The role of imaging in strabismus.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the most recent literature regarding the clinical experience of imaging modalities in strabismus. RECENT FINDINGS: MRI of extraocular muscles (EOMs) has elucidated the roles of variation in compartmental contraction of EOMs and further evidence of EOM pulley heterotopy in various strabismus patterns, which may contribute to the clinical and surgical management of patients as this mode of imaging becomes more readily available. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) may play a role in determining the location of EOMs which could also aid in devising a preoperative surgical plan, especially in those who have had prior strabismus surgery. SUMMARY: Although MRI, UBM, and AS-OCT show promise in the formulation of a treatment plan in complex strabismus, more research regarding the role and limitations of these imaging modalities is required before they become the mainstay of strabismus evaluation.

Antivascular endothelial growth factor in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the most recent literature regarding the clinical experience of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). RECENT FINDINGS: Anti-VEGF agents in stage 3+ and aggressive posterior ROP have been shown to induce rapid ROP regression. However, significant reoccurrence rates can require repeat injections and thus longer term and more frequent follow-up. Initial studies reflect conflicting evidence regarding significant systemic side effects of these treatments, and outcomes in these patients past the first few years of life are yet to be definitively determined. SUMMARY: Although anti-VEGF therapies show promise in the treatment of ROP, frequent reoccurrences and lack of thorough data about long-term side effects of pharmacologic intervention necessitate further research before anti-VEGF agents become the mainstay of ROP management.