ABSTRACT
The methanolic crude extract from the roots of Jacquinia flammea showed moderate antifungal activity against dermatophytes and very strong antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The bioassay-guided purification of the extract, using a combination of vacuum-liquid chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, allowed the identification of sakurasosaponin as the main metabolite responsible for the antifungal activity.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Roots/chemistry , Primulaceae/chemistry , Saponins/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/analysis , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Arthrodermataceae/drug effects , Chromatography, Liquid , Colletotrichum/drug effects , Methanol , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Saponins/analysis , Saponins/chemistryABSTRACT
Betulinic acid (1), isolated from the crude extract of the leaves of Pentalinon andrieuxii (Apocynaceae), together with betulinic acid acetate (2), betulonic acid (3), betulinic acid methyl ester (4), and betulin (5) were evaluated for their antiprotozoal activity. The results showed that modifying the C-3 position increases leishmanicidal activity while modification of the C-3 and C-28 positions decreases trypanocidal activity.
Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Apocynaceae/chemistry , Leishmania/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Triterpenes/pharmacology , Trypanosoma/drug effects , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemical synthesis , Antiprotozoal Agents/isolation & purification , Molecular Structure , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Pentacyclic Triterpenes , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves , Triterpenes/chemistry , Triterpenes/isolation & purification , Betulinic AcidABSTRACT
A number of flavonoids isolated from Lonchocarpus spp. were evaluated for their antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activity. Flavone 6 and chalcone 7 were found to be the most active against Leishmania parasites and against cell cultures of Leukemia P388DI and adenocarcinoma prostate PC-3.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Derris/chemistry , Flavones/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemistry , Antiprotozoal Agents/toxicity , Cell Line, Tumor , Flavones/chemistry , Flavones/toxicity , Humans , Leukemia/pathology , Male , Molecular Structure , Phytotherapy , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
A C19 metabolite has been isolated from the methanol extract of the roots of Chiococca alba and characterized as a new nor-seco-pimarane, to which we have given the trivial name merilactone (1). The structure and relative stereochemistry of 1 was established by spectral data interpretation.
Subject(s)
Lactones/isolation & purification , Plant Roots/chemistry , Rubiaceae/chemistry , China , Lactones/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Models, Chemical , Molecular Conformation , Plant Roots/metabolism , Rubiaceae/metabolism , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Extracts from leaves, stems, and roots of twelve plants used commonly in Yucatecan traditional medicine were evaluated in the DNA-methyl green assay. Twenty one extracts showed DNA-interacting activity, and nine of them, belonging to five plant species, presented a displacement activity of 5% or higher. The highest activity (17.6%) was detected in the leaf extract of Heliotropium angiospermum.
Subject(s)
DNA/drug effects , Medicine, Traditional , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Ethidium/pharmacology , Methyl Green , Mexico , Models, Biological , Pharmacognosy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant StructuresABSTRACT
Bioactivity of extracts from leaves, stems and roots of twelve plants commonly used in Yucatecan traditional medicine were evaluated in four bioassays. Crude extracts from ten plants showed significant activity in the inhibition of bleaching of beta-carotene assay, while thirteen extracts showed activity in the reduction of 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. In the antimicrobial bioassay, the major activity was presented by the root extract of Jatropha gaumeri and in the beta-glucosidase inhibition activity assay the strongest activity was observed in the stem and root extracts of Solanum hirtum.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , beta-Glucosidase/antagonists & inhibitors , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Bacteria/drug effects , Biological Assay , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Enzyme Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Ethnopharmacology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Fungi/drug effects , Medicine, Traditional , Mexico , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Models, BiologicalABSTRACT
Two new phytotoxic polyketides, tagetolone (1) and tagetenolone (2), in addition to tyrosol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, have been isolated from the organic crude extract of culture filtrates from the fungal pathogen Alternaria tagetica. Complete characterization of all structures was carried out following a careful analysis of their spectroscopic data (IR, MS, (1)H and (13)C NMR, and 2D NMR experiments).
Subject(s)
Alternaria/chemistry , Mycotoxins/chemistry , Parabens/chemistry , Phenylethyl Alcohol/analogs & derivatives , Alternaria/growth & development , Alternaria/pathogenicity , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mass Spectrometry , Molecular Structure , Mycotoxins/isolation & purification , Parabens/isolation & purification , Parabens/pharmacology , Phenylethyl Alcohol/isolation & purification , Plants/microbiology , Xylenes/chemistrySubject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/chemistry , Antiprotozoal Agents/therapeutic use , Biological Products/chemistry , Biological Products/therapeutic use , Leishmaniasis/drug therapy , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Alkaloids/chemistry , Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Alkaloids/pharmacology , Alkaloids/therapeutic use , Antiprotozoal Agents/isolation & purification , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Biological Products/isolation & purification , Biological Products/pharmacology , Humans , Leishmaniasis/parasitology , Phenols/chemistry , Phenols/isolation & purification , Phenols/pharmacology , Phenols/therapeutic use , Quinones/chemistry , Quinones/isolation & purification , Quinones/pharmacology , Quinones/therapeutic use , Saponins/chemistry , Saponins/isolation & purification , Saponins/pharmacology , Saponins/therapeutic use , Terpenes/chemistry , Terpenes/isolation & purification , Terpenes/pharmacology , Terpenes/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Two novel polyketides, bis-7-O-8' '.8-O-7' '- and bis-7-O-7' '. 8-O-8' '-zinniol (2 and 3, respectively) were isolated from the organic crude extract of culture filtrates from Alternaria tagetica. Both structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data (IR, MS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and 2D NMR experiments) and confirmed by chemical synthesis. Zinniol (1) was isolated as a major component, and its (13)C NMR data was correctly assigned after careful analysis of data from its 2D NMR experiments (HMQC and HMBC).
