 años como un problema frecuente. En México se reportan cifras de entre el 20% al 50%; sin embargo no se ha estudiado su prevalencia ni su asociación con la morbilidad y mortalidad hospitalaria.Objetivos: evaluar el estado nutricional y su relación con la morbimortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes mexicanos.Métodos: cohorte prospectiva de pacientes que ingresaron en un hospital de referencia para una estancia hospitalaria mayor de 5 días. Se capturó peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC), estado nutricional de acuerdo con la valoración global subjetiva (VGS) a su ingreso y egreso hospitalario, así como diagnóstico médico, complicaciones y mortalidad. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la prueba T de Student, prueba Chi-cuadrado y prueba Exacta de Fisher.Resultados: se incluyeron 610 pacientes en total, con un promedio de edad de 50,8 ± 17,32 años, 267 mujeres (43,8%) y 343 hombres (56,2%). Del total, 154 fueron catalogados con sospecha de desnutrición o desnutrición (pacientes expuestos, 25,2%) y 456 bien nutridos (pacientes no expuestos, 74,8%), con una relación de 1 a 3. La morbilidad total de la cohorte tuvo un RR = 2,70, IC 95 % (2,06-3,55) y la mortalidad con un RR = 2,64, IC 95% (1,74-4,0), siendo ambas estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,001).Conclusiones: el diagnóstico de desnutrición al ingreso hospitalario constituye un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones y mortalidad. Este padecimiento al ingreso en comparación con el paciente que no presenta desnutrición incrementó el riesgo de mortalidad hasta en 2.64 veces.
Subject(s)
Malnutrition/complications , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Nutritional Status , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Length of Stay , Male , Malnutrition/mortality , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Patient Admission , Patients , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objetivo: caracterizar las estrategias de intervención de los psicólogos en los Centros de Atención Primaria de la Salud y Hospitales de la Zona Sanitaria Metropolitana (Neuquén, Argentina) en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de la Salud (aps). Muestra las concepciones teóricas que atraviesan dichas estrategias y describe los principales facilitadores y obstáculos que estos profesionales encuentran en su trabajo en APS tomando como período de estudio el año 2010. Metodología: La perspectiva teórica utilizada toma aportes de la Evaluación de Programas en Salud Mental Comunitaria; conceptualizaciones sobre la APS y sus vínculos con la Salud Mental y contribuciones de la Psicología Comunitaria Latinoamericana. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron la revisión de registros sanitarios existentes y la aplicación de encuestas y entrevistas. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que las estrategias de intervención que desarrollan los psicólogos son múltiples y diversas y que, si bien todas ellas se encuadran en los principios de la APS, están centradas en un aspecto específico de la APS -el vinculado a la atención - relegando otras dimensiones como la promoción de la salud, la prevención de la enfermedad; etc. Discusión y conclusiones: En ese contexto, se postula que uno de los principales desafíos que se plantean para los profesionales de la salud mental que trabajan en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de la Salud es la articulación -en lugar de la habitual contraposición- entre el trabajo clínico y la perspectiva comunitaria.
Objective: to characterize by psychologists in Primary Care Centers Health and Hospitals Metropolitan Sanitary District (Neuquén, Argentina) in the context of Primary Health Care (PHC). The study shows some views Theoretical traversing these strategies and describes the main facilitators and obstacles these professionals in their work in taking as APS study period 2010. Methodology: The theoretical perspective used making contributions of Assessment in Community Mental Health Programs; conceptualizations of APS and its links with the Mental Health; and contributions of Community Psychology Latinoamericana. The data collection instruments were reviewing existing health records and conducting surveys and interviews. Results: The results show that the intervention strategies developed by psychologists are manifold and that, although all of them fall under the principles of PHC are focused on a specific aspect of the APS linked to attention -the - relegating other dimensions-such as health promotion, prevention of disease; etc. Discussion and Conclusions: In this context, it is postulated that one of the main challenges for mental health professionals working in the context of Primary Health Care is the joint-instead of the usual contraposition between clinical work and community perspective.
Objetivo: caracterizar as estratégias de intervenção dos psicólogos nos Centros de Atenção Primária à Saúde e Hospitais da Zona Sanitária Metropolitana (Neuquén, Argentina) no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Mostra as concepções teóricas que atravessam dessas estratégias e descreve os principais facilitadores e obstáculos que esses profissionais encontram no trabalho em APS, tendo como período de estudo no ano 2010. Método: A perspectiva teórica utilizada pega contribuições da Avaliação de Programas em Saúde Mental Comunitária; conceptualizações sobre a APS e seus vínculos com a Saúde Mental; e contribuições da Psicologia Comunitária Latino-americana. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram a revisão de registros sanitários existentes e a aplicação de questionários e entrevistas. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que as estratégias de intervenção desenvolvidas por psicólogos são múltiplas e que, embora todas elas se enquadram nos princípios da APS, estão focadas em um aspecto específico da APS - o vinculado à atenção - relegando outras dimensões - como a promoção da saúde, a prevenção da doença; etc.-. Discussão e conclusões: Nesse contexto, se postula que um dos principais desafios que se propõem para os profissionais da saúde mental que trabalham no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde é a articulação -em vez da habitual contraposição- entre o trabalho clínico e a perspectiva comunitária.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de un programa de autocuidado en la funcionalidad de adultos mayores, pertenecientes a un Centro de Salud Familiar del sur de Chile. Metodología: estudio de tipo experimental puro que intervino un grupo de adultos mayores entre 65 y 79 años, durante julio y agosto de 2002, en la que se midió la funcionalidad de acuerdo con las necesidades funcionales básicas, funciones mentales y autopercepción de salud. Resultados: fuerte asociación entre la participación en el programa de autocuidado y ausencia de dependencia para necesidades funcionales básicas valor p=0,0001; funciones mentales intactas valor p= 0,01 y buena autopercepción de salud valor p=0,0002. Discusión: los resultados se correlacionan con los obtenidos por Domínguez O, Albala C y cols., Mella R; Gordillo Y; y Lara R, Mardones M (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) quienes describen altos porcentajes de adultos mayores funcionalmente independientes, difriendo con Sequeira D; y Muñoz, M. y cols. (6, 7), quienes presentan altos porcentajes de dependencia. Las funciones cognitivas se evalúan como normales al igual que el estudio de Lara R y Mardones M (5). La autopercepción de salud inicial al igual que para Albala C y cols., y la réplica del estudio realizada por Gordillo Y (1, 4), es evaluada como regular. Conclusión: el programa de autocuidado constituiría un entorno estimulante declarado por Lehr y Orem, necesario para mantener o corregir el declive funcional natural del adulto mayor (8, 9), favoreciendo su independencia en necesidades básicas de la vida diaria, mejorando sus funciones mentales y autopercepción de salud.
Purpose: assess how a self-care program affects the functionality of older adults living in a Family Health Center located in the south of Chile. Methodology: pure experimental study that involved the participation of a group of older adults aged 65 to 79 years old, during July and August, 2002, intended to measure the functionality regarding basic functional needs, mental functions and self-perception of health. Results: strong relation between the participation in the self-care program and absence of dependence for basic functional needs p=0,0001; intact mental functions p= 0,01 and good self-perception of health p=0,0002. Discussion: the results are correlated with the results obtained by Domínguez O, Albala C and cols., Mella R; Gordillo Y; and Lara R, Mardones M (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). All of the foregoing, describe high percentages of older adults that are functionally independent, as opposed to Sequeira D; and Muñoz, M. and cols. (6, 7), who obtained high percentages of dependence. Cognitive functions are normal just as in the study of R and Mardones M (5). Self-perception of health is normal just as in the studies of Albala C e cols., and in the reply to the study made by Gordillo Y (1, 4). Conclusion: the self-care program would constitute a stimulating background by Lehr and Orem needed for preserving or correcting the natural functional decline of older adults (8, 9), and favor the independence to fulfll day-to-day needs, apart from improving mental functions and self-perception of health.
Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de um programa de autocuidado na funcionalidade de adultos maiores, pertencentes a um Centro de Saúde Familiar do sul de Chile. Metodologia: estudo de tipo experimental puro que en-volveu a participação de um grupo de adultos maiores entre 65 e 79 anos, durante julho e agosto de 2002, no intuito de medir a funcionalidade de acordo com as necessidades funcionais básicas, funciones mentais e auto-percepção de saúde. Resultados: forte associação entre a participação no programa de autocuidado e ausência de dependência para necessidades funcionais básicas valor p=0,0001; funciones mentais intactas valor p= 0,01 e boa auto-percepção de saúde p=0,0002. Discussão: os resultados são correlacionados com os resultados obtidos por Domínguez O, Albala C e cols., Mella R; Gordillo Y; e Lara R, Mardones M (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Todos eles des-crevem altas porcentagens de adultos maiores funcionalmente independentes, diferindo com Sequeira D; e Muñoz, M. e cols. (6, 7), quem evidenciam altas porcentagens de dependência. As funções cognitivas são avaliadas como normais igual que no estudo de R e Mardones M (5). A auto-percepção de saúde é avaliada como regular igual que nos estudos de Albala C e cols., e na réplica do estudo realizado por Gordillo Y (1, 4). Conclusão: o programa de autocuidado constituiria um entorno estimulante declarado por Lehr e Orem necessário à preservação ou correção do declive funcional natural do adulto maior (8, 9), e que iria favorecer a independência para cum-prir necessidades básicas da vida diária, além de melhorar as funções mentais e a auto-percepção de saúde.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Self Care , AgedABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN La atención de salud mental a niños pequeños ofrece diferentes alcances y enfoques, pero el tema aún no ha sido abordado de manera integral. OBJETIVOS Describir las características principales del dispositivo Espacio Arco Iris del Centro de Atención Primaria de la Salud (CAPS) Almafuerte de Neuquén en 2011-2012 y analizar los alcances y los límites de dicho dispositivo según criterios de valoración, pertinencia y eficacia. MÉTODOS Se trató de una caracterización y una evaluación de tipo comprensiva del dispositivo, que incluyó la perspectiva del equipo y de las familias participantes. Como instrumentos de recolección de datos, el estudio utilizó la revisión de registros sanitarios existentes, la aplicación de encuestas y la realización de entrevistas y observaciones. RESULTADOS Espacio Arco Iris apareció como un lugar psicoterapéutico y una experiencia de "acompañamiento a la crianza para el ser en libertad". De acuerdo con el estudio, constituye una buena práctica de asistencia y prevención en salud mental dirigida a la atención de niños pequeños y sus familias. DISCUSIÓN La experiencia de Espacio Arco Iris puede pensarse como una articulación entre la Atención Primaria de la Salud y la Salud Mental. Además, representa una interfaz que hace posible la confluencia entre el trabajo clínico y la perspectiva comunitaria.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Mental HealthABSTRACT
Se revisa el concepto de funcionalidad en el adulto mayor, dentro de un contexto internacional y nacional, mencionando investigaciones realizadas en nuestro país y generalidades en relación a instrumentos de evaluación más utilizados, junto al papel del sector salud y en especial de enfermería. Finalmente se propone un programa de actividades destinadas a aumentar la funcionalidad del adulto mayor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Geriatric Assessment , Health of the Elderly , Chile , Community Health Services , NursingABSTRACT
El propósito es entender las reacciones inmunológicas fundamentales que ocurren a nivel ocular, las cuales son comunes al resto del sistema inmune, pero con vías preponderantes en silenciar la respuesta inmune para conservar la unidad funcional. A partir de un extensa revisión de la literatura, se definen conceptos inmunológicos claros sobre las vis de inactivación de la respuesta inmune, que muestran la necesidad de la inmunidad innata representada principalmente en las barreras mecánicas del globo ocular, las cuales ayudan a mantener la integridad funcional de este órgano. Gracias al avance del conocimiento en inmunoquimica, y técnicas de estudios celulares, se puede entender la esencia de la inmunidad de los tejidos oculares y de la unidad funcional definida como cornea, conjuntiva, glándulas lagrimales, glándulas de meibomio y parpados unidos por un arco reflejo neural. Todo ello para entender que el sistema inmunológico que protege al ojo es un sistema primordialmente de barreras mecánicas y mediadores solubles inespecíficos (sistema inmune innato) y de mecanismos encaminados a inhibir una respuesta inflamatoria, lo que lo convierte en un órgano inmunológicamente privilegiado.
The purpose is to understand the fundamental immunologic relationships that occur at the ocular level, which are common to the rest of the immune system, but with prevailing ways in silencing the immune response in order to preserve the functional unity. As of an extensive revision of literature, clear immunologic concepts are defined regarding the inactivation ways barriers of the ocular globe, which help to maintain the organLs functional integrity. Thanks to progress in the knowledge of immuno]chemestry and cellular study techniques, the essence of the immunity of the ocular tissues can be understood, as well as that of the functional unit defined as the cornea, conjunctive, lachrymal glands, Meibomian glands and eyelids, united by a neutral reflex arch. All of which, to understand that the immunologic system that projects the eye is a system primarily of mechanical barriers and unspecified soluble mediators and mechanism directed towards inhibiting and inflammatory response, which turns it into a privileged organ.