ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a growing problem worldwide and international travel, cross-border migration, and antimicrobial use may contribute to the introduction or emergence of AR. We examined AR rates and trends along the US-Mexico border by analysing microbiology data from eight US hospitals in three states bordering Mexico. Microbiology data were ascertained for the years 2000-2006 and for select healthcare and community pathogens including, three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) pathogens and 10 antimicrobial-pathogen combinations. Resistance was highest in S. aureus (oxacillin resistance 45·7%), P. aeruginosa (quinolone resistance 22·3%), and E. coli (quinolone resistance 15·6%); six (60%) of the 10 antimicrobial-pathogen combinations studied had a significantly increasing trend in resistance over the study period. Potential contributing factors in the hospital and community such as infection control practices and antimicrobial use (prescription and non-prescription) should be explored further in the US-Mexico border region.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Female , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Hospitals, Urban , Humans , Incidence , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
We describe a family in which the mother has progressive external ophthalmoplegia with the common 4977 base pair deletion, and her son has a syndrome similar to the Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome with the identical deletion. This case extends the clinical phenotype of the Pearson syndrome and raises the possibility that developmentally regulated tissue-specific nuclear factors are responsible for the differential phenotypic expression of these two mitochondrial disorders.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Sideroblastic/genetics , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency/genetics , Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External/genetics , Sequence Deletion/genetics , Adult , Base Composition/genetics , Blotting, Southern , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , SyndromeABSTRACT
Coral reefs of north Jamaica, normally sheltered, were severely damaged by Hurricane Allen, the strongest Caribbean hurricane of this century. Immediate studies were made at Discovery Bay, where reef populations were already known in some detail. Data are presented to show how damage varied with the position and orientation of the substraturn and with the shape, size, and mechanical properties of exposed organisms. Data collected over succeeding weeks showed striking differences in the ability of organisms to heal and survive.