ABSTRACT
Rice is vital for food security. Due to its tropical origin, rice suffers from cold temperatures that affect its entire life cycle. Key genes have been identified involved in cold tolerance. WRKYs are generally downstream of the MAPK cascade and can act together with VQ proteins to regulate stress-responsive genes. Chilling treatment was applied at germination to two rice genotypes (tolerant and sensitive). Shoots at S3 stage were collected for RNA-seq to identify OsWRKY, OsMAPKs and OsVQs expression. Relationships among MAPKs, WRKYs and VQs were predicted through correlation analysis. OsWRKY transcriptional regulation was predicted by in silico analysis of cis-regulatory elements. A total of 39 OsWRKYs were differentially expressed. OsWRKY21, OsWRK24 and OsWRKY69 are potential positive regulators, while OsWRKY10, OsWRK47, OsWRKY62, OsWRKY72 and OsWRKY77 are potential negative regulators, of chilling tolerance. 12 OsMAPKs were differentially expressed. OsMAPKs were downregulated and negatively correlated with the upregulated OsWRKYs in the tolerant genotype. 19 OsVQs were differentially expressed, three and six OsVQs were positively correlated with OsWRKYs in the tolerant and sensitive genotypes, respectively. Seven differentially expressed OsWRKYs have cold-responsive elements in their promoters and five upregulated OsWRKYs in the tolerant genotype contained the W-box motif. Chilling causes changes in OsWRKY, OsMAPK and OsVQ gene expression at germination. OsWRKYs may not act downstream of the MAPK cascade to coordinate chilling tolerance, but OsWRKYs may act with VQs to regulate chilling tolerance. Candidate OsWRKYs are correlated and have a W-box in the promoter, suggesting an auto-regulation mechanism.
Subject(s)
Oryza , Chills , Cold Temperature , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Germination/genetics , Oryza/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Chlorothalonil (CLT) is a broad spectrum, and non-systemic fungicide applied in foliar structures to prevent and treat pathogens. This compound reaches to aquatic environments and affects the biota. In this context, the main goal of this study was to assess the effects of CLT at biochemical, tissular, and individual levels of biological organization using the invasive bivalve Corbicula largillierti as a bioindicator species. Clams were exposed to different sublethal concentrations (0, 10, 20 and 50 µg. L-1 CLT) for 96 h. At biochemical level, the enzymatic activity (Glutathione-s-Transferase, Catalase, Acetyl-, Butiryl- and Carboxyl-esterases) and lipid peroxidation were measured in gills and the visceral mass. Also, the digestive gland morphometry through quantitative histological indexes was registered at the tissular level. Finally, filtering activity and burial behavior at the individual level were measured. At the highest CLT concentration, the most significant changes were observed in enzymatic activity (except for butyrylcholinesterase), lipid peroxidation and in digestive gland morphometry. It was also registered increases of the filtering activity and the latency time to burial. Most of the biomarkers assessed showed significant responses under CLT exposure. Therefore, taking into account that C. largillierti was affected by CLT, it can be expected that other species could be in a potential risk if this fungicide is present in freshwater systems.
Subject(s)
Corbicula/drug effects , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Fresh Water/chemistry , Fungicides, Industrial/toxicity , Nitriles/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Biomarkers/metabolism , Catalase/metabolism , Corbicula/enzymology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fungicides, Industrial/analysis , Gills/drug effects , Gills/enzymology , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Nitriles/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysisABSTRACT
Iron (Fe) is an essential microelement for all living organisms playing important roles in several metabolic reactions. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is commonly cultivated in paddy fields, where Fe goes through a reduction reaction from Fe3+ to Fe2+. Since Fe2+ is more soluble, it can reach toxic levels inside plant cells, constituting an important target for studies. Here we aimed to verify morphological changes of different rice genotypes focusing on deciphering the underlying molecular network induced upon Fe excess treatments with special emphasis on the role of four WRKY transcription factors. The transcriptional response peak of these WRKY transcription factors in rice seedlings occurs at 4 days of exposition to iron excess. OsWRKY55-like, OsWRKY46, OsWRKY64, and OsWRKY113 are up-regulated in BR IRGA 409, an iron-sensitive genotype, while in cultivars Nipponbare (moderately resistant) and EPAGRI 108 (resistant) the expression profiles of these transcription factors show similar behaviors. Here is also shown that some cis-regulatory elements known to be involved in other different stress responses can be linked to conditions of iron excess. Overall, here we support the role of WRKY transcription factors in iron stress tolerance with other important steps toward finding why some rice genotypes are more tolerant than others.
Subject(s)
Iron/metabolism , Oryza/genetics , Phenotype , Plant Proteins/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Genome, Plant , Iron/toxicity , Oryza/metabolism , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Stress, Physiological , Transcription Factors/metabolismABSTRACT
Sediment-living organisms can be subjected to a multi-pollution condition due to an increase in the diversity of contaminants. Sediment mixtures of Mercury (Hg) and some polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons like Pyrene (Pyr) are common in heavily industrialized coastal zones. In the present study, greater than (>) and less than (<) probable effect concentration levels (PELs) of Hg and Pyr were assessed using spiked sediments in order to determine combined (Hg + Pyr) effects in uptake, metabolization and oxidative balance in the polychaete Perinereis gualpensis at short and medium-term exposure. Hg + Pyr significantly influenced the uptake/kinetics of Hg and Pyr metabolite 1-OH-pyrene in polychaete tissues during the exposure time compared with separate treatments of each analyte (p < 0.05). Both the Hg-only and Pyr-only exposures significantly influenced both enzymatic and non-enzymatic responses respect to control groups (p < 0.05). The Hg-only treatment showed the worst scenario related to the activation and subsequent inhibition of glutathione S- transferase (GST) and peroxidase (GPx) activities, high levels of Thiol-groups (SH-groups), low antioxidant capacity (ACAP) and enhanced lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in the last days of exposure (p < 0.05). In contrast, ragworms exposed to Hg + Pyr showed a significant increase in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity during the first days of exposure and the absence of lipid peroxidation during the whole experiment. Our results suggest different oxidative stress scenarios in P. gualpensis when exposed to >PEL Hg concentration with Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring
, Mercury/toxicity
, Polychaeta/physiology
, Pyrenes/toxicity
, Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
, Animals
, Estuaries
, Geologic Sediments
, Glutathione/metabolism
, Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
, Lipid Peroxidation
, Mercury/analysis
, Oxidative Stress
, Pyrenes/analysis
, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism
, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
ABSTRACT
Although flooding is one of the most important environmental stresses worldwide, not all plant species are intolerant to its effects. Species from semi-aquatic environments, such as rice, have the capacity to cope with flooding stress. Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) are thought to contribute to cellular homeostasis under both optimal and adverse growth conditions. Studies of gene expression in plants exposed to low levels of oxygen revealed the up-regulation of Hsp genes. However, it is not clear whether Hsp genes are transcribed as a function of tolerance or whether they represent a response to anoxic stress. Therefore, the accumulation of Hsp gene transcripts was investigated in two different cultivars, "Nipponbare" (flooding tolerant) and "IPSL 2070" (flooding sensitive), subjected to anoxic stress. Fifteen-day-old rice root seedlings from both cultivars were used. Four different treatments were performed: no anoxia (control); 24-h anoxia; 48-h anoxia; and 72-h anoxia. Anoxic stress was confirmed by the increased gene expression of alcohol dehydrogenase. The data obtained showed that both rice cultivars ("Nipponbare" and "IPSL 2070") accumulated Hsp gene transcripts under anoxic stress; however, the majority of the Hsp genes evaluated were responsive to anoxic stress in "IPSL 2070" (flooding sensitive), whereas in "Nipponbare" (flooding tolerant), only six genes were highly up-regulated. This suggests that although Hsps have an important role in the response to anoxia, they are not the major cause of tolerance.
Subject(s)
Hypoxia/genetics , Oryza/genetics , Oryza/metabolism , Adaptation, Physiological/genetics , Adaptation, Physiological/physiology , Alcohol Dehydrogenase/biosynthesis , Alcohol Dehydrogenase/genetics , Cell Hypoxia/physiology , Floods , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis , Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Hypoxia/metabolism , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Oxygen/metabolism , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Roots/metabolism , Seedlings/genetics , Stress, Physiological , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
Most of the difficulties when trying to realize the proposal to prescribe physical activity for transplantation patients come from patient attitudes and cultural beliefs that ignore the benefits of exercise, but there also are organizational aspects arising from the difficulties that these patients face in accessing supervised exercise facilities. To address these difficulties, the Italian study project "Transplant and Now Sport" was developed based on a model of cooperation among transplantation specialists, sports physicians, and exercise specialists organized as a team combining their specific skills to effectively actuate the physical exercise programs. This preliminary report is based on 26 patients (16 male, 10 female; 47.8±10.0 years old; 21 kidney and 5 liver transplantations; time from transplantation 2.3±1.4 years) who performed prescribed and supervised exercises consisting of 3 sessions per week of aerobic and strengthening exercises for 1 year. Preliminary results show a significant decrease in body mass index (t=1.966; P<.05) and a significant increase in peak aerobic power (t=4.535; P<.01) and maximum workload (t=4.665; P<.01) on the incremental cycling test. Also maximum strength of knee extensors (t=2.933; P<.05) and elbow flexors (t=2.450; P<.05) and countermovement jump performance (t=2.303; P<.05) significantly increased. Creatinine and proteinuria tended to decrease, but the differences were not significant. In health-related quality of life assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire, the Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, and Role Emotional scale scores showed a significant improvement (P<.05). Preliminary results of the study protocol "Transplant and Now Sport" show the positive effects of the model based on cooperation among transplantation centers, sports medicine centers, and gyms in the administration of a supervised exercise prescription. These data should be considered a contribution to developing and promoting further detailed exercise protocols and to fostering improved posttransplantation health and survival, helping to ensure that physical activity becomes a safe routine medical treatment plan of patient management.
Subject(s)
Exercise , Transplant Recipients , Body Mass Index , Female , Humans , Italy , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle Strength , Patient Care Team , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
We compared the anti-estrogen receptors (ER) SP1, 6F11, and 1D5 antibodies in breast carcinoma cases with different ranges of positive cells to evaluate whether this could generate different therapies for patients. We selected 66 cases of breast cancer, each of which was immunostained with the 3 antibodies. 1D5 was less sensitive than SP1 and 6F11, as seen in 26, 20, and 21 negative cases, respectively. Nine cases showed differences in endocrine-therapy indications, of which 8 1D5-negative cases showed low positivity for SP1 and/or 6F11. However, these cases were prevalently G3, progesterone receptor-negative or low-positive, with high Ki-67 and positive HER-2 findings, all biological features associated with endocrine resistance. Finally ER values obtained with these 3 antibodies had no implications for chemotherapy.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal , Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Receptors, Estrogen/immunology , Breast Neoplasms/immunology , Female , Humans , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
In this paper we concentrated on the possibility of adopting molecular imprinting technology for the preparation of polymeric membranes imprinted with phosphatidylcholine, one of the main phospholipids found in the cell membrane and lipoproteins, via phase inversion, with the intention of applying this method in the ongoing research into the regression of atherosclerosis. The polymer matrix was based on poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) with an ethylene molar content of 44% and the amount of template molecule was varied so as to obtain three different kinds of membrane. We found that they possessed elevated binding capabilities (78.6% of the initial amount of phosphatidylcholine was found to be adsorbed by the membrane) united with a very high selectivity. Similar phospholipids (phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine) were found to be adsorbed only in very small quantities and mostly due to the porosity of the membrane itself and not to molecular imprinting.
Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques/methods , Membranes, Artificial , Molecular Probe Techniques , Phospholipids/analysis , Phospholipids/chemistry , Polyvinyls/chemistry , Adsorption , Materials Testing , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Lupus anticoagulants (LA) are immunoglobulins which inhibit phospholipid (PL)-dependent coagulation tests. LA are not specific, as they may reflect the presence of antibodies to human prothrombin, human beta(2)-Glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI), an association of previous antibodies or other antibodies. Antibodies to human beta(2)GPI act as in vitro anticoagulants by enhancing the binding of beta(2)GPI to PL, and this binding may be influenced by calcium ion concentration. A reduction in final calcium concentration, from 10 mm to 5 mm, increased coagulation times in both dilute Russell Viper Venom Time (dRVVT) and dilute Prothrombin Time (dPT) when plasmas of patients with antibeta(2)GPI antibodies were used. Ten LA patients showed increased dRVVT and dPT ratios from means of 1.5 to 1.7 (P < 0.001) and 2.4 to 4.3 (P = 0.002), respectively. Instead, all LA-positive antibeta(2)GPI antibody-negative patients showed decreased coagulation times from mean ratios of 1.5 to 1.3 (P = 0.004) in dRVVT and from 2.0 to 1.5 (P = 0.01) in dPT. These results are confirmed by running dRVVT of normal plasma spiked with affinity purified IgG antibeta(2)GPI antibodies. Therefore, when a PL-dependent coagulation test is run twice, at different final calcium concentrations, antibeta(2)GPI LA can be identified.
Subject(s)
Blood Coagulation Tests/methods , Glycoproteins/immunology , Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor/blood , Autoantibodies/blood , Calcium/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Partial Thromboplastin Time , Prothrombin Time , beta 2-Glycoprotein ISubject(s)
Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , International Normalized Ratio , Prothrombin Time , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Warfarin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Clinical data have supported the combination of subcutaneous r-interleukin-2 (rIL-2) and r-interferon-alpha (rIFN-alpha) as a promising combination for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with a reduced toxicity. We evaluated the activity and safety of this outpatient immunotherapy and report on the clinical results and the long-term survival analysis. Objective responses was observed in 9 of 50 (18%) patients, 6 of whom (12%) achieved a complete response. Overall median survival is 12 months, six patients were surviving at a median follow-up of 24 months, and three (6%) are still progression-free.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy , Immunotherapy, Active , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Interleukin-2/administration & dosage , Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary , Female , Humans , Injections, Subcutaneous , Interferon alpha-2 , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Interleukin-2/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Recombinant Proteins , Remission Induction , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
The authors report the results of an investigation performed in a surgical teaching department of the University of Padua. A form was given to all women admitted for breast cancer. Questions were related to the most important concerns during the hospital stay. The targets of this investigation were: To evaluate the feelings during the diagnostic work-up and the related procedures, to evaluate the role and the reaction of the patient's family, to define kind and quality of the informations given to the patients from the nurses staff, to report concern about the future, to define quality of nursing associate, ght to detect the most difficult moments of the disease. On the basis of this investigation the authors suggest the options to approach the problems and possible solutions.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/psychology , Patient Satisfaction , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/nursing , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Hospital Units , Humans , Middle Aged , Needs Assessment , Quality of Health Care , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
We present our clinical and metabolic follow-up data of 74 patients submitted to total bladder substitution using an ileal orthotopic neobladder in one group of 64 patients and a continent stomal pouch in another group of 10 patients. In the first group the mean follow-up was 41.5 months. The daytime continence was early achieved in 89% (57/64) and was maintained with time; at 12 month follow-up nocturnal continence was reached in 71% (45/64). Post voiding residual was significant only in 4 patients (2 men and 2 women). No clinical signs of pyelonephritis nor renal scars at IVP was evidenced in all but 7 patients in which a silent uretero-ileal stenosis developed. No severe metabolic acidosis or B 12 deficiency occurred. In the second group (Continent Pouch) the long term 3-Year follow-up shows a complete continence in all patients with an average capacity of 600 cc. No late complications occurred in all patients but one in which self intermittent catheterization was uncomfortable and now he prefer permanent catheter and in another patient with a stone in the Pouch treated with Lithoclast. In conclusion, total bladder substitution after radical cystectomy is now represented by orthotopic neobladder or continent Pouch in men and women. Early and late complication rate is relatively low and continence generally good.
Subject(s)
Urinary Diversion , Aged , Cystectomy , Cystitis/surgery , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sex Factors , Time Factors , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Urinary Diversion/adverse effects , Urinary Reservoirs, Continent/adverse effectsABSTRACT
We have evaluated 79 patients affected by bladder cancer T1G3: 31 underwent just endoscopy, 11 radiotherapy, 10 cystectomy and 27 topical chemotherapy. At five years 44 patients were alive and disease free, 7 were alive but recurrent in TA, 3 were alive but in metastatic progression, 17 were died because of the tumor, 3 died because of the therapy, and 5 died disease free. The authors believe that this patients could be treated with BCG as first treatment choice performing cystectomy when relapse or progression occuring.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/therapy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Combined Modality Therapy , Cystectomy , Disease-Free Survival , Endoscopy , Epirubicin/therapeutic use , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Time Factors , Urinary Bladder/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Recent clinical studies have suggested that the combination of subcutaneous recombinant human interleukin 2 (rIL-2) and interferon alpha (rIFN-alpha) is especially promising in advanced renal cell carcinoma. We assessed the safety, activity and toxicity of home therapy with these two agents in 50 patients. Each treatment cycle consisted of a 2 day pulse phase, with 9 x 10(6) IU m-2 of rIL-2 being given subcutaneously every 12 h, followed by a 6 week maintenance phase during which rIL-2 1.8 x 10(6) IU m-2 was administered subcutaneously every 12 h on days 1-5 and rIFN-alpha 2b 5 x 10(6) IU m-2 once a day on days 1, 3 and 5. Objective responses (CR+PR) occurred in 9/50 (18%) patients, six of whom (12%) achieved a complete response. Disease stabilisation was observed in 17 cases (34%) and 18 patients progressed during therapy. In the other six cases, treatment was interrupted early for toxicity or patient refusal. One patient died of myocardial infarction during the second cycle. The overall median survival was 12 months. Home therapy with subcutaneous rIL-2 + rIFN-alpha 2b proved to be active, feasible and moderately toxic, but serious adverse events can sometimes occur.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy , Kidney Neoplasms/therapy , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Drug Administration Schedule , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Injections, Subcutaneous , Interferon alpha-2 , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Interleukin-2/administration & dosage , Male , Middle Aged , Recombinant ProteinsABSTRACT
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is just one of the numerous options available in the modern treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but it's still now the "gold standard". Absorption of irrigating fluid is the greatest complication and results in clinical manifestations in 2% of the TURPs performed. There is a statistically significant relationship between gland size and the total volume of irrigant absorbed. To reduce this absorption Reuter introduced suprapubic trocar drainage to obtain the same results from both the small and the large prostates. Operating time, in fact, is reduced because, also at the same time, this large tube drains both irrigation fluid and prostatic chips.
Subject(s)
Drainage , Prostatectomy/methods , Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery , Drainage/instrumentation , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Male , Therapeutic Irrigation , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The etiology of impotence after radical prostatectomy and radical cystoprostatectomy is unclear, although a variety of potential factors have been cited: neurogenic, psychogenic and vascular. Injury to the pelvic nerve plexus and the branches that innervate the corpora cavernosa (cavernous nerves), seems to be the most important iatrogenic factor. The Authors selected 14 patients candidate to radical prostatectomy or radical cystoprostatectomy and studied their potency pre and post operatively by anamnesis and/or Rigiscan test. The sacral-evoked potential was determined in all these patients in order to detect a neurological etiologies. The average latency of the bulbo cavernous reflex was similar in the patients that lost their potency after surgery and in the patients that didn't lose their potency after surgery. The sacral-evoked response seems not to be a diagnostic test in the study of the impotence after pelvic radical surgery.
Subject(s)
Cystectomy/adverse effects , Erectile Dysfunction/etiology , Hypogastric Plexus/injuries , Prostatectomy/adverse effects , Reflex, Abnormal , Arteries/injuries , Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Evoked Potentials , Humans , Hypogastric Plexus/physiopathology , Male , Penis/blood supply , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Reaction TimeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Interferons have shown a definite activity in the intravesical treatment of residual papillary bladder cancer or carcinoma in situ (CIS). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of interferon alfa-2b (IFN) as prophylactic treatment of superficial bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred eighty-seven patients with primary pTa G2, pT1 G1 to G2 superficial bladder cancer, following complete transurethral resection (TUR), were randomly allocated to receive intravesical treatment, either with IFN (50 x 10(6) IU) or mitomycin (MIT-C; 40 mg). Drugs were instilled on a weekly basis for a total of 8 weeks. RESULTS: MIT-C was superior to IFN treatment with respect to time to recurrence, relative recurrence rate, recurrence rate per 100 patients per month, and recurrence tumor rate per 100 patients per month. This difference was particularly evident in patients with pTa G2 tumors. After multivariate analysis, the number of primary tumors and tumor grade were the best predictors of recurrence, while allocated treatment had only a moderate effect. Intravesical treatment was well tolerated in both arms. However, more local toxicity was experienced by patients treated with MIT-C. On the other hand, fever occurred significantly more frequently in patients treated with IFN. CONCLUSION: IFN was less effective, although locally better tolerated, than MIT-C as prophylactic treatment of primary superficial bladder cancer.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma in Situ/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Papillary/drug therapy , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Mitomycin/therapeutic use , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/prevention & control , Administration, Intravesical , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma in Situ/pathology , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Cystoscopy , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Interferon alpha-2 , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Interferon-alpha/adverse effects , Male , Middle Aged , Mitomycin/administration & dosage , Mitomycin/adverse effects , Recombinant Proteins , Statistics as Topic , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
The authors present a case of severe cervico-urethral obstruction by Von Brunn cysts. These cysts are often found even in macroscopically healthy bladders, but only rarely reach such a size as to be revealed by ultrasound. They can be asymptomatic or cause obstruction if large. They are no longer considered preneoplastic lesions and are therefore treated according to symptoms. When these cysts cause dysuria they are removed, preferably by transurethral resection, as it is the only method (unlike needle aspiration) which prevents recurrence.
Subject(s)
Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Urethral Obstruction/diagnostic imaging , Urinary Bladder Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Cysts/complications , Humans , Male , Ultrasonography , Urethral Obstruction/etiology , Urinary Bladder Diseases/complicationsABSTRACT
139 patients underwent urinary cytology and bladder sonography in follow-up of superficial bladder cancer (Ta G1-3) alternatively or at the same time of cystoscopy. Medium follow-up was 27.2 mos. In 7.91% there was progression to T1 o T2 but no case escaped this protocol. In 9% urinary cytology and bladder sonography were both falsely negative: tumors were smaller than 0.5 cm and low grade. In 76 patients with Tar bladder cystoscopy rate was 1/5.2 mos. before this study and 1/7.2 mos. after this study. In our opinion this protocol reveals the recurrence of superficial bladder tumor, reduce cystoscopy rate with no risk of ignored progression.