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1.
J Invest Dermatol ; 140(5): 1066-1074.e4, 2020 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31877319

ABSTRACT

Cutaneous inflammation is recurrent in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet mechanisms that drive cutaneous inflammation in SLE are not well defined. Type I IFNs are elevated in nonlesional SLE skin and promote inflammatory responses. Staphylococcus aureus, known to induce IFN production, could play a role in cutaneous inflammation in SLE. We show here that active cutaneous lupus erythematosus lesions are highly colonized (∼50%) by S. aureus. To define the impact of IFNs on S. aureus colonization, we examined the effects of type I and type II IFNs on S. aureus adherence and invasion. An increase in adherent S. aureus was observed after exposure to both IFN-α and -γ, whereas IFN-γ appeared to inhibit invasion of S. aureus. Cutaneous lupus erythematosus lesional skin microarray data and RNA sequencing data from SLE keratinocytes identified repression of barrier gene expression, such as filaggrin and loricrin, and SLE keratinocytes exhibited increased S. aureus-binding integrins. These SLE-associated changes could be replicated by IFN treatment of keratinocytes. Further, SLE keratinocytes exhibited increased binding to S. aureus. Together, these data suggest that chronic exposure to IFNs induces barrier disruption that allows for higher S. aureus colonization in SLE skin.


Subject(s)
Keratinocytes/physiology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology , Skin/immunology , Staphylococcal Infections/immunology , Staphylococcus aureus/physiology , Adult , Cell Adhesion , Cell Movement , Cells, Cultured , Female , Filaggrin Proteins , Humans , Interferon Type I/metabolism , Interferon-gamma/metabolism , Intermediate Filament Proteins/genetics , Intermediate Filament Proteins/metabolism , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/microbiology , Male , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Microarray Analysis , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Sequence Analysis, RNA , Skin/microbiology , Skin/pathology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
2.
J Microbiol Methods ; 161: 71-73, 2019 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31014957

ABSTRACT

Chromagar is a medium that is used in culture-based colonization studies of Staphylococcus aureus. We have found that S. aureus negative colonies often fit the color recommendations for S. aureus identification and can cause overestimation of colonization rates. Confirmation of suspect colonies is important to minimize false negative/positive results.


Subject(s)
Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Chromogenic Compounds , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Culture Media , Diagnostic Tests, Routine/methods , False Negative Reactions , False Positive Reactions , Humans , Negative Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
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