Environmental enrichment interaction for laboratory beagle dogs used in research.

Experimental animal facilities can have a negative impact on the well-being of animals owing to confinement. To mitigate this, environmental enrichment (EE) is implemented confinement. The purpose of EE is to enhance the complexity of an animal's natural environment. The objective of this study was to identify the types of EE most enjoyed by dogs used in experimental research and housed in individual kennels. A total of six adult Beagle dogs, housed at the Laboratório de Quimioterapia Experimental em Parasitologia Veterinária (LQEPV) at the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) were included in the study. The EE tools used included Petball® toys, a grassy outdoor area, interaction with other dogs and with a team member, a "pool" made of plastic bottles, and dog's wet food ice cream. A team member assessed the usage of these tools every 5 min for a 30-min period, six times per day, one day per week, over the course of eight weeks. The study revealed that the grass area was the tool most commonly used for physical enrichment, accounting for 58% of the occurrences (p < 0.05). Social and food enrichment were enjoyed in second and third place, with 23% and 19% of occurrences, respectively. that the study findings suggest that dogs housed in individual kennels enjoy engaging in their natural behaviors.

Os animais de biotério podem viver em situações que afetem o seu bem-estar, como o confinamento. Um dos métodos que buscam para reduzir os impactos negativos é o Enriquecimento Ambiental (EA), o qual objetiva a promoção da complexidade do ambiente dos animais. Foi possível, com esta pesquisa, atingir o objetivo de identificar quais tipos de EA são mais aproveitados por cães utilizados em pesquisas experimentais que viviam em canis individuais. Foram utilizados seis cães adultos, Beagles, oriundos do Laboratório de Quimioterapia Experimental em Parasitologia Veterinária (LQEPV) da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Como ferramentas de EA foram utilizados brinquedos Petball®, área de grama ao ar livre, interação com outros cães e com uma pessoa da equipe, "piscina" de garrafas plásticas e sorvete de ração úmida. Um membro da equipe avaliou o uso a cada 5 minutos, por período de 30 minutos (6 avaliações) por dia, um dia por semana ao longo de 8 semanas. O estudo revelou que a ferramenta mais usufruída pelos cães foi a área de grama através do enriquecimento físico, quantificado em 58% de ocorrência (p<0,05). Os enriquecimentos sociais e alimentar, foram usufruídos em segundo e terceiro lugar, com 23% e 19% de ocorrência, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que os cães mantidos em canis individuais individualizados mais necessitam exercer seu comportamento natural específico, para que seu grau de bem-estar seja mantido em nível satisfatório e em consequência sua saúde mental.

Magnetic resonance/transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy of the prostate compared to systematic 12-core biopsy for the diagnosis and characterization of prostate cancer: multi-institutional retrospective analysis of 389 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incremental diagnostic value of targeted biopsies added to an extended sextant biopsy scheme on a per-patient, risk-stratified basis in 2 academic centers using different multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols, a large group of radiologists, multiple biopsy systems, and different biopsy operators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent multiparametric MRI of the prostate in 2 academic centers between February 2013 and January 2015 followed by systematic and targeted MRI-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy were reviewed. Risk-stratified detection rate using systematic biopsies was compared with targeted biopsies on a per-patient basis. The McNemar test was used to compare diagnostic performance of the 2 approaches. RESULTS: A total of 389 men met eligibility criteria. PCa was diagnosed in 47% (182/389), 52%(202/389), and 60%(235/389) of patients using the targeted, systematic, and combined (targeted plus systematic) approach, respectively. Compared with systematic biopsy, targeted biopsy diagnosed 11% (37 vs. 26) more intermediate-to-high risk (P<0.0001) and 16% (10 vs. 16) fewer low-risk tumors (P<0.0001). These results were replicated when data from each center, biopsy-naïve patients, and men with previous negative biopsies were analyzed separately. CONCLUSION: Targeted MRI-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy consistently improved the detection of clinically significant PCa in a large patient cohort with diverse equipment, protocols, radiologists, and biopsy operators as can be encountered in clinical practice.

Physiologic parameters in black and white nondescript goats of different ages, under shade, at Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil / Avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos de caprinos SPRD (sem padrão racial definido) pretos e brancos de diferentes idades, à sombra, no município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ

This study was carried out to measure body temperature (BT), skin temperature (ST), respiratory rate (RR) and cardiac beat (CB), with nondescript goats, weaned (6-month-old) and adult (12-month-old), with black and white haircoat, during the hot wet season at the city of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State, BR, under shade (in the sheepfold). The air temperature under the sheepfold at 08:00h was 28.6ºC (varying from 27.3 to 30.5ºC) and relative air humidity was 75% (varying from 71 to 78%), at 14:00h the air temperature was 36.7ºC (varying from 34.8 to 38.5ºC) and the relative air humidity was 58% (varying from 55 to 63%). Air temperature rising produced higher BT, ST, RR and CB, there were significant variation in these four parameters between 08:00 and 14:00h, from 39.00C to 40.10C, from 34.42C to 36.02C; from 22.38 to 40.12 movements/min and from 98.61 to 118.85 beats/min, respectively. The goats BT, ST, RR and CB varied between morning and afternoon and between days, reflecting probably, the variation of the climate elements, especially the air temperature. There was a significant effect of haircoat colors over the RR of animals. The black haircoat goats showed the RR higher than the white haircoat, in the morning and afternoon period and between days. There was a significant effect of age over CB. The average of CB declining with the age. The white haircoat showed, un

O estudo foi delineado para medir a temperatura retal (TR), temperatura da pele (TP), freqüência respiratória (FR) e batimento cardíaco (BC) em caprinos SPRD (sem padrão racial definido), jovens (6 meses) e adultos (12 meses de idade) de pelame de cor preta ou branca, à sombra (no aprisco), durante a estação quente e chuvosa, no município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. A temperatura do ambiente (TA) no aprisco às 08:00 horas foi de 28,6ºC (variou de 27,3 a 30,5ºC) e a umidade relativa do ar (UR) em torno de 75% (variou de 71 a 78%); às 14:00 horas a TA foi de 36,7C (variou de 34,8 a 38,5ºC) e a UR em torno de 58% (variou de 55 a 63%). A elevação da TA provocou aumento da TR, TP, FR e BC, e houve variação significativa nesses quatro parâmetros entre 08:00 e 14:00 horas, de 39,00C para 40,10ºC, de 34,42C para 36,02C, de 22,38 para 40,12 movimentos por minuto e 98,61 para 118,85 batimentos por minuto, respectivamente. A TR, TP, FR e BC dos caprinos variaram entre manhã e tarde, e entre dias, refletindo, talvez, a variação dos elementos climáticos, especialmente da TA. Houve influência da cor do pelame sobre a FR dos animais. Os caprinos de pelame preto apresentaram a FR mais elevada do que os de pelame branco, no período da manhã e tarde e entre dias. Houve influência da idade sobre o BC dos animais, e a média geral do BC declinou com a idade. Caprinos de pelame branco foram mais resi

Physiologic parameters in black and white nondescript goats of different ages, under shade, at Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil / Avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos de caprinos SPRD (sem padrão racial definido) pretos e brancos de diferentes idades, à sombra, no município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ

This study was carried out to measure body temperature (BT), skin temperature (ST), respiratory rate (RR) and cardiac beat (CB), with nondescript goats, weaned (6-month-old) and adult (12-month-old), with black and white haircoat, during the hot wet season at the city of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State, BR, under shade (in the sheepfold). The air temperature under the sheepfold at 08:00h was 28.6ºC (varying from 27.3 to 30.5ºC) and relative air humidity was 75% (varying from 71 to 78%), at 14:00h the air temperature was 36.7ºC (varying from 34.8 to 38.5ºC) and the relative air humidity was 58% (varying from 55 to 63%). Air temperature rising produced higher BT, ST, RR and CB, there were significant variation in these four parameters between 08:00 and 14:00h, from 39.00C to 40.10C, from 34.42C to 36.02C; from 22.38 to 40.12 movements/min and from 98.61 to 118.85 beats/min, respectively. The goats BT, ST, RR and CB varied between morning and afternoon and between days, reflecting probably, the variation of the climate elements, especially the air temperature. There was a significant effect of haircoat colors over the RR of animals. The black haircoat goats showed the RR higher than the white haircoat, in the morning and afternoon period and between days. There was a significant effect of age over CB. The average of CB declining with the age. The white haircoat showed, un

O estudo foi delineado para medir a temperatura retal (TR), temperatura da pele (TP), freqüência respiratória (FR) e batimento cardíaco (BC) em caprinos SPRD (sem padrão racial definido), jovens (6 meses) e adultos (12 meses de idade) de pelame de cor preta ou branca, à sombra (no aprisco), durante a estação quente e chuvosa, no município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. A temperatura do ambiente (TA) no aprisco às 08:00 horas foi de 28,6ºC (variou de 27,3 a 30,5ºC) e a umidade relativa do ar (UR) em torno de 75% (variou de 71 a 78%); às 14:00 horas a TA foi de 36,7C (variou de 34,8 a 38,5ºC) e a UR em torno de 58% (variou de 55 a 63%). A elevação da TA provocou aumento da TR, TP, FR e BC, e houve variação significativa nesses quatro parâmetros entre 08:00 e 14:00 horas, de 39,00C para 40,10ºC, de 34,42C para 36,02C, de 22,38 para 40,12 movimentos por minuto e 98,61 para 118,85 batimentos por minuto, respectivamente. A TR, TP, FR e BC dos caprinos variaram entre manhã e tarde, e entre dias, refletindo, talvez, a variação dos elementos climáticos, especialmente da TA. Houve influência da cor do pelame sobre a FR dos animais. Os caprinos de pelame preto apresentaram a FR mais elevada do que os de pelame branco, no período da manhã e tarde e entre dias. Houve influência da idade sobre o BC dos animais, e a média geral do BC declinou com a idade. Caprinos de pelame branco foram mais resi