Cytotoxicity of Chelating Agents Used In Endodontics and Their Influence on MMPs of Cell Membranes.

This study evaluated the cytotoxic effect and the ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) of 0.2% chitosan (CH) and 1% acetic acid (AA) compared with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Cell viability assay was performed according to ISO 10993-5 with mouse fibroblasts (L929). The culture was exposed to 0.2% CH, 1% AA, and 17% EDTA. The chelating agents were evaluated immediately after contact with the cells and after 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h of incubation. Cell viability was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Inhibition of the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was evaluated by gelatin zymography. Different concentrations of CH were evaluated: 50 mM, 5 mM, 0.5 mM, and 0.05 mM. EDTA (0.5 mM) was used as a positive control. The results demonstrated that CH and AA had an initial cytotoxic effect, which decreased after 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, being statistically similar to EDTA (P > 0.05). Additionally, CH at concentrations of 50 mM, 5 mM, and 0.5 mM had an inhibitory effect on MMP-2 and MMP-9, similar to that of the control with EDTA. The chelating agents had no cytotoxic effects after 24 h. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were inhibited by the experimental solutions.

Cytotoxicity of chelating agents used in endodontics and their influence on mmps of cell membranes

Abstract This study evaluated the cytotoxic effect and the ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) of 0.2% chitosan (CH) and 1% acetic acid (AA) compared with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Cell viability assay was performed according to ISO 10993-5 with mouse fibroblasts (L929). The culture was exposed to 0.2% CH, 1% AA, and 17% EDTA. The chelating agents were evaluated immediately after contact with the cells and after 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h of incubation. Cell viability was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Inhibition of the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was evaluated by gelatin zymography. Different concentrations of CH were evaluated: 50 mM, 5 mM, 0.5 mM, and 0.05 mM. EDTA (0.5 mM) was used as a positive control. The results demonstrated that CH and AA had an initial cytotoxic effect, which decreased after 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, being statistically similar to EDTA (P > 0.05). Additionally, CH at concentrations of 50 mM, 5 mM, and 0.5 mM had an inhibitory effect on MMP-2 and MMP-9, similar to that of the control with EDTA. The chelating agents had no cytotoxic effects after 24 h. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were inhibited by the experimental solutions.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito citotóxico e a capacidade de inibição das metaloproteinases da matriz extracelular (MMP-2 e MMP-9) pela quitosana 0,2%(CH) e o ácido acético 1% (AA) em comparação com o ácido etilenodiaminotetracético 17% (EDTA). O ensaio de viabilidade celular foi realizado de acordo com a ISO 10993-5 com fibroblastos de camundongo (L929). A cultura foi exposta a CH 0,2%, AA 1% e EDTA 17%. Os agentes quelantes foram avaliados imediatamente após o contato com as células e após 6 h, 12 h e 24 h de incubação. A viabilidade celular foi analisada utilizando o ensaio de brometo de 3- (4,5-dimetitiazol-2-il) -2,5-difeniltetrazólio (MTT). A inibição da atividade gelatinolítica de MMP-2 e MMP-9 foi avaliada por zimografia de gelatina. Diferentes concentrações de CH foram avaliadas: 50 mM, 5 mM, 0,5 mM e 0,05 mM. EDTA (0,5 mM) foi usado como controlo positivo. Os resultados demonstraram que CH e AA apresentaram um efeito citotóxico inicial, que diminuiu após 6 h, 12 h e 24 h, sendo estatisticamente similar ao EDTA (P> 0,05). Adicionalmente, CH a concentrações de 50 mM, 5 mM e 0,5 mM tiveram um efeito inibidor sobre MMP-2 e MMP-9, semelhante ao controlo com EDTA. Os agentes quelantes apresentaram efeitos não citotóxicos após 24 h. MMP-2 e MMP-9 foram inibidas pelas soluções experimentais.

Maxillofacial Fractures in a University Hospital in Central Brazil / Fraturas Oralmaxilofaciais em um Hospital Universitário do Brasil Central

The objective of this study was to evaluate epidemiological aspects of maxillofacial fractures in 346 hospitalized patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University General Hospital, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The following information was collected from the patients' medical records: gender, age, etiologic factor, type of injury, patient origin, seasonal distribution and hospital stay period. The statistical treatment analyzed data from frequency distribution and chi-squared test. The level of significance was set at 5% for all analyses. The highest incidence of maxillofacial fractures was found among males (n=290; 83.8%), with 21-30 years-old (n=120; 34.5%) and from inner cities of Mato Grosso (n=169; 48.9%). The main etiologic factor were vehicle traffic accidents (n=169; 48.9%), violence (n=65; 18.8%) and falls (n=25; 7.2%). The seasonal distribution showed that most of the cases occurred in the fall (n=89; 25.8%), winter and spring (n=77; 22.2% each). The lower third of the face was the most commonly involved region (n=276; 54.3%). The most frequently observed fracture involved the zygomatic complex (n=146; 28.7%), followed by the mandible body (n=99; 19.4%). The epidemiological aspects of maxillofacial fractures in this study were similar to those observed in other studies, regarding the prevalence of the male, age group and traffic accidents as the main etiological factor. (AU).

Avaliou-se os aspectos epidemiológicos das fraturas oralmaxilofaciais em prontuários de pacientes atendidos em um Hospital Universitário do Brasil central. A amostra do estudo foi proveniente da revisão de prontuários de 346 pacientes atendidos no Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Oralmaxilofacial do Hospital Geral Universitário na cidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Os seguintes dados foram coletados dos registros hospitalares de cada paciente: sexo, idade, fator etiológico, região anatômica afetada, procedência, distribuição sazonal e período de internação. O tratamento estatístico analisou os dados frente à distribuição de frequência e qui-quadrado. O nível de significância foi de p<0,05. Observouse elevada frequência de fraturas oralmaxilofaciais em indivíduos do sexo masculino (n=290; 83,8%), com idade variando entre 21-30 anos (n=120; 34,5%) e provenientes de cidades do interior do estado do Mato Grosso (n=169; 48,8%). Os principais fatores etiológicos foram os acidentes de trânsito motorizados (n=169; 48,9%), violência (n=65; 18,8%) e quedas (n=25; 7,2%). A distribuição sazonal evidenciou elevado número de lesões no outono (n=89; 25,8%), inverno e primavera (n=77; 22,2%, cada um). O terço inferior da face foi a região mais comumente envolvida (n=276; 54,3%). A injúria mais comum foi a fratura do complexo zigomático (n=146; 28,7%), seguida da fratura do corpo da mandíbula (n=99; 19,4%). Os dados obtidos se assemelham aos encontrados na literatura, no que diz respeito à prevalência do sexo masculino, da faixa etária e dos acidentes de trânsito como principal agente etiológico. (AU).

Effectiveness of different endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis: an ex vivo study

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of different endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Methods: Seventy bovine mandibular incisors were prepared, inoculated with a bacterial strain for 60 days and divided into the following groups: positive control; negative control; 2.5% NaOCl; 17% EDTA; 0.2% chitosan; 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% chitosan; and 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA. The irrigation protocol was performed using an experimental peristaltic pump device, with the irrigating solutions circulating within the apparatus at a constant flow for 10 min. Paper-point samples were then collected from the root canals and immersed in 7 mL of brain heart infusion broth, followed by incubation at 37°C for 48 h. Bacterial growth was assessed by turbidity of the culture medium. Results: E. faecalis was present in all samples after the use of different irrigants. Conclusion: The different irrigants tested were not effective in completely eliminating dentin bacterial contamination with E. faecalis.

Forensic DNA typing from teeth using demineralized root tips.

Teeth are widely used samples in forensic human genetic identification due to their persistence and practical sampling and processing. Their processing, however, has changed very little in the last 20 years, usually including powdering or pulverization of the tooth. The objective of this study was to present demineralized root tips as DNA sources while, at the same time, not involving powdering the samples or expensive equipment for teeth processing. One to five teeth from each of 20 unidentified human bodies recovered from midwest Brazil were analyzed. Whole teeth were demineralized in EDTA solution with daily solution change. After a maximum of approximately seven days, the final millimeters of the root tip was excised. This portion of the sample was used for DNA extraction through a conventional organic protocol. DNA quantification and STR amplification were performed using commercial kits followed by capillary electrophoresis on 3130 or 3500 genetic analyzers. For 60% of the unidentified bodies (12 of 20), a full genetic profile was obtained from the extraction of the first root tip. By the end of the analyses, full genetic profiles were obtained for 85% of the individuals studied, of which 80% were positively identified. This alternative low-tech approach for postmortem teeth processing is capable of extracting DNA in sufficient quantity and quality for forensic casework, showing that root tips are viable nuclear DNA sources even after demineralization.

Assessment of the Amount of Calcium Ions Released after the use of Different Chelating Agents and Agitation Protocols.

BACKGROUND: The main goal of endodontic treatment is to achieve cleaning and shaping prior to the filling process. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate, using atomic absorption spectrometry, the release of Calcium ions after the use of different chelating agents and protocols of agitation. METHOD: Ninety human canine teeth were randomly assigned to one of nine groups (n=10), as follows: 1) 0.2% Chitosan and manual agitation; 2) 0.2% Chitosan and sonic agitation; 3) 0.2% Chitosan and ultrasonic agitation; 4) 17% EDTA and manual agitation; 5) 17% EDTA and sonic agitation; 6) 17% EDTA and ultrasonic agitation; 7) distilled water and manual agitation; 8) distilled water and sonic agitation; 9) distilled water and ultrasonic agitation. Following instrumentation, all chelating substances remained inside the root canal for 3 min. Then the fluid was collected for the identification and quantification of Calcium ions. The amount of Calcium ions released in each group was compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The groups in which 0.2% Chitosan was used showed the highest concentration of Calcium ions (p<0.05). Concerning the agitation method, ultrasonic agitation showed the greatest values, followed by sonic and manual agitation (all comparisons, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that, among the combinations here tested, Chitosan associated with ultrasonic agitation yielded the greatest release of Calcium ions.

Root Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments in Mandibular Premolars Assessed Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), transportation and centralization of different nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments. METHODS: One hundred and twenty eight mandibular premolars were selected and instrumented using the following brands of NiTi files: WaveOne, WaveOne Gold, Reciproc, ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, Mtwo, BioRaCe and RaCe. CBCT imaging was performed before and after root canal preparation to obtain measurements of mesial and distal dentin walls and calculations of root canal transportation and centralization. A normal distribution of data was confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests, and results were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: ProTaper Gold produced the lowest canal transportation values, and RaCe, the highest. ProTaper Gold files also showed the highest values for centering ability, whereas BioRaCe showed the lowest. No significant differences were found across the different instruments in terms of canal transportation and centering ability (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on the methodology employed, all instruments used for root canal preparation of mandibular premolars performed similarly with regard to canal transportation and centering ability.

Avaliação de Perdas Dentárias em 1398 Pacientes em uma População na Região Central do Brasil: Estudo Radiográfico / Evaluation of Dental Loss in 1938 Patients in a Population of Central Region in Brazil: Radiographic Study

A perda dentária é um problema multifatorial, que pode englobar hábitos deletérios da saúde bucal, alterações sistêmicas e condição socioeconômica. Avaliar radiograficamente a perda dentária em uma população de 1398 pacientes na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, buscando correlacionar este fator com a idade e o sexo dos mesmos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal avaliando as perdas dentárias a partir de uma amostra de 1398 radiografias panorâmicas, correspondentes a exames realizados em 2011, em uma clínica radiológica situado na referida cidade. A amostra foi constituída de 856 (61,23%) pessoas do sexo feminino e 542 (38,77%) do sexo masculino, sendo a idade média de 34,9 + 13,4 anos. Durante a análise dos dados, observou-se que 80,6% dos indivíduos haviam perdido algum dente. Os dentes mais ausentes nas análises foram os primeiros molares inferiores e os mais presentes na amostra dos indivíduos foram os caninos inferiores. De acordo com as análises estatísticas (Qui Quadrado e Teste de Relação de Risco ­ p<0,05), a idade foi um fator de risco relacionado à perda dentária. Por meio deste estudo conclui-se que a idade é relacionada com maior perda de dentes, e o dente mais acometido por perdas dentárias é o primeiro molar inferior e o menos acometido é o canino inferior.(AU)

The dental loss is a multifactorial problem that can encompasses deleterious oral health habits, systemic changes and socio-economic status. To evaluate radiographically tooth loss in a population of 1398 patients in the city of Cuiaba-MT, seeking to correlate this factor to the age and sex of the same. A cross-sectional study evaluating tooth loss from a sample of 1398 panoramic radiographs, corresponding to tests carried out in 2011, in a radiology clinic located in that city. The sample consisted of 856 (61.23%) females and 542 (38.77%) were male, with a mean age of 34.9 + 13.4 years. During data analysis, it was observed that 80.6% of individuals had lost some teeth. The most common missing teeth in the analyzes were the first molars and the most present in the sample of individuals were the lower canines; according to statistical analysis (chi square and Risk Ratio test - p <0.05), age was a risk factor related to tooth loss. Through this study it is concluded that age is associated with increased teeth loss the tooth most affected by tooth loss is the first molar and the least affected is the lower canine.(AU)

Cariogenic microbiota of children under chemotherapy: A pilot study.

AIM: To analyze the cariogenic microbiota of children who are under antineoplastic therapy. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients undergoing cancer treatment in the Pediatric Unit of Mato Grosso Cancer Hospital were selected. The inclusion criteria of volunteers were being under chemotherapy in the saliva collection period, age between 2 and 18 years, collaborate with the protocol for clinical examination and saliva collection, and responsible have given their written consent. For the realization of lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans count in the patients' saliva, respectively, Dentalcult I and II (LaborClin; ) kits were used. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the association of the variables age group, prevalence of lactobacilli and S. mutans, diagnosis of patients, presence and level of decay of patients defined by decayed, filled, and missing teeth (DMFT)/dmft indexes with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The group of patients consisted of 27 children, 15 males, and 12 females; 44% were aged between 6 and 10 years; 61% had present or past history of caries (dmft/DMFT >0); 48% had low value for Dentalcult I; 59% presented value grade 0 to Dentalcult II; and 63% were diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of dental caries in the study population but low rates of S. mutans and lactobacilli in the saliva of the children. Lactobacilli rate was significantly associated with caries index scores, and the prevalence of caries was directly associated with the age group of the children.

Effect of repeated sterilization cycles on the physical properties of scaling instruments: a scanning electron microscopy study.

BACKGROUND: Repeated sterilizations cycles cause undesirable alterations in the material properties of the instruments, such as corrosion, alterations in the hardness of the metal and the loss of the cutting sharpness of the instrument. This research examined the effect of repeated dry heat sterilization and autoclaves cycles on carbon steel (CS) and stainless steel (SS) curettes during the scaling and root planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 77 Gracey curettes were used in this study. Of these, 35 were SS and 42 were CS curettes submitted in different process: Dry heat, autoclave, inhibition of corrosion and autoclave, scaling, root planning and dry heat, scaling, root planning, inhibition of corrosion and autoclave. The inhibition of corrosion used on the carbon curettes (prior to sterilization in the autoclave) was sodium nitrite at 2%. The curettes received 10 consecutive cycles of sterilization and after that the cutting edges were examined in the electronic microscope, at 60 and 100 magnification times. RESULTS: The images were evaluated by three independent examiners, who compared the photographs of each group with the control group. CONCLUSION: The surface corrosion products and a deterioration of the edges were observed and the results showed that the SS curettes suffered little alteration with sterilization, scaling, root planning whereas the CS curettes were visibly affected by sterilization in the autoclave, but when the inhibition of corrosion was used prior to the sterilization, the oxidation was considerably reduced.

Detection of Procedural Errors during Root Canal Instrumentation using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated procedural errors made during root canal preparation with nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 human mandibular molars were divided into five groups (n = 20) according to the NiTi system used for root canal preparation: Group 1 - BioRaCe, Group 2 - K3, Group 3 - ProTaper, Group 4 - Mtwo and Group 5 - Hero Shaper. CBCT images were obtained to detect procedural errors made during root canal preparation. Two examiners evaluated the presence or absence of fractured instruments, perforations, and canal transportations. Chi-square test was used for statistical analyzes. The significance level was set at a=5%. RESULTS: In a total of 300 prepared root canals, 43 (14.33%) procedural errors were detected. Perforation was the procedural errors most commonly observed (58.14%). Most of the procedural errors were observed in the mesiobuccal root canal (48.84%). In the analysis of procedural errors, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the groups of NiTi instruments. The root canals instrumented with BioRaCe had significantly less procedural errors. CONCLUSIONS: CBCT permitted the detection of procedural errors during root canal preparation. The frequency of procedural errors was low when root canals preparation was accomplished with BioRaCe system.

Analysis of metal contents in Portland Type V and MTA-based cements.

The aim of this study was to determine, by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), the concentration levels of 11 metals in Type V gray and structural white PC, ProRoot MTA, and MTA Bio. Samples, containing one gram of each tested cement, were prepared and transferred to a 100 mL Teflon tube with a mixture of 7.0 mL of nitric acid and 21 mL of hydrochloric acid. After the reaction, the mixture was filtered and then volumed to 50 mL of distilled water. For each metal, specific patterns were determined from universal standards. Arsenic quantification was performed by hydride generator. The analysis was performed five times and the data were statistically analyzed at 5% level of significance. Only the cadmium presented concentration levels of values lower than the quantification limit of the device. The AAS analysis showed increased levels of calcium, nickel, and zinc in structural white PC. Type V PC presented the greatest concentration levels of arsenic, chromium, copper, iron, lead, and manganese (P < 0.05). Bismuth was found in all cements, and the lowest concentration levels were observed in Portland cements, while the highest were observed in ProRoot MTA. Both PC and MTA-based cements showed evidence of metals inclusion.

Tecidual reaction of calcium hydroxide front chronic stress histological study in rats.

BACKGROUND: The Calcium Hydroxide has been widely used as an intracanal dressing and in combination with restorative and endodontic materials and its main goal is the tissue reparation. However, when the patient has chronic stress, the immunological response and tissue repair decreases in both the epithelial and connective tissue. Therefore, the aim was to analyze the effect of chronic stress on the tissue response in rats exposed to calcium hydroxide (CH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 wistar rats were anesthetized, and a polyethylene tube containing CH was inserted under the skin. After 24 h, they were divided into two groups: Calcium hydroxide + stress (CHSG) n = 30 and calcium hydroxide (CHG) n = 30. They were stressed by physical restraint, for 12 h each day for periods of 7, 15 and 30 days when 10 animals from each group were euthanized. The tissues surrounding the polyethylene tubes were removed, and slides were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The analysis was performed with an optical microscope with magnification of 4-400 times by a blinded senior examiner. The sample slides were classified according to the following scores 0 - absent/1 - present/2 - infiltrate to: Inflammatory infiltrate containing fibrous condensation, lymphocytes, plasmacytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils. The data were statistically analyzed using the Student's t-test (P < 0.05) for paired samples. RESULTS: The exposure time of 7 days elicited no statistical difference between groups (P > 0.05). The 15 days exposure group had higher averages for CHG to eosinophils and inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.05). In 30 days, CHG showed higher averages to inflammatory infiltrate and lower averages to FC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Some modified patterns of responses in the CHSG were observed at 15 days and 30 days.

Comparative analysis of physicochemical properties of root perforation sealer materials.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the solubility, dimensional alteration, pH, electrical conductivity, and radiopacity of root perforation sealer materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the pH test, the samples were immersed in distilled water for different periods of time. Then, the samples were retained in plastic recipients, and the electrical conductivity of the solution was measured. The solubility, dimensional alteration, and radiopacity properties were evaluated according to Specification No. 57 of the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA). Statistical analyses were carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. When the sample distribution was not normal, a nonparametric ANOVA was performed with a Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The results showed that white structural Portland cement (PC) had the highest solubility, while mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based cements, ProRoot MTA (Dentsply-Tulsa Dental) and MTA BIO (Ângelus Ind. Prod.), had the lowest values. MTA BIO showed the lowest dimensional alteration values and white PC presented the highest values. No differences among the tested materials were observed in the the pH and electrical conductivity analyses. Only the MTA-based cements met the ANSI/ADA recommendations regarding radiopacity, overcoming the three steps of the aluminum step wedge. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, we concluded that the values of solubility and dimensional alteration of the materials were in accordance with the ANSI/ADA specifications. PCs did not fulfill the ANSI/ADA requirements regarding radiopacity. No differences were observed among the materials with respect to the pH and electrical conductivity analyses.

Customized polymethyl methacrylate implants for the reconstruction of craniofacial osseous defects.

Craniofacial defects represent alterations in the anatomy and morphology of the cranial vault and the facial bones that potentially affect an individual's psychological and social well-being. Although a variety of techniques and restorative procedures have been described for the reconstruction of the affected area, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a biocompatible and nondegradable acrylic resin-based implant, is the most widely used alloplastic material for such craniomaxillofacial reconstruction. The aim of this study was to describe a technique for aesthetic and functional preoperative customized reconstruction of craniofacial bone defects from a small series of patients offered by the Brazilian public health system. Three adult male patients attended consultation with chief complaints directly related to their individual craniofacial bone defects. With the aid of multislice computed tomography scans and subsequent fabrication of the three-dimensional craniofacial prototype, custom-made PMMA implants were fabricated preoperatively. Under general anesthesia, with access to the craniofacial defects with a coronal approach, the PMMA implants were adapted and fixated to the facial skeleton with titanium plates and screws. Postoperative evaluation demonstrated uneventful recovery and an excellent aesthetic result. Customized prefabricated PMMA implants manufactured over the rapid prototyping models proved to be effective and feasible.

Prevalence of impacted teeth in a Brazilian subpopulation.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of impacted teeth in a subpopulation of Brazilian patients based on the retrospective analysis of panoramic radiographs obtained at an oral radiology clinic. Out of 1,977 panoramic radiographs, 1,352 fulfilled inclusion criteria, and 22,984 teeth were assessed. Data were statistically analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov's and Levene's tests; significance was set at 5%. The number of impacted teeth was assessed using analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. Our results showed significant differences for tooth type and patient age when analyzed separately (p < 0.05); gender did not show significant results (p > 0.05). Correlations between age and gender showed significant differences (p < 0.05), as did the correlations between age, gender and tooth type (p < 0.05). Mandibular molars were the teeth most frequently affected (p < 0.05), followed by maxillary molars (p < 0.05). Other tooth types did not present significant differences among themselves (p > 0.05). Patients aged 22 years or younger were the most frequent ones (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between age groups 37 and 51 years and 52+ (p > 0.05). According to the methodology here employed, gender did not affect tooth impaction, whereas age (22-36 years) and tooth type (mandibular third molars) strongly influenced results.

Planejamento Ortodôntico para Pacientes Portadores de Fissuras Labiopalatinas: Revisão de Literatura / Orthodontic Treatment for Patients with Cleft Lip and palate: Literature Review

As fissuras labiopalatinas são defeitos congênitos de origem multifatorial que comprometem a integridade do lábio e/ou palato, determinando alterações funcionais e estéticas. Representam a anomalia mais frequente do complexo craniofacial. Os portadores destas anomalias apresentam maloclusões características, em consequência da atresia dos arcos dentários, principalmente do arco superior, déficit de crescimento do terço médio da face, problemas dentários de anomalias de forma, número e de posição. Os dentes próximos às fissuras podem se apresentar rotacionados, com as coroas inclinadas em direção à fenda e os ápices em direção oposta. Devido à presença de desordens oclusais inerentes à fissura lábio palatina, o tratamento ortodôntico requer protocolo específico para restauração da função e estética. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o planejamento ortodôntico, visando o tratamento multidisciplinar de indivíduos com fissura lábiopalatina. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da revisão bibliográfica, sendo consultados artigos científicos localizados nas bases de dados de Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), e PubMed, utilizando como descritores: ?Fenda labial?, ?fissura palatina?, ?ortodontia?, ?má oclusão? no período de 2000 a 2012. Os dados mostram que o tratamento multidisciplinar é fundamental para resolver as necessidades estéticas e funcionais do sistema estomatognático e integrar o paciente na sociedade.

The cleft lip and cleft palate are multifactorial birth defects that compromise the integrity of the lip and / or the palate, determining functional, aesthetic and psychic changes, featuring among the most frequent anomalies of the craniofacial complex. Individuals with cleft lip and palate present malocclusion characteristics due to the atresia of the dental arches, especially in the upper arch, growth deficit in the mid face, dental problems due to anomalies of shape, number and position. The teeth next to the cracks may appear rotated, with crowns tilted toward the summits and rift in the opposite direction. Given the presence of occlusal disorders inherent to the presence of cleft lip and palate, the orthodontic treatment in such patients requires a specific protocol for function and aesthetics restoration. The objective of this paper was to describe the orthodontic planning for the multidisciplinary treatment of individuals with cleft lip and palate. This research was based on the literature review of scientific papers published in journals of Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), and PubMed, using as keywords: ?cleft lip?, ?cleft palate?, ?orthodontics?, ?malocclusion? in the 2000 - 2012 period. The results showed that the multidisciplinary care is crucial for solving the aesthetic and functional needs of the stomatognathic system and integrate the patient into the society.

Using cone beam computed tomography images to diagnose multiple taurodontisms.

Taurodontism is a developmental anomaly that manifests as an alteration in a patient's internal morphology and is characterized by the lack of constriction at the level of the cementoenamel junction, which results in an apical extension of the pulp chamber that extends into the root area of a multiradicular tooth. This report presents a case of an otherwise healthy patient with 12 hypertaurodontic teeth, which were detected by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). It is essential to emphasize the importance of routine imaging examinations for diagnosing developmental dental anomalies such as taurodontism, as this condition is generally not found by routine oral examination, and is not necessarily restricted to syndromic patients. CBCT images contribute to the diagnosis of and treatment plan for taurodontism.

Growth hormone insensitivity syndrome: unusual oral manifestations.

Children with significant growth retardation and normal levels of growth hormone are diagnosed with growth hormone insensitivity. The main oral findings observed in patients with growth hormone insensitivity syndrome (GHIS) are underdeveloped jaws, crowded teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth. This manuscript describes a 9-year-old child diagnosed with GHIS, who had delayed eruption of permanent teeth and 14 unerupted supernumerary teeth. All supernumerary teeth were extracted except for two maxillary and one mandibular teeth which were difficult to identify and access. Multiple supernumerary teeth have never been reported before in patients with GHIS.

Lipid Profile Parameters under influence of Periodontitis Associated with Chronic Stress: An Animal Model Study.

BACKGROUND: The present study compared the effect of two chronic stress models associated with periodontitis induced in rats on partial lipid profile parameters. MATERIALS & METHODS: Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups: physical stress+periodontitis, variable stress+periodontitis, periodontitis and control. Physical stress and variable stress occurred over 60 days. After the first ten days of the stress test, periodontitis was induced by ligature. After 60 days of experimentation, the animals underwent incision and visualization of the posterior vena cava, and blood punctures were performed under a vacuum. Impartial and trained examiners performed the analysis of the parameters: low-density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides and cholesterol. RESULTS: The lipid parameters and cholesterol were significantly lower in the variable stress group than in the ligature and control groups. The physical stress group was not statistically different from the other groups. The triglyceride level was highest for the control group and statistically different from the levels in groups variable stress and physical stress. The physical stress group had the lowest triglyceride level, which was statistically different from that of the control group. There was no statistical difference between physical stress and variable stress with respect to low-density lipoprotein; a similar finding was obtained for ligature and control. The variable stress group had the lowest low-density lipoprotein level, which was statistically different from those of the ligature and control groups. High density lipoprotein levels showed no statistical differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Despite the limitations of the methodology, it seems that the stress model variable associated with periodontitis improved lipid parameters in the study. How to cite this article:Porto AN, Borges AH, Segundo AS, Semenoff TA, Pedro FL, Bandeca MC, Cortelli SC. Lipid profile parameters under influence of periodontitis associated with chronic stress: an animal model study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(4):8-14.