ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To explore the experiences of older Peruvian adults living in urban areas of Lima under lockdown due to the National COVID-19 Emergency, this study analyzes how older adults (aged 60 and older) exercise agency while also living with the negative impacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related control measures. METHODS: Between August and December 2020, our research team conducted a telephone-based, qualitative study, in which we undertook semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of low-income older adults living with chronic multimorbidities and limited resources. Forty older adults, 24 women and 16 men, with a mean age of 72 years, participated in the study. For data analysis, we employed thematic analysis with a predominantly inductive approach. RESULTS: Older adults demonstrated several forms of agency to regulate emotions, maintain crucial bonds, foster social relationships, and seek economic and food security. Older adults experienced entertainment and support by caring for pets, undertaking farm work, and practicing their religious beliefs. For several participants and their families, quarantine was an opportunity to strengthen family relationships and learn new technologies. Older adults and their families reorganized themselves to assume new roles and perform activities that improved self-worth and confidence, thereby improving their well-being and mental health. DISCUSSION: Peruvian older adults exerted agency in different ways to respond to and sustain their mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown. Policymakers should value and recognize the agency of older adults when planning future health responses.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Male , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Communicable Disease Control , Mental Health , Peru/epidemiology , LearningABSTRACT
Introducción: El mundo actual necesita de un profesional altamente competente, con una sólida cultura humanista y una clara comprensión de los procesos culturales enmarcados en su contexto histórico, que les permita apropiarse del conocimiento y transformarse de conjunto con la sociedad. Esto se vincula con la teoría de la educación avanzada, que se articula en los fundamentos de la cultura. Objetivo: Sistematizar la importancia de la integración de las ciencias en los procesos sustantivos del escenario docente para la formación integral y culta de los profesionales cubanos. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos originales y de revisión en SciELO, Redalyc, Medigraphic y Medline, publicados entre el 2015 y el 2019. La estrategia de búsqueda se basó en las palabras clave cultura; interdisciplinariedad; integralidad en el profesional de la salud, identificadas en DeCS. El análisis, la síntesis y la sistematización del contenido, permitió interpretar los referentes teóricos para la organización del conocimiento. Se seleccionaron en la investigación 30 fuentes bibliográficas. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron la necesidad de la universidad cubana actual del enfoque interdisciplinario como parte del proceso pedagógico y formativo. Conclusiones: La integración de la historia, el arte y la medicina en el proceso formativo de las especialidades involucradas en las ciencias médicas contribuye a la formación de un profesional de la salud más integral y culto.
Introduction: Today's world needs a highly competent professional, with a solid humanistic culture and a clear understanding of cultural processes according to their historical context, which allows them to appropriate knowledge and transform themselves as a whole within society. This is linked to the theory of advanced education, which is articulated in the foundations of culture. Objective: To systematize the importance of the integration of sciences in the intrinsic processes of the teaching scenario for the comprehensive and cultured formation of Cuban professionals. Methods: A search for original and review articles was conducted in SciELO, Redalyc, Medigraphic and Medline, published between 2015 and 2019. The search strategy was based on the keywords culture; interdisciplinarity; comprehensiveness in the health professional. The analysis, synthesis and systematization of the content, allowed the interpretation of the theoretical references for the organization of knowledge. Thirty bibliographic sources were selected for the research. Results: The results evidenced the need of the current Cuban university to implement an interdisciplinary approach as part of the pedagogical and formative process. Conclusions: The integration of history, art and medicine in the formative process of the specialties involved in medical sciences contributes to the formation of a more comprehensive and cultured health professional.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La tutoría es una práctica reconocida desde la antigüedad que ha tenido gran relevancia a través de los tiempos y como función del profesor universitario se puede evidenciar desde el surgimiento de la Universidad. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica cuyo objetivo es fundamentar la importancia que tiene el tutor como eslabón fundamental en el proceso formativo, así como que desde la Teoría de la Educación Avanzada se ofrecen todos los métodos y técnicas necesarias para potenciar el carácter humanista y contribuir a una correcta formación del futuro profesional. Se puede concluir, desde esta óptica, y con el análisis realizado que la educación avanzada destaca la importancia de los tutores para el cumplimiento de los objetivos fundamentales de la educación médica superior, en lo referente a la intención de un proceso formativo dirigido a la transformación que se aspire a alcanzar en los estudiantes, capaces de construir el conocimiento y transformar la realidad por lo que se trata de un proceso pedagógico que comprende más que la instrucción, la educación.
ABSTRACT Tutoring is a recognized practice since ancient times that has had great relevance throughout the ages and as a function of the university professor it can be evidenced since the beginning of the University. A bibliographic review was carried out to establish the importance of the tutor as a fundamental link in the training process, as well as that from the Theory of Advanced Education all the necessary methods and techniques are offered to enhance the humanistic character and contribute to a correct training of the future professional. It can be concluded, from this perspective, and with the analysis carried out that advanced education highlights the importance of tutors for the fulfillment of the fundamental objectives of higher medical education, in relation to the intention of a training process aimed at transformation that is aspired to achieve in students, capable of building knowledge and transforming reality, which is why it is a pedagogical process that includes more than instruction, education.
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Background: Typically developing (TD) siblings are an important part of the family system, but may show strained relationships in families of children with ASD. Objective: We augmented a sibling support group with parent-sibling training in which parents learned (through instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback) how to prompt and reinforce prosocial behaviors in their TD children. Method: We examined the effects of parent-sibling training on parent and TD sibling behaviors in a multiple baseline across families design. Results: Parent prompting and reinforcement of TD sibling prosocial behaviors increase. TD sibling prosocial behaviors such as sharing with and talking to their sibling with ASD also increased. Broader measures of the sibling relationship showed some improvements. Conclusion: Findings suggest ways to support families of children with ASD with future investigations of parent-sibling training examining longer intervention, all family members' adjustment and relationships, and sibling characteristics that influence response to parent-sibling training.
