[The effect of pleoptic treatment on the stability of visual fixation in children and adolescents with amblyopia of various degrees]. / Vliyanie pleopticheskogo lecheniya na stabil'nost' zritel'noi fiksatsii u detei i podrostkov s ambliopiei po dannym mikroperimetrii.

PURPOSE: This study assesses the effect of pleoptic treatment on the stability of visual fixation in children and adolescents with amblyopia of various degrees. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The effect of the treatment in 35 children (35 eyes) with amblyopia of various degrees was evaluated using the MP-1 Microperimeter. The stability was determined by two criteria - number of fixation point hits in the 2° zone and the width of the field of fixation. Children underwent a standard course of treatment. RESULTS: There was an improvement in the stability of visual fixation after treatment. The number of fixation point hits in the 2° zone increased from 44.8±4.1% to 52.6±3.8%. At the same time, the width of the field of fixation after treatment decreased from 6.5±0.7° to 5.2±0.5°. Visual acuity with correction in children with amblyopia correlates with the number of fixation point hits in the 2° zone (direct high correlation "+0.7") and width of the field of fixation (inverse high correlation "-0.7") both before and after the treatment. CONCLUSION: Stabilization of visual fixation was observed in patients with amblyopia of varying degrees after the pleoptic treatment.

[The effect of pleoptic treatment on retinal light sensitivity and visual fixation in a patient with amblyopia of high degree and off-center fixation (case study)]. / Vliyanie pleopticheskogo lecheniya na svetochuvstvitel'nost' setchatki i sostoyanie zritel'noi fiksatsii u patsientki s ambliopiei vysokoi stepeni s netsentral'noi fiksatsiei (klinicheskoe nablyudenie).

Most sources state that pleoptic treatment is ineffective after the age of 14 years. Despite the high level of diagnostic capabilities in modern ophthalmology, unilateral amblyopia is quite often diagnosed in adolescents. This rises the question - should they refuse treatment? To evaluate the impact of treatment on retinal light sensitivity and the state of the patient's visual fixation, a 23-year-old female patient with high degree amblyopia was examined using the MP-1 Microperimeter. Three courses of treatment were carried out to recover (centralize) fixation on the MP-1. In the course of pleoptic treatment, the patient was observed to have a gradual increase in the light sensitivity of the retina from 2.0 dB to 18.5 dB and centralization of visual fixation. Therefore, treatment in adult patients with high degree amblyopia is justified, since the method improves visual functions. The result will be less pronounced and persistent than in patients under the age of 14, but it is still possible to alleviate the patient's condition, which means that if the patient wishes to undergo treatment, it should be carried out.

[Specific biomarkers of response to antiangiogenic therapy]. / Spetsificheskie biomarkery otveta na antiangiogennuyu terapiyu.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are the main causes of blindness in the elderly and loss of central vision in patients with diabetic retinopathy, respectively. Anti-VEGF therapy is currently the gold standard for treatment of such patients; it has proved its effectiveness in both randomized clinical trials and clinical practice. However, it should be taken into account that the extent of therapeutic response varies depending on individual characteristics of patients, including the presence of biomarkers that predict the therapeutic response. Numerous studies have discovered a variety of biomarkers for patients with DME and AMD, but their reliability differs and not all of them are eligible for predicting the effectiveness of the treatment. Compared to full clinical examination, biomarkers can offer shorter clinical study duration and lower costs. Most of the specific biomarkers for predicting the response to antiangiogenic therapy are identified using optical coherence tomography. The purpose of this article is to provide contemporary data on the diagnosis and treatment of patients depending on the presence of specific biomarkers.

[Differential diagnostic OCT-criteria of acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy]. / Differentsial'no-diagnosticheskie OKT-kriterii ostroi i khronicheskoi form tsentral'noi seroznoi khorioretinopatii.

Principal differences in natural history, therapeutic approaches, and functional prognosis of acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) requires that they were distinguished. AIM: to define differential diagnostic criteria for acute and chronic CSC basing on the chorioretinal complex analysis by EDI-optical coherence tomography (OCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed that included data of 112 patients with CSC, who were assigned to either the 'acute' (52 patients) or 'chronic' (60 patients) group depending on symptoms duration (3 months) and fluorescein angiography findings. With the enhanced depth imaging (EDI) module mounted on OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg, Germany), the structure of the chorioretinal complex was studied. RESULTS: In acute CSC, the height of the neuroepithelium detachment (310.73±113.63 µm) was greater than that in chronic CSC (205.68±90.80 µm), p=0.03. The frequency of subretinal deposits also differed (17.3% and 100% of cases, respectively), p<0.01. The subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were similar (462.7±110.7 and 494.7±132.1 µm, respectively, p=0.6), however, in acute CSC, diffuse thickening of the choroid was noted (39 patients, 75% of cases), while chronic CSC was marked by local dilatation of the Haller's layer (39 eyes, 65% of cases). The diameter of hyporeflective pockets in the Haller's layer in the 'acute' (324±98.1 µm) and 'chronic' (352.0±84.3 µm) groups correlated with choroidal thicknesses (r=0.68, r=0.75). Hyperreflective intrachoriodal dots were more common in the 'chronic' group (acute - 1.9%, chronic - 68.3%), so did hyperreflective vascular walls -13.5% and 68.3%, respectively, p<0.01. Dome-shaped RPE detachments were observed equally often in both groups (acute - 67.3%, chronic - 68.3%, p=0.9), while the 'double-layer sign' was only characteristic of chronic CSC (86.7%). CONCLUSION: OCT criteria of acute CSC include a dome-shaped detachment of neuroepithelium and diffuse thickening of the choroid in the absence of deposits; of chronic CSC - subretinal deposits, local dilatation of the Haller's layer vessels, hyperreflective vascular walls, intrachoroidal dots, and the 'double-layer sign'.

[Comparative analysis of the results of microperimetry and conventional computed perimetry in health].

Twenty-one healthy volunteers aged 21 to 37 years (21 eyes) were examined on a MP-1 microperimeter and a Humphrey HFA II-750i perimeter by the 10-2 program. The standard stimulation parameters used on the microperimeter revealed a wide plateau in the central visual field due to the limited stimulus intensity range of MP-1. The comparable data on both perimeters could be obtained only with small-sized stimuli (Goldmann I). However, quantitative comparison demonstrated significant differences in the reduction of differential light thresholds from 2 degrees to 10 degrees from the fixation point. The studies have indicated that the technical characteristics of the MP-1 microperimeter does not allow one to elaborate algorithms for recounting the data to compare with those obtained on the Humphrey perimeter. It has been ascertained that the MP-1 microperimeter should not be used to solve the problems of conventional computed perimetry.