ABSTRACT
O Limonium brasiliense (Boiss.) Kuntze (Plumbaginaceae), chamado popularmente de baicuru ou guaicuru é uma erva perene presente em todo litoral sul do Brasil, sendo indicada tradicionalmente para síndrome pré-menstrual e distúrbios menstruais. Essas atividades são atribuídas à presença dos polifenóis concentrados em seus rizomas, que também apresentam atividades bacteriostáticas, antioxidantes, antivirais e anti-inflamatórias. No desenvolvimento de formulações feitas a partir da droga vegetal são necessários testes de controle de qualidade durante todo o processo a fim de garantir a segurança, eficácia e qualidade da matéria-prima até sua formulação final. As metodologias utilizadas no desenvolvimento deste trabalho foram de análises físico-químicas para o controle de qualidade, análises quantitativas para determinação do teor de polifenóis totais e, por fim, uma análise comparativa entre os resultados obtidos no ano da coleta do material vegetal (2010) e das mesmas características após 13 anos da coleta, utilizando amostras do L. brasiliense com a presença de fungos ou sem nos rizomas. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o controle de qualidade comparativo dos rizomas de Limonium brasiliense coletados em 2010 em relação ao teor de polifenóis totais e de umidade em 2023. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram a produção de polifenóis pelos fungos na amostra contaminada, além de mostrarem a qualidade de armazenagem da droga vegetal. Com isso, foi possível concluir que o teor de polifenóis totais da amostra com fungo aumentou após 13 anos da coleta, e que neste interim não houve mudanças no teor de umidade da amostra sem fungo, garantindo sua qualidade no desenvolvimento de formulações ou pesquisas futuras.
Limonium brasiliense (Boiss.) Kuntze (Plumbaginaceae), popularly called baicuru or guaicuru, is a perennial herb present throughout the southern coast of Brazil, traditionally indicated for premenstrual syndrome and menstrual disorders. These activities are attributed to the presence of polyphenols concentrated in its rhizomes, which also have bacteriostatic, antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. When developing formulations made from plant-based drugs, quality control tests are necessary throughout the process to ensure the safety, efficacy and quality of the raw material until its final formulation. The methodologies used in the development of this work were physical-chemical analyzes for quality control, quantitative analyzes to determine the total polyphenol content and, finally, a comparative analysis between the results obtained in the year the plant material was collected (2010) and the same characteristics after 13 years of collection, using samples of L. brasiliense with or without the presence of fungi in the rhizomes. Therefore, this work aimed to carry out comparative quality control of Limonium brasiliense rhizomes collected in 2010 in relation to the content of total polyphenols and moisture in 2023. The results obtained showed the production of polyphenols by fungi in the contaminated sample, in addition to show the storage quality of the plant drug. With this, it was possible to conclude that the total polyphenol content of the sample with fungus increased after 13 years of collection, and that in the meantime there were no changes in the moisture content of the sample without fungus, guaranteeing its quality in the development of formulations or future research.
Limonium brasiliense (Boiss.) Kuntze (Plumbaginaceae), popularmente llamada baicuru o guaicuru, es una hierba perenne presente en toda la costa sur de Brasil, tradicionalmente indicada para el síndrome premenstrual y trastornos menstruales. Estas actividades se atribuyen a la presencia de polifenoles concentrados en sus rizomas, que también tienen actividades bacteriostáticas, antioxidantes, antivirales y antiinflamatorias. Cuando se desarrollan formulaciones elaboradas a partir de medicamentos de origen vegetal, son necesarios ensayos de control de calidad durante todo el proceso para garantizar la seguridad, eficacia y calidad de la materia prima hasta su formulación final. Las metodologías utilizadas en el desarrollo de este trabajo fueron análisis físico- químicos para control de calidad, análisis cuantitativos para determinar el contenido de polifenoles totales y, finalmente, un análisis comparativo entre los resultados obtenidos en el año de recolección del material vegetal (2010) y el mismas características después de 13 años de colecta, utilizando muestras de L. brasiliense con o sin presencia de hongos en los rizomas. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar un control de calidad comparativo de los rizomas de Limonium brasiliense recolectados en 2010 en relación al contenido de polifenoles totales y humedad en 2023. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron la producción de polifenoles por hongos en la muestra contaminada, además de mostrar la calidad de almacenamiento de la droga vegetal. Con esto se pudo concluir que el contenido total de polifenoles de la muestra con hongos aumentó después de 13 años de colecta, y que mientras tanto no hubo cambios en el contenido de humedad de la muestra sin hongos, garantizando su calidad en el desarrollo. de formulaciones o investigaciones futuras.
ABSTRACT
Cannabidiol (CBD) presents antiparkinsonian properties and neuromodulatory effects, possibly due to the pleiotropic activity caused at multiple molecular targets. Recently, the GPR55 receptor has emerged as a molecular target of CBD. Interestingly, GPR55 mRNA is expressed in the external globus pallidus (GPe) and striatum, hence, it has been suggested that its activity is linked to motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the intrapallidal injection of both CBD and a selective GPR55 antagonist (CID16020046) on motor asymmetry, fine motor skills, and GAD-67 expression in hemiparkinsonian rats. The hemiparkinsonian animal model applied involved the induction of a lesion in male Wistar rats via the infusion of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle via stereotaxic surgery. After a period of twenty days, a second surgical procedure was performed to implant a guide cannula into the GPe. Seven days later, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), CBD, or CID16020046 were injected once a day for three consecutive days (from the 28th to the 30th day post-lesion). Amphetamine-induced turning behavior was evaluated on the 14th and 30th days post-injury. The staircase test and fine motor skills were evaluated as follows: the rats were subject to a ten-day training period prior to the 6-OHDA injury; from the 15th to the 19th days post-lesion, the motor skills alterations were evaluated under basal conditions; and, from the 28th to the 30th day post-lesion, the pharmacological effects of the drugs administered were evaluated. The results obtained show that the administration of LPI or CBD generated lower levels of motor asymmetry in the turning behavior of hemiparkinsonian rats. It was also found that the injection of CBD or CID16020046, but not LPI, in the hemiparkinsonian rats generated significantly superior performance in the staircase test, in terms of the use of the forelimb contralateral to the 6-OHDA-induced lesion, when evaluated from the 28th to the 30th day post-lesion. Similar results were also observed for superior fine motor skills performance for pronation, grasp, and supination. Finally, the immunoreactivity levels were found to decrease for the GAD-67 enzyme in the striatum and the ipsilateral GPe of the rats injected with CBD and CID16020046, in contrast with those lesioned with 6-OHDA. The results obtained suggest that the inhibitory effects of CBD and CID16020046 on GPR55 in the GPe could be related to GABAergic overactivation in hemiparkinsonism, thus opening new perspectives to explain, at a cellular level, the reversal of the motor impairment observed in PD models.
ABSTRACT
Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid present in the plant Cannabis sativa, has displayed beneficial pharmacological effects in the treatment of several neurological disorders including, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. In particular, CBD is able to modulate different receptors in the endocannabinoid system, some of which belong to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Notably, while CBD is able to antagonize some GPCRs in the endocannabinoid system, it also seems to activate others. The details of this dual contrasting functional feature of CBD, that is, displaying antagonistic and (possible) agonistic ligand properties in related receptors, remain unknown. Here, using computational methods, we investigate the interacting determinants of CBD in two closely related endocannabinoid-activated GPCRs, the G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1). While in the former, CBD has been demonstrated to function as an antagonist, the way by which CBD modulates the CB1 receptor remains unclear. Namely, CBD has been suggested to directly trigger receptor's activation, stabilize CB1 inactive conformations or function as an allosteric modulator. From microsecond-length unbiased molecular dynamics simulations, we found that the presence of the CBD ligand in the GPR55 receptor elicit conformational changes associated with antagonist-bound GPCRs. In contrast, when the GPR55 receptor is simulated in complex with the selective agonist ML186, agonist-like conformations are sampled. These results are in agreement with the proposed modulatory function of each ligand, showing that the computational techniques utilized to characterize the GPR55 complexes correctly differentiate the agonist-bound and antagonist-bound systems. Prompted by these results, we investigated the role of the CBD compound on the CB1 receptor using similar computational approaches. The all-atom MD simulations reveal that CBD induces conformational changes linked with agonist-bound GPCRs. To contextualize the results we looked into the CB1 receptor in complex with a well-established antagonist. In contrast to the CBD/CB1 complex, when the CB1 receptor is simulated in complex with the ligand antagonist AM251, inactive conformations are explored, showing that the computational techniques utilized to characterize the CB1 complexes correctly differentiate the agonist-bound and antagonist-bound systems. In addition, our results suggest a previously unknown sodium-binding site located in the extracellular domain of the CB1 receptor. From our detailed characterization, we found particular interacting loci in the binding sites of the GPR55 and the CB1 receptors that seem to be responsible for the differential functional features of CBD. Our work will pave the way for understanding the CBD pharmacology at a molecular level and aid in harnessing its potential therapeutic use.
ABSTRACT
Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 entry into the central nervous system can result in neurological and/or neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, routes of SARS-Cov-2 entry into the brain via neuroinvasive pathways such as transcribrial, ocular surface or hematogenous system are discussed. It is argued that SARS-Cov-2-induced cytokine storm, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Further studies on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants on protein aggregation, glia or microglia activation, and blood-brain barrier are warranted.
ABSTRACT
The recombinant carboxyl-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin (Hc-TeTx) exerts neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects on the dopaminergic system of animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to determine the effect of the Hc-TeTx fragment on the markers of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress generated by the acute toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). For this purpose, the Hc-TeTx fragment was administered once a day in three 20 µg/kg consecutive injections into the grastrocnemius muscle of the rats, with an intra-striatal unilateral injection of 1 µL of MPP+ [10 µg/mL] then administered in order to cause a dopaminergic lesion. The results obtained show that the rats treated with Hc-TeTx plus MPP+ presented an increase in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a significantly greater decrease in the levels of the markers of oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and neurodegeneration than that observed for the group injured with only MPP+. Moreover, it was observed that total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and copper/zinc SOD activity increased with the administration of Hc-TeTx. Finally, immunoreactivity levels were observed to decrease for the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and the glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ipsilateral striatum of the rats treated with Hc-TeTx plus MPP+, in contrast with those lesioned with MPP+ alone. Our results demonstrate that the recombinant Hc-TeTx fragment may be a potent antioxidant and, therefore, could be suggested as a therapeutic tool against the dopaminergic neuronal impairment observed in the early stages of PD.
Subject(s)
Parkinson Disease , Tetanus Toxin , 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/toxicity , Animals , Nitrosative Stress , Oxidative Stress , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Peptide Fragments/metabolism , Rats , Tetanus Toxin/metabolism , Tetanus Toxin/toxicityABSTRACT
The phytocannabinoids of Cannabis sativa L. have, since ancient times, been proposed as a pharmacological alternative for treating various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Interestingly, cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are highly expressed in the basal ganglia (BG) circuit of both animals and humans. The BG are subcortical structures that regulate the initiation, execution, and orientation of movement. CBRs regulate dopaminergic transmission in the nigro-striatal pathway and, thus, the BG circuit also. The functioning of the BG is affected in pathologies related to movement disorders, especially those occurring in Parkinson's disease (PD), which produces motor and non-motor symptoms that involving GABAergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic neural networks. To date, the most effective medication for PD is levodopa (l-DOPA); however, long-term levodopa treatment causes a type of long-term dyskinesias, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). With neuromodulation offering a novel treatment strategy for PD patients, research has focused on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), as it participates in the physiological neuromodulation of the BG in order to control movement. CBRs have been shown to inhibit neurotransmitter release, while endocannabinoids (eCBs) play a key role in the synaptic regulation of the BG. In the past decade, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid, has been shown to have compensatory effects both on the ECS and as a neuromodulator and neuroprotector in models such as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and reserpine, as well as other PD models. Although the CBD-induced neuroprotection observed in animal models of PD has been attributed to the activation of the CB1 receptor, recent research conducted at a molecular level has proposed that CBD is capable of activating other receptors, such as CB2 and the TRPV-1 receptor, both of which are expressed in the dopaminergic neurons of the nigro-striatal pathway. These findings open new lines of scientific inquiry into the effects of CBD at the level of neural communication. Cannabidiol activates the PPARγ, GPR55, GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, and GPR18 receptors, causing a variety of biochemical, molecular, and behavioral effects due to the broad range of receptors it activates in the CNS. Given the low number of pharmacological treatment alternatives for PD currently available, the search for molecules with the therapeutic potential to improve neuronal communication is crucial. Therefore, the investigation of CBD and the mechanisms involved in its function is required in order to ascertain whether receptor activation could be a treatment alternative for both PD and LID.
ABSTRACT
Reports indicate that striatal dopaminergic damage induced by 6-hydoxydopamine (6-OHDA) can be blocked by C-terminal domain of tetanus toxin (Hc-TeTx), suggesting possible therapeutic potential of Hc-TeTx in Parkinson's disease (PD). Pramipexole (PPX), a D2/D3 dopaminergic agonist, is currently used in PD treatment. The purpose of this study was to gain some understanding of the actions of each drug, including potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and importantly, to determine whether the combination of the two drugs would be superior to each alone. Adult male Wistar rats were administered 6-OHDA into the dorso-lateral striatum, and the effects of Hc-TeTx fragment (20 µg/kg i.m. every 24 h) for 3 days; PPX (1 mg/kg p.o., every 12 h) for 30 days and their combination on various motor and neurochemical parameters were evaluated. Behavioral tests were carried out at 15 and 30 days post-treatments. At day 31, the animals were sacrificed and the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), reflecting dopaminergic activity in both striatum and substantia nigra, were evaluated. In addition, indices of astrogliosis, microgliosis, as well as oxidative stress in the striatum were determined. Both Hc-TeTx and PPX ameliorated the motor and neurochemical deficits induced by 6-OHDA lesion; however, the combination of the two drugs was not superior to each alone. Hence, at concentrations used in this study, no significant advantage in combining Hc-TeTx with PPX was noted. Although the results suggest similar neurochemical effects of the two compounds, further evaluation of different concentrations of Hc-TeTx and PPX as potential intervention in PD is warranted.
Subject(s)
Antiparkinson Agents/pharmacology , Parkinsonian Disorders/drug therapy , Peptide Fragments/pharmacology , Pramipexole/pharmacology , Tetanus Toxin/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Astrocytes/drug effects , Astrocytes/metabolism , Astrocytes/pathology , Corpus Striatum/drug effects , Corpus Striatum/metabolism , Corpus Striatum/pathology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Gliosis/drug therapy , Gliosis/metabolism , Gliosis/pathology , Male , Microglia/drug effects , Microglia/metabolism , Microglia/pathology , Motor Activity/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Oxidopamine , Parkinsonian Disorders/metabolism , Parkinsonian Disorders/pathology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción : En la carrera de Tecnología Médica de la Universidad de Chile, en el año 2014 se diseñó el curso de "Profesión, Persona y Sociedad" que se dicta en el cuarto semestre, el cual pretende que los estudiantes apliquen habilidades de comunicación verbal y no verbal, entendiendo la comunicación como una herramienta esencial para la interacción en el ámbito de las ciencias de la salud. Al finalizar la cuarta versión de este curso, es necesario indagar en el impacto que éste ha tenido en los estudiantes a través de las opiniones que han expresado en instancias de retroalimentación disponibles.Objetivos : Evaluar el impacto del curso en los estudiantes y su evolución en sus cuatro versiones (2014 - 2017) a través de variables cuantitativas en las dimensiones pedagógica, dominio disciplinar, relaciones interpersonales y responsabilidades administrativas. Además se realizó análisis cualitativo de las respuestas a preguntas abiertas con las impresiones de los estudiantes. Método : Para el período comprendido entre los años 2014 y 2016 se analizaron cuantitativa y cualitativamente las encuestas de evaluación docente del curso, se calculó la diferencia porcentual para cada variable. Para el año 2017 se evaluó, además, la reflexión personal que los estudiantes realizan del curso al finalizar el semestre a través de la técnica de análisis de discurso. Resultados : Se observa una valoración progresiva de la importancia del curso en la formación de los estudiantes conforme avanzan las versiones, logrando un impacto positivo en cada una de las generaciones. En los puntajes de todas las áreas evaluadas se observaron mejoras en las versiones, lo cual se condice con las opiniones expresadas en las respuestas abiertas. Conlusiones : El curso cumple su función de que los estudiantes valoren la importancia de la comunicación efectiva en salud como herramienta profesional. Además valoran el rol que tiene en evidenciar falencias propias y motivarlos a trabajarlas. El curso muestra mejoras concretas en su aplicación conforme avanzan sus versiones, sin embargo hay áreas en las cuales se debe seguir trabajando, lo cual es un desafío a un proceso de mejora continua(AU)
Introduction : In the Medical Techologist's University of Chile undergraduate program, in 2014 was designed the "profesión, persona y sociedad" course, that is offered in the fourth semester. This course pretends that the students apply skills relationated with verbal and non-verbal communication in the context of the work in medical scenarios. At the end of the fourth version is neccesary to know the impact that the course have had in the students for the analysis of the opinions that they have done in many retroalimentation's moments. Aim: To assess the impact of the course in the students and it's evolution through the four versions (from 2014 until 2017) with cuantitative variables in the dimensions: teaching, knowledge, interpersonal relations and administrative responsabilities. Methods : For the period between 2014 and 2016, the evaluation surveys of the course were quantitatively and qualitatively oriented, the percentage difference for each variable was calculated. For the year 2017, in addition to the teacher evaluation survey, the personal reflection that the students made the course at the end of the semester through the discourse analysis technique was evaluated. Results : A progressive assessment of the importance of the course in the formation of the students is observed as the versions advance, achieving a positive objective impact in each of the generations. In the scores of all the areas evaluated improvements were observed as the versions advanced, which is consistent with the opinions expressed in the open answers. Conclusions : The course fulfills its function that students value the importance of the development of effective communication in health as a professional tool more. On the other hand, they value their role in showing their own shortcomings and motivate them to work on them. The course shows concrete improvements in its application as its versions advance, however there are areas in which work must be continued, which is a challenge to a process of continuous improvement(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Communication , Evaluation Study , Educational MeasurementABSTRACT
Introducción: los usuarios están empoderados de sus problemas de salud y derechos, esto obliga a los hospitales docentes a compatibilizar sus funciones asistencial y docente. Los usuarios a menudo juegan un rol pasivo en las prácticas, pero el cambio curricular hacia los modelos por competencias puede ser una oportunidad para involucrar a los usuarios en su evaluación. Objetivos: conocer la disposición de los usuarios a participar en prácticas clínicas y su rol en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Métodos: se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a ocho usuarios del Centro de Imagenología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile que contenía cinco preguntas abiertas que se analizaron de manera cualtativa. Las dimensiones analizadas abordaban la opinión respecto a ser sujetos de aprendizaje y la percepción de su rol actual en el desarrollo de prácticas. Resultados: los usuarios entrevistados tienen buena disposición a participar de las prácticas clínicas, pero expresan el deseo de ser informados de manera explícita antes de ser parte de ellas. A su vez, sienten que su rol es ser un facilitador físico para el logro de competencias en los estudiantes. Si pudieran evaluar a un estudiante luego de la atención, sienten que su colaboración sería para fortalecer habilidades comunicacionales de los estudiantes. Conclusiones: la disposición de los usuarios constatada en este estudio puede ser usada como un recurso para introducir la opinión del usuario en la evaluación de prácticas clínicas, de los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica de la Universidad de Chile. Es necesario implantar la solicitud de consentimiento informado explícito de actividades docentes para afianzar la disposición evidenciada(AU)
Introduction: The users are empowered regarding their rights and health issues, which compels the teaching hospitals to make their health care and teaching functions compatible. The users sometimes play a passive role in the internships, but the curricular change towards the competence models may be an opportunity to engage the users in their assessment. Objective: Know the users' willingness to participate in the clinical internships and their role in the teaching-learning process. Methods: A semi-structured interview with eight open questions qualitatively analyzed was conducted on eight users of the Image Center of the Clinical Hospital at the University of Chile. The analyzed dimensions considered their opinions about being subjects of the learning process and their perception about their current role in the development of internships. Results: The users interviewed have a goodwill to participate in the clinical internships, but express their wish to be explicitly informed before being part of them. They also feel that their role is being a physical facilitator for the students' competences. They feel that, if they could evaluate a student's after being treated, their cooperation would strengthen the students' communication skills. Conclusions: The users' willingness verified in this study may be used as a resource to introduce the user's opinion into the evaluation of clinical internships of the Medical Technology students of University of Chile. The explicit and informed consent request for teaching activities need to be implemented to consolidate the willingness shown(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Technology/education , Clinical Clerkship , Feedback , Consumer Organizations , ChileABSTRACT
Introducción: los usuarios están empoderados de sus problemas de salud y derechos, esto obliga a los hospitales docentes a compatibilizar sus funciones asistencial y docente. Los usuarios a menudo juegan un rol pasivo en las prácticas, pero el cambio curricular hacia los modelos por competencias puede ser una oportunidad para involucrar a los usuarios en su evaluación. Objetivos: conocer la disposición de los usuarios a participar en prácticas clínicas y su rol en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Métodos: se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a ocho usuarios del Centro de Imagenología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile que contenía cinco preguntas abiertas que se analizaron de manera cualtativa. Las dimensiones analizadas abordaban la opinión respecto a ser sujetos de aprendizaje y la percepción de su rol actual en el desarrollo de prácticas. Resultados: los usuarios entrevistados tienen buena disposición a participar de las prácticas clínicas, pero expresan el deseo de ser informados de manera explícita antes de ser parte de ellas. A su vez, sienten que su rol es ser un facilitador físico para el logro de competencias en los estudiantes. Si pudieran evaluar a un estudiante luego de la atención, sienten que su colaboración sería para fortalecer habilidades comunicacionales de los estudiantes. Conclusiones: la disposición de los usuarios constatada en este estudio puede ser usada como un recurso para introducir la opinión del usuario en la evaluación de prácticas clínicas, de los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica de la Universidad de Chile. Es necesario implantar la solicitud de consentimiento informado explícito de actividades docentes para afianzar la disposición evidenciada(AU)
Introduction: The users are empowered regarding their rights and health issues, which compels the teaching hospitals to make their health care and teaching functions compatible. The users sometimes play a passive role in the internships, but the curricular change towards the competence models may be an opportunity to engage the users in their assessment. Objective: Know the users' willingness to participate in the clinical internships and their role in the teaching-learning process. Methods: A semi-structured interview with eight open questions qualitatively analyzed was conducted on eight users of the Image Center of the Clinical Hospital at the University of Chile. The analyzed dimensions considered their opinions about being subjects of the learning process and their perception about their current role in the development of internships. Results: The users interviewed have a goodwill to participate in the clinical internships, but express their wish to be explicitly informed before being part of them. They also feel that their role is being a physical facilitator for the students' competences. They feel that, if they could evaluate a student's after being treated, their cooperation would strengthen the students' communication skills. Conclusions: The users' willingness verified in this study may be used as a resource to introduce the user's opinion into the evaluation of clinical internships of the Medical Technology students of University of Chile. The explicit and informed consent request for teaching activities need to be implemented to consolidate the willingness shown(AU)
Subject(s)
Clinical Clerkship , Consumer Organizations , Biomedical Technology/education , Feedback , ChileABSTRACT
É possível que a expressividade de alguns elementos do plasma seminal dos bovinos, como proteínas e hormônios, possa servir como marcadores para sêmen de alta ou baixa fertilidade. Vários estudos têm demonstrado a associação de proteínas do plasma seminal com a fertilidade de touros. Dentre as mais estudadas, destacam-se aquelas com afinidade à heparina, que exercem importantes papéis na capacitação espermática e na reação acrossômica. Alguns fatores endócrinos e/ou locais, podem estar associados à expressividade e/ou função destas proteínas, auxiliando nas condições espermáticas favoráveis à fecundação. Dentre estes, destacam-se a insulina, a leptina e o fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina do tipo I. Assim sendo, evidenciam diferenças entre animais, estando associados à estrutura e as condições metabólicas da célula espermática, auxiliando na determinação da qualidade do plasma seminal. Desta maneira, o estudo das proteínas do plasma seminal asociado à condição metabólica destes hormônios, presentes neste meio, pode servir como importante parâmetro de avaliação da condição reprodutiva do macho
It is possible that the expression of some elements in seminal plasma, such as proteins and hormones, may act as markers of quality. Several studies have demonstrated an association of seminal plasma proteins with fertility. Among the most studied, there are the proteins with affinity to heparin, which play an important role in sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. Some endocrine factors and/or locals may be associated with the expression and function of these proteins, aiding in sperm condition conducive to fertilization. Among them stand out as insulin, leptin and growth factor insulin-like type I. Thesefactors may highlight the differences between these animals because they are associated with the metabolic condition and structure of sperm cells, aiding in determining the quality of seminal plasma. Thus, the study of seminal plasma proteins associated with the metabolic condition of these hormones are present in this medium can serve as a new parameter for assessment of male reproductive condition...
