Influence of Application Modes on Increasing Bond Strength Longevity of Self-etching and Universal Adhesive Systems to Enamel.

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of application mode on the short-term microshear bond strength longevity of self-etching and universal adhesive systems to enamel, the failure mode, and the resulting enamel surface micromorphology. Ninety enamel surfaces were obtained from sound third molars, planed, and randomly assigned to nine groups, according to the application mode and the adhesive system (n=10). There were three primer application modes: according to the manufacturer's recommended application time (control), using double the application time recommended for the primer and selective enamel etching. The adhesive systems used were: Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), FL-Bond II (SHOFU), and Futurabond U (Voco). At least two resin-bonded composite cylinders (Grandioso Light Flow, Voco) were placed on each enamel surface, and then evaluated for microshear bond strength at 24 hours and 180 days of storage in solution body fluid (SBF) at pH 7.4. Failure modes were evaluated with a stereoscopic microscope at 20× magnification. A micromorphological analysis of the enamel surface was performed under a scanning electron microscope at 5000× magnification before and after the treatments. Mixed models for repeated measures over time showed significant interaction among application modes, adhesive systems, and time periods (p=0.0331). The bond strength of FL-Bond II adhesive to enamel observed after performing selective enamel etching was significantly higher than that observed after applying the control treatment (p=0.0010) at both 24 hours and 180 days. However, no significant difference was observed between the application of this same adhesive at double the time recommended by the manufacturer and the other two application modes (p>0.05). There was also no significant difference in the microshear bond strength for the enamel treatments applied using Clearfil SE Bond and Futurabond U (p>0.05). A significant reduction in bond strength to enamel was observed at the 180-day storage time for all the adhesive systems when selective enamel etching was performed (p<0.0001). No significant association was observed between the adhesive system failure mode and the enamel treatments (p=0.1402 and p=0.7590 for 24 hours and 180 days, respectively). The most prevalent failure was the adhesive type.

Chloroplastic pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPR) in albino plantlets of Agave angustifolia Haw. reveal unexpected behavior.

BACKGROUND: Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins play an essential role in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes in plastid genomes. Although important advances have been made in understanding the functions of these genes, there is little information available on chloroplastic PPR genes in non-model plants and less in plants without chloroplasts. In the present study, a comprehensive and multifactorial bioinformatic strategy was applied to search for putative PPR genes in the foliar and meristematic tissues of green and albino plantlets of the non-model plant Agave angustifolia Haw. RESULTS: A total of 1581 PPR transcripts were identified, of which 282 were chloroplastic. Leaf tissue in the albino plantlets showed the highest levels of expression of chloroplastic PPRs. The search for hypothetical targets of 12 PPR sequences in the chloroplast genes of A. angustifolia revealed their action on transcripts related to ribosomes and translation, photosystems, ATP synthase, plastid-encoded RNA polymerase and RuBisCO. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the expression of PPR genes depends on the state of cell differentiation and plastid development. In the case of the albino leaf tissue, which lacks functional chloroplasts, it is possible that anterograde and retrograde signaling networks are severely compromised, leading to a compensatory anterograde response characterized by an increase in the expression of PPR genes.

Lysine crotonylation: A challenging new player in the epigenetic regulation of plants.

Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a newly discovered post-translational modification, which is structurally and functionally different from the widely studied lysine acetylation. Kcr is found on histones and non-histone proteins, participating in many biological processes through the regulation of chromatin remodeling, metabolism, cell cycle and cellular organization. Among plants, Kcr in histones is not found in the same lysine residues but increases gene expression when it is co-localized with lysine acetylation. Kcr in non-histone proteins is mainly found in the chloroplast, which provides new insight into photosynthesis. In this review, we discuss recent findings on plant Kcr in histone and non-histone proteins, highlighting its biological implications. These findings not only point to new functions for Kcr, but also reveal the mechanisms by which crotonylation regulates cellular processes in plants and may even change the general direction of epigenome and plant regulation.

Significant differences in access to tests and treatments for multiple myeloma between public and private systems in Latin America. Results of a Latin American survey. GELAMM (Grupo de Estudio Latino Americano de Mieloma Múltiple).

The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) has increased in the last 20 years, particularly in middle and low-middle income countries. Access to diagnostic and prognostic tests and the availability of effective care is highly variable globally. Latin America represents 10% of the world population, distributed in countries of varied size, population, and socio-economic development. In the last decade, great improvements have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of MM. Applying these advances in real life is a challenge in our region. Local data regarding MM standards of care and outcomes are limited. A survey was carried out among hematologists from 15 Latin American countries to describe access to MM diagnostic and prognostic tests and the availability of effective care options. This study provides real-world data for MM in our region, highlighting striking differences between public and private access to essential analyses and therapeutic options.

The Role of Pathogenic E. coli in Fresh Vegetables: Behavior, Contamination Factors, and Preventive Measures.

Many raw vegetables, such as tomato, chili, onion, lettuce, arugula, spinach, and cilantro, are incorporated into fresh dishes including ready-to-eat salads and sauces. The consumption of these foods confers a high nutritional value to the human diet. However, the number of foodborne outbreaks associated with fresh produce has been increasing, with Escherichia coli being the most common pathogen associated with them. In humans, pathogenic E. coli strains cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and other indications. Vegetables can be contaminated with E. coli at any point from pre- to postharvest. This bacterium is able to survive in many environmental conditions due to a variety of mechanisms, such as adhesion to surfaces and internalization in fresh products, thereby limiting the usefulness of conventional processing and chemical sanitizing methods used by the food industry. The aim of this review is to provide a general description of the behavior and importance of pathogenic E. coli in ready-to-eat vegetable dishes. This information can contribute to the development of effective control measures for enhancing food safety.

Increased renal damage in hypocomplementemic patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis: retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: The complement system has an important role in the pathogenesis of vasculitis associated with antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (AAV) mainly at the level of the kidneys because patients with complement deposits on the glomerular basal membrane present more aggressive disease compared with those with pauci-immune vasculitis. AIM: To analyze the association of hypocomplementemia with the clinical manifestations, laboratory data, renal histology, progress to renal insufficiency, and mortality of patients with AAV. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study (2000-2007) included 93 patients with AAV. Hypocomplementemia is defined as having C3 values lower than 80 mg/dL or C4 values below 15 mg/dL. Demographic, statistical, clinical, hematological, serological, and histopathological characteristics of all the patients with and without diagnosis of hypocomplementemia were compared. In order to evaluate variable independence, a logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients were studied of whom 63 (67.7%) had complement dosage at the moment of AAV diagnosis. Seven patients (11.1%) presented hypocomplementemia and a greater kidney involvement compared with normocomplementemic patients. Thirty renal biopsies were analyzed and 4 (13.3%) showed immunocomplex (IC) or complement deposits by an immunofluorescence test (IFT). Patients with "non-pauci-immune" AAV also presented terminal chronic renal disease (TCRD). CONCLUSION: There is an association between low complement and the degree of renal damage in patients with AAV. Patients with renal biopsies confirming IC and/or complement deposits showed more aggressive renal disease. Key Points • The complement system has an important role in the pathogenesis of vasculitis associated to antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody. • The studies in murine models confirming the complement activation by alternative pathway and particularly the receptor C5a (C5aR) is necessary for the development of glomerulonefritis. • Complement deposit observed in the renal biopsies of patients diagnosed with AAV was correlated to greater kidney damage, greater proteinuria and major disease activity compared to patients diagnosed with typical pauci-immune vasculitis. • The presence of hypocomplementemia at the onset of the disease was also associated with a greater organ involvement, poor prognosis and greater mortality.

Validity of Knee-Estimated Height to Assess Standing Height in Older Adults: A Secondary Longitudinal Analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to test the validity of height estimated by knee height in Mexican older adults, as a surrogate for standing height. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Data were drawn from the first and third waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. PARTICIPANTS: Included participants were community-dwelling 50-year or older adults with measured height at baseline and in follow-up. Subjects with a lower limb fracture in the follow-up were excluded. MEASUREMENTS: Main measurements were baseline standing height and 11-year follow-up and knee-estimated height in follow-up. Population specific equations were used to estimate standing height from knee height. Comparisons between baseline standing height and knee-derived height were done with simple correlations, limits of agreement (Bland-Altman plot) and Deming regressions. RESULTS: A total of 136 50-year or older adults were followed-up for eleven years, with a mean age of 60. There was a positive correlation between knee-estimated height and baseline standing height of 0.895 (p<0.001) for men and of 0.845 (p<0.001) for women. Limits of agreement for men were from -6.95cm to 7.09cm and for women from -6.58cm to 8.44cm. CONCLUSION: According to our results, knee-estimated height could be used interchangeably with standing height in Mexican older adults, and these results might apply also to other populations.

M. tuberculosis DNA detection in nasopharyngeal mucosa can precede tuberculosis development in contacts.

BACKGROUND: The nasopharynx is a known gateway for some mycobacterial species such as Mycobacterium bovis and M. leprae. M. tuberculosis can cross lymphoepithelial barriers in vitro, but its ability to colonise the nasopharyngeal mucosa in vivo has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To determine if M. tuberculosis can be transiently detected in nasopharyngeal mucosa of tuberculosis (TB) contacts as a preliminary step in the development of tuberculous infection. DESIGN: Exploratory study conducted among asymptomatic household contacts of pulmonary TB cases. A chest X-ray, QuantiFERON(®) TB-Gold or tuberculin skin test and a bilateral nasopharyngeal swab for Xpert(®) MTB/RIF and mycobacterial culture were performed at baseline and repeated 8-12 weeks later. RESULTS: Eighty-nine contacts were enrolled a median of 9 days after the diagnosis of the index case. At baseline, 29.9% were positive for latent tuberculous infection and one subject (1.1%) had a positive Xpert in the nasopharyngeal swab with a normal chest X-ray, negative QuantiFERON and negative induced sputum. After 12 weeks' follow-up, this subject developed a new cough and upper lobe infiltrates and M. tuberculosis grew in sputum. No other cases of active TB were detected at follow-up. CONCLUSION: The detection of M. tuberculosis DNA in the nasopharyngeal mucosa of contacts is an infrequent event that in this instance preceded the development of pulmonary TB. Its pathogenic role requires further investigation.

Frailty Across Age Groups.

BACKGROUND: The implementation of an aging biomarker into clinical practice is under debate. The Frailty Index is a model of deficit accumulation and has shown to accurately capture frailty in older adults, thus bridging biological with clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: To describe the association of socio-demographic characteristics and the Frailty Index in different age groups (from 20 to over one hundred years) in a representative sample of Mexican subjects. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: Nationwide and population-representative survey. PARTICIPANTS: Adults 20-years and older interviewed during the last Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (2012). MEASUREMENTS: A 30-item Frailty Index following standard construction was developed. Multi-level regression models were performed to test the associations of the Frailty Index with multiple socio-demographic characteristics across age groups. RESULTS: A total of 29,504 subjects was analyzed. The 30-item Frailty Index showed the highest scores in the older age groups, especially in women. No sociodemographic variable was associated with the Frailty Index in all the studied age groups. However, employment, economic income, and smoking status were more consistently found across age groups. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the Frailty Index in a representative large sample of a Latin American country. Increasing age and gender were closely associated with a higher score.

The emerging role of Snail1 in the tumor stroma.

The transcription factor Snail1 leads to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing the adherent and tight junctions in epithelial cells. This process is related to an increase of cell migratory and mesenchymal properties during both embryonic development and tumor progression. Although Snail1 expression is very limited in adult animals, emerging evidence has placed Snail at the forefront of medical science. As a transcriptional repressor, Snail1 confers cancer stem cell-like traits on tumor cells and promotes drug resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis. In this review, we summarize recent reports that suggest the pro-tumorigenic roles of Snail1 expression in tumor stroma. The crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells mediated by Snail1 regulates paracrine communication, pro-tumorigenic abilities of cancer cells, extracellular matrix characteristics and mesenchymal differentiation in cancer stem cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Therefore, understanding the regulation and functional roles of Snail1 in the tumor microenvironment will provide us with new therapies for treating metastatic disease.

Metotrexato en condromatosis sinovial: una serendipia / Methotrexate in sinovial chondromatosis: a case of serendipity

La condromatosis sinovial es una metaplasia idiopática benigna de la membrana sinovial que afecta a 1/100.000 habitantes, en una relación hombre/mujer de 3 a 1 entre los 30 y 50 años. Predomina en grandes articulaciones como rodilla (70%), cadera (20%) y hombro (19%), y en menor proporción en codo y tobillo. Puede ser primaria o secundaria. La etiología es desconocida. La resolución es quirúrgica ya sea por artroscopia o por cirugía a cielo abierto, no existiendo otra alternativa terapéutica. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente con condromatosis sinovial en hombro derecho, que se comporta como una artropatía erosiva, indicándose metotrexato y resolviendo casi totalmente los nódulos condromatosos.

The synovial chondromatosis is a benign idiopathic metaplasia ofthe synovial membrane which affects one in 100,000 inhabitants. Itis 3 times more common in males, aged between 30 and 50 yearsold. It is commonly found in large joints such as knee (70%), hip(20%) and shoulder (19%) and less frequently in elbow and heel. Itcan be primary or secondary. The etiology is still unknown.The resolution is surgical by means of arthroscopy or open surgery,existing no other therapeutic alternatives.We present a male patient with primary synovial chondromatosis inthe right shoulder, leading to an erosive arthropathy. Treatment withmethotrexate resolved almost entirely the cartilaginous nodules.

Genetic analysis in APC, KRAS, and TP53 in patients with stomach and colon cancer.

BACKGROUND: Stomach cancer (SC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) present with high rates of incidence and mortality in the worldwide population. These 2 tumors are characterized by great genetic heterogeneity. Up to now, there have been no molecular studies that analyze the mutations in the APC, KRAS, and TP53 genes in the Colombian/Latin American population. OBJECTIVES: To analyze mutations in the APC, KRAS, and TP53 genes through direct sequencing in 59 patients with SC and CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with SC and 30 with CRC were studied. An analysis of the mutations of the 3 genes was carried out using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing techniques. RESULTS: A 30.5% total mutation frequency was found. The most frequently mutated gene was APC (15.3%), followed by KRAS (10.1%) and TP53 (5.1%). The CRC samples had a mutation frequency of 46.7% and it was 13.3% in the SC samples (P=.006). No mutations occurred simultaneously in the 3 genes. Mutations in 2 genes were found in only 6 tumor samples (10%). There was also a high frequency of polymorphisms in both types of cancer, the most common of which was the rs41115 polymorphism, located on the APC gene. CONCLUSION: The APC, KRAS, and TP53 gene mutations were more common in CRC than in SC. Our results suggest the existence of different genetic pathways in the carcinogenesis of SC and CRC and they also reveal a particular mutation frequency in the Colombian patients studied; this could be influenced by factors related to the environment, ethnicity, and lifestyle of this population.

Complicaciones endocrinometabólicas de la obesidad en niños y adolescentes / Endocrine and cardiovascular complications of obesity in children and adolescents

La obesidad es la causa más común de insulinorresistencia en niños y adolescentes. La misma presenta un aumento de su prevalencia involucrando a todos los grupos etarios. La insulinorresistencia determina disturbios metabólicos que son deletéreos para el árbol vascular y otros tejidos. Además se demostró una asociación entre insulinorresistencia e hiperinsulinemia con mayor prevalencia de nódulos tiroideos y aumento del tamaño de la tiroides, que estaría relacionado a la acción bociógena de la insulina y el IGF-1. El objetivo fue evaluar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, la presencia de esteatosis hepática y su asociación con hiperinsulinismo. Realizamos un estudio transversal descriptivo de 75 niños entre 2 y 14 años que consultaron al Servicio de Endocrinología en un lapso de 14 meses. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC), glucemia, insulinemia, índice HOMA, acantosis nigricans, transaminasas hepáticas, perfil lipídico, cortisol 8 hs, perfil tiroideo con anticuerpos, ecografía tiroidea y abdominal. Encontramos que 60% de la población presentó niveles de insulina elevados (>15 AUI/ml) con aumento progresivo de la prevalencia de acantosis nigricans, el 12,3% tuvo glucemias alteradas de ayuno y 66,6% índice HOMA >3. El 90% de los pacientes con ecografía tiroidea heterogénea presentó hiperinsulinismo (p <0,05), hallándose nódulos tiroideos en 5 (9,8%) de ellos. Evaluamos la posible relación entrenódulos tiroideos e hiperinsulinismo, y encontramos una asociación positiva en el 80%. La obesidad infantil debeser considerada un problema de salud pública.(AU)

Obesity is the most common cause of insulin resistance in children and adolescents. It has increasing prevalence and involves all age groups. Insulin resistance determines metabolic disturbances that are deleterious to the vasculature and other tissues. An association between insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia on the one side and increased prevalence of thyroidnodules and enlargement of the thyroid gland on the other has been demonstrated, which could be related to the goitrogenic action of insulin and IGF-1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, the presence of hepatic steatosis and its association with hyperinsulinism. We performed a cross sectional study of 75 childrenbetween 2 and 14 years (mean 10 years) who visited the Department of Endocrinology during a span of 14 months.We analyzed the following variables: weight, height, body mass index (BMI), glucose, insulin, HOMA, acanthosis nigricans, liver transaminases, lipid profile, cortisol at 8 AM, thyroid function tests and thyroid antibodies, thyroid and abdominalultrasonography. In our study we found that 60% of the population showed elevated insulin levels (>15 ýIU/ml) with progressive increase in the prevalence of acanthosis nigricans, and 12.3% showed inappropriate glucose levels. Ninety per cent of patients with heterogeneous thyroid ultrasonography had hyperinsulinemia (p <0.05), and thyroid nodules were found in 5 of them (9.8%). We assessed the possible relationship between thyroid nodules and hyperinsulinism, and founda positive association in 80% of the cases. Childhood obesity should be considered a public health problem.(AU)

Complicaciones endocrinometabólicas de la obesidad en niños y adolescentes / Endocrine and cardiovascular complications of obesity in children and adolescents

La obesidad es la causa más común de insulinorresistencia en niños y adolescentes. La misma presenta un aumento de su prevalencia involucrando a todos los grupos etarios. La insulinorresistencia determina disturbios metabólicos que son deletéreos para el árbol vascular y otros tejidos. Además se demostró una asociación entre insulinorresistencia e hiperinsulinemia con mayor prevalencia de nódulos tiroideos y aumento del tamaño de la tiroides, que estaría relacionado a la acción bociógena de la insulina y el IGF-1. El objetivo fue evaluar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, la presencia de esteatosis hepática y su asociación con hiperinsulinismo. Realizamos un estudio transversal descriptivo de 75 niños entre 2 y 14 años que consultaron al Servicio de Endocrinología en un lapso de 14 meses. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC), glucemia, insulinemia, índice HOMA, acantosis nigricans, transaminasas hepáticas, perfil lipídico, cortisol 8 hs, perfil tiroideo con anticuerpos, ecografía tiroidea y abdominal. Encontramos que 60% de la población presentó niveles de insulina elevados (>15 µUI/ml) con aumento progresivo de la prevalencia de acantosis nigricans, el 12,3% tuvo glucemias alteradas de ayuno y 66,6% índice HOMA >3. El 90% de los pacientes con ecografía tiroidea heterogénea presentó hiperinsulinismo (p <0,05), hallándose nódulos tiroideos en 5 (9,8%) de ellos. Evaluamos la posible relación entrenódulos tiroideos e hiperinsulinismo, y encontramos una asociación positiva en el 80%. La obesidad infantil debeser considerada un problema de salud pública.

Obesity is the most common cause of insulin resistance in children and adolescents. It has increasing prevalence and involves all age groups. Insulin resistance determines metabolic disturbances that are deleterious to the vasculature and other tissues. An association between insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia on the one side and increased prevalence of thyroidnodules and enlargement of the thyroid gland on the other has been demonstrated, which could be related to the goitrogenic action of insulin and IGF-1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, the presence of hepatic steatosis and its association with hyperinsulinism. We performed a cross sectional study of 75 childrenbetween 2 and 14 years (mean 10 years) who visited the Department of Endocrinology during a span of 14 months.We analyzed the following variables: weight, height, body mass index (BMI), glucose, insulin, HOMA, acanthosis nigricans, liver transaminases, lipid profile, cortisol at 8 AM, thyroid function tests and thyroid antibodies, thyroid and abdominalultrasonography. In our study we found that 60% of the population showed elevated insulin levels (>15 ìIU/ml) with progressive increase in the prevalence of acanthosis nigricans, and 12.3% showed inappropriate glucose levels. Ninety per cent of patients with heterogeneous thyroid ultrasonography had hyperinsulinemia (p <0.05), and thyroid nodules were found in 5 of them (9.8%). We assessed the possible relationship between thyroid nodules and hyperinsulinism, and founda positive association in 80% of the cases. Childhood obesity should be considered a public health problem.

Sexo y sexualidad, complejidad de la identidad humana / Sex, sexuality, complexity of human identity / Sexo e sexualidade, a complexidade da identidade humana

En este artículo se presenta un proceso diagnóstico de necesidades en salud sexual y reproductiva de los estudiantes \r\nde VII semestre de Enfermería en una institución de educación superior en la ciudad de Bogotá, que hacen su rotación \r\nde Salud Pública en Salud Sexual y Reproductiva. Esto fue la base práctica para elaborar un proyecto de educación \r\nsexual, dirigida a la población estudiantil adolescente de educación básica secundaria (edad promedio 16 años). A \r\npartir de aquí se plantea una postura foucaultiana, que desde la arqueología, contribuya a una nueva perspectiva sobre \r\nla sexualidad en nuestras sociedades en Occidente.\r\nAdemás se analiza cómo la sexualidad es un fenómeno complejo que no se puede dividir y que tiene su punto de \r\ninflexión en el proceso formativo familiar y en el proceso educativo académico, en las enseñanzas del maestro hacia \r\nel educando y, cómo a su vez, este retroalimenta la interacción con las construcciones personales desde su propio \r\ncontexto. Estas múltiples posibilidades del Homo eroticus se organizan en una intrincada red de creencias, emociones, \r\ngustos, deseos, gestos, mociones estéticas, conceptos, prácticas o actividades sociales que demuestran la complejidad \r\ny dinámica cambiante del erotismo, como una fuente inagotable del sentido humano.

In this article we present an assessment of needs in sexual \r\nand reproductive health as part of the practice of students \r\nin VII semester of Nursing at a Higher Education Institu\r\n-\r\ntion in the City of Bogotá, who make rotations of Public \r\nHealth in sexual and reproductive health, which was the \r\npractical basis for the development of a sex education \r\nproject aimed at high school student (approximate mean \r\nage 16 years). From here there is a Foucauldian stance, \r\nthat from archeology contributes to a new perspective on \r\nsexuality in our societies in the West.\r\nWe also consider how sexuality is a "complex pheno\r\n-\r\nmenon " that can not be divided, has a point of inflection \r\nin the family formation process and in the academic \r\neducational process, from the professor's teachings to the \r\nstudent and how this student, in turn, provides feedback \r\nwith personal ideas from their own point of view. These \r\nmultiple possibilities of homo eroticus are organized \r\nin an intricate web of beliefs, emotions, tastes, desires, \r\ngestures, motions, aesthetic concepts, practices or social \r\nactivities that demonstrate the complexity and changing \r\ndynamics of eroticism, as an inexhaustible source of \r\nhuman consciousness.

Nesta palestra, apresentamos um processo de avaliação \r\ndas necessidades na saúde sexual e reprodutiva como \r\nparte da prática dos alunos no VII semestre de enfer\r\n-\r\nmagem de uma instituição de ensino superior na cidade de \r\nBogotá. Esta clinica é parte da rotação de Saúde Pública \r\n/ Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva, que serve de base para o \r\ndesenvolvimento de um projeto de educação sexual diri\r\n-\r\ngida à população de estudantes adolecentes do ensino \r\nsecundário com idade média de 16 anos. A partir deste \r\nponto há uma postura foucaultiana, da arqueologia, que \r\ncontribui para uma perspectiva nova sobre a sexualidade \r\nem nossas sociedades ocidentais.\r\nAlem diso e proposto que a sexualidade é um fenômeno \r\n«complexo¼ por tanto não pode ser dividido. Ele começa \r\ncomo profesor em direção ao aluno que por sua vez da \r\nfeedback com o que ele controi no seu próprio contexto. \r\nEstas múltiplas possibilidades de homo eroticus são orga\r\n-\r\nnizadas em uma intrinca teia de crenças, emoções, gostos, \r\ndesejos, gestos, movimentos estéticos, conceitos, práticas \r\nou atividades sociais que demonstram a complexidade \r\ne a mudança dinâmica do erotismo, como uma fonte \r\ninesgotável da consciência humana. Vivemos uma sexua\r\n-\r\nlidade deformada, silenciada e mutilada.

A chimeric cyclic interferon-α2b peptide induces apoptosis by sequential activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase Cδ and p38 MAP kinase.

We have previously demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1/3 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation are involved in the apoptotic response triggered by a chimeric cyclic peptide of the interferon-α2b (IFN-α2b) in WISH cells. Since the peptide also induced serine phosphorylation of STAT proteins, in the present study we examined the kinase involved in serine STAT1 phosphorylation and the signaling effectors acting upstream such activation. We first found that p38 MAPK is involved in serine STAT1 phosphorylation, since a reduction of phophoserine-STAT1 levels was evident after incubating WISH cells with cyclic peptide in the presence of a p38 pharmacological inhibitor or a dominant-negative p38 mutant. Next, we demonstrated that the peptide induced activation of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ). Based on this finding, the role of this kinase was then evaluated. After incubating WISH cells with a PKCδ inhibitor or after decreasing PKCδ expression levels by RNA interference, both peptide-induced serine STAT1 and p38 phosphorylation levels were significantly decreased, indicating that PKCδ functions as an upstream regulator of p38. We also showed that PKCδ and p38 activation stimulated by the peptide was inhibited by a specific pharmacological inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or by a dominant-negative p85 PI3K-regulatory subunit, suggesting that PI3K is upstream in the signaling cascade. In addition, the role of PI3K and PKCδ in cyclic peptide-induced apoptosis was examined. Both signaling effectors were found to regulate the antiproliferative activity and the apoptotic response triggered by the cyclic peptide in WISH cells. In conclusion, we herein demonstrated that STAT1 serine phosphorylation is mediated by the sequential activation of PI3K, PKCδ and p38 MAPK. This signaling cascade contributes to the antitumor effect induced by the chimeric IFN-α2b cyclic peptide in WISH cells.

Vida útil de uchva (Phisalys peruviana L. ) mínimamente procesada y adicionada con calcio y vitaminas B9 D y E / Shelf life of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L. ) minimally processed and added with calcium and vitamins B9, D and E

Background: Functional Foods are considered nowadays by consumers as the range of foods of major interest. Objectives: The aim of the present work was the evaluation of color, texture and sensorial properties of fresh Cape Gooseberry (FG) and vacuum impregnated Cape Gooseberry (IG) with calcium and vitamins B9, C, D and E during storage at 4ºC. Methods: Entire cape gooseberries were vacuum impregnated (VI) with tocopherol and cholecalciferol emulsified in aqueous phase with sucrose, ascorbic acid, folic acid, calcium chloride, calcium fumarate, low methoxyl pectin, isolated soy protein, tensoactives and preservatives. The texture was determined from puncture assays, and the color from the CIE Lab coordinates. The sensorial profile was determined with the aid of trained panelists, through a multidimensional approach of characteristic descriptors of general appearance, odor, taste and texture. Results: The instrumental values of color and texture for IG were significantly different from the FG, because are being softer, more elastic, darker, brighter and of less color saturation. The samples of FG and IG presented intense sensorial characteristics in the descriptors orange color, brightness, spherical uniformity, smooth surface, fresh appearance, odor, cape gooseberry characteristic taste and frutal, fleshy texture, juicy, firmness and turgidity. By the effect of VI process the most relevant significant differences were the descriptors orange color, superficial stains, fresh appearance, sweet taste and cape gooseberry characteristic taste, soft texture, firmness and juicy; whereas for the effect of storage time were fresh appearance, dehydrated appearance, peduncle cicatrization, aromatic odor, overripe, cape gooseberry characteristic taste, frutal taste, soft texture, juicy, firmness and turgidity. Conclusions: The VI significantly affects the objective assessment of color and texture, finding correspondence with the sensorial evaluation...

The use of metered-dose inhalers in hospital environments.

BACKGROUND: Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) have become a firsthand therapeutic strategy for the management of respiratory diseases, mainly for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. It has been determined, however, that patients do not always use these devices correctly. Our primary goal was to establish the level of technical knowledge of patients with COPD and/or asthma on the use of MDIs, as well as other associated factors related to the effective use of this delivery method. METHODOLOGY: This study was performed with 191 patients (49.2% male, 50.8% female) diagnosed with COPD and/or asthma at Hospital Universitario Mayor (Bogotá, Colombia). The agreement between different observers on nine aspects of the use of the inhaler was assessed by testing the unweighted kappa correlation coefficient and its significance. The correlations between demographic variables, risk factors, and proper knowledge of the adequate use of inhalers were established by means of the Pearson chi-square test (also called Fisher exact test) (expected values less than 5). Statistical tests were evaluated at a significance level equivalent to 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The study detected deficiencies in educational factors, specifically regarding the initial contact with the patient and regular follow-up by the team of health professionals. It also showed insufficient strategies for the training of patients in the use of the inhalers. There were no significant differences by gender (p>0.05) in the implementation of the various aspects of the proper use sequence for MDIs. However, there were significant differences related to education levels, socioeconomic status, age, and current occupation. A worse inhaler technique was associated with lower education level (0.034), higher age (p=0.003), and absence of job (p=0.005). Changes in the education of patients on the issue, together with the use of the spacer/valved holding chamber proved to be valid strategies that, with the support of the patients' health-care team, were able to improve the MDI technique of the studied group.

Overweight and obesity as markers for the evaluation of disease risk in older adults.

OBJECTIVES: To explore disease risk through the measurement of BMI scores and waist circumferences in older Mexican adults with favorable health statuses and to determine how this risk is associated with sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 2006, we created a cross-sectional design and selected 878 participants (60 years or older) who had favorable health statuses. The demographic data, health status, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and an estimation of disease risk (arterial hypertension, diabetes type 2, and metabolic syndrome) were obtained through the survey. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were 42.1%, 29.7%, and 80.9%, respectively. Disease risks, which were classified as least, increased, high, or very high, were 14.7%, 17.5%, 38.7%, and 29.1%, respectively. We observed that younger age has a higher risk for disease and that this decreases as age increases until it becomes minimal. After controlling for some risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, and physical activity, we observed that being female, younger, and married are all factors significantly associated with a high and very high risk for disease. On the other hand, being indigenous, having a low education level, living in a rural setting are all protective factors with a minimum disease risk. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity are high among older Mexican adults. We observed that as age increases, disease risk decreases, which also occurs with some lifestyle factors such as living in a rural setting, being indigenous, having a low education level, and being married.