Effects of intra-abdominal hypertension on maternal-fetal outcomes in term pregnant women: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a systematic review to assess the effects of intra-abdominal hypertension on maternal-fetal outcomes. METHODS: The search was carried out between 28th June to 4th July 2022 on the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020206526). The systematic review was performed according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. To assess the methodological quality and control the risk of bias, New Castle was used. RESULTS: A total of 6203 articles were found. Of these, 5 met the selection criteria for a full reading. The selected studies included a total of 271 pregnant women, of which 242 underwent elective cesarean section and measurement of intra-abdominal pressure via a bladder catheter. In both pregnant women groups, the lowest intra-abdominal pressure values were found in the supine position with left lateral tilt. Prepartum values in normotensive women with singleton pregnancy (7.3±1.3 to 14.1 ± 1 mmHg) were lower than in gestational hypertensive disorders (12.0±3.3 to 18.3±2.6 mmHg). In postpartum, the values decreased in both groups but were even lower in normotensive women (3.7±0.8 to 9.9 ± 2.6 mmHg vs 8.5 ± 3.6 to 13.6 ± 3.3 mmHg). The same was true for twin pregnancies. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment index ranged from 0.6 (0.5) to 0.9 (0.7) in both groups of pregnant women. The placental malondialdehyde levels were statistically (p < 0.05) higher in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia (2.52±1.05) than normotensive (1.42±0.54). CONCLUSIONS: Prepartum intra-abdominal pressure values in normotensive women were close or equal to intra-abdominal hypertension and compatible with gestational hypertensive disorders even in the postpartum period. IAP values were consistently lower in supine position with lateral tilt in both groups. Significant correlations were found between prematurity, low birth weight, pregnant women with hypertensive disorders, and increased intra-abdominal pressure. However, there was no significant association of dysfunction in any system in the relationship between intra-abdominal pressure and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Despite the higher malondialdehyde values in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, the findings were inconclusive. Given the observed data on maternal and fetal outcomes, it would be recommended that intra-abdominal pressure measurements be standardized and used as a diagnostic tool during pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration: October 9th, 2020, CRD42020206526.

Association of electrical bioimpedance vectors with the nutritional classification of vulnerable multiethnic children.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Monitoring growth and body composition in childhood is vital for early detection of health and nutrition problems during child development. The bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) revealed its effectiveness as an indicator of nutritional status. This study aimed to measure the bioimpedance vectors of a sample of multiethnic children and evaluate the utility of BIVA for the classification of the nutritional status in a group of children with greater vulnerability, including in the presence of obesity. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed the bioelectrical impedance of a sample of 321 children from public daycare centers, aged 1-4 years, using the RXc graph method (tetrapolar analysis at 50 kHz frequency). The 95%, 75%, and 50% tolerance ellipses were plotted by age group. The Z-scores of bioimpedance parameters (Xc/H-Z and R/H-Z) were calculated regarding age, which were used to build reference tolerance ellipses for a single group, regardless of age. Such ellipses were evaluated for their ability to recognize the pattern and classify the deviations, using individual vectors of obese children. RESULTS: The mean impedance vectors showed progressively higher reactances and lower resistances with age. In the group of obese children, the individual vectors located outside the 95% baseline tolerance ellipse were 12.5%, 18.75%, and 11.1% of the cases for the WHZ, WAZ, and BMIZ criteria, respectively, all above the expected 5%, but much below expectations. This may be a problem with the obesity criteria used, as WHZ, WAZ, and BMIZ do not differentiate fat from lean mass. CONCLUSION: Bioimpedance vector analysis reflects differences in the bioelectric patterns of children classified as obese. Provided the obesity criteria are constructed based on fat measurements, rather than lean mass, the use of tolerance ellipses in the BIVA chart is promising as a tool for monitoring nutritional status where measuring body composition is difficult, because constant tissue hydration cannot be assumed.

Pesquisa participativa e as estratégias de promoção da saúde integral da criança no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) / Investigación participativa y las estrategias de promoción de la salud integral del niño en el Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS) / Participative research and comprehensive child healthcare promotion strategies in the Brazilian National Health System (SUS)

Neste artigo, discutem-se aspectos metodológicos de uma investigação que tomou a promoção da participação dos envolvidos como desafio. Interessou compreender os sentidos atribuídos por equipes de Saúde da Família à Caderneta de Saúde da Criança (CSC) e ao desenvolvimento infantil. A pesquisa-intervenção promoveu o compartilhamento de pontos de vista entre pesquisadores e trabalhadores em grupos focais com utilização de narrativas, construindo condições para que os participantes se tornassem protagonistas da investigação proposta. A realização dessa estratégia promoveu: 1) maior apropriação do instrumento; 2) aprofundamento e reposicionamento quanto a questões cristalizadas nos modos de funcionamento das equipes; 3) validação dos resultados da pesquisa. Tais resultados indicam que há uma contribuição das pesquisas participativas para a consolidação do SUS, pois, ao proporem o acesso a um plano comum como estratégia metodológica, promovem também maior engajamento das equipes em relação aos temas propostos.(AU)

En el artículo se discuten aspectos metodológicos de una investigación que consideró la promoción de la participación de los envueltos como un desafío. El interés se concentró en entender los sentidos atribuidos por equipos de Salud de la Familia a la Cartilla de Salud del Niño (CSC, por sus siglas en portugués) y al desarrollo infantil. La investigación-intervención promovió la compartición de puntos de vista entre investigadores y trabajadores en grupos focales con utilización de narrativas, construyendo condiciones para que los participantes pasaran a ser protagonistas del estudio propuesto. La realización de esta estrategia promovió: 1) mayor apropiación del instrumento; 2) profundización y reposicionamiento con relación a cuestiones cristalizadas en los modos de funcionamiento de los equipos; 3) validación de los resultados del estudio. Tales resultados indican que hay una contribución de los estudios participativos para la consolidación del SUS, puesto que al proponer el acceso a un plan común como estrategia metodológica también promueven un mayor compromiso de los equipos en relación a los temas propuestos.(AU)

The article discusses methodological aspects of an investigation aimed at promoting the involvement of participants as a challenge. We were interested in understanding how family health teams made sense of the child handbook - Caderneta de Saúde da Criança, and child development. The intervention-research promoted the sharing of viewpoints among researchers and providers in focal groups with the use of narratives making it possible for the participants to become key players of the proposed investigation. The implementation of the strategy promoted: 1) the greater ownership of the instrument, 2) the deepening and repositioning regarding crystalized issues in the functioning of teams, and 3 ) the validation of research results. These results indicate that there is a contribution of participatory research to the consolidation of SUS because they propose access to a common plan as methodological strategy and promote greater engagement of the teams in relation to the proposed themes.(AU)

Use of a monitoring tool for growth and development in Brazilian children – systematic review / Uso de instrumento de acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança no Brasil – revisão sistemática de literatura

To assess the use of a health monitoring tool in Brazilian children, with emphasis on the variables related to growth and development, which are crucial aspects of child health care. Data source: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in studies performed in Brazil, using the Cochrane Brazil, Lilacs, SciELO and Medline databases. The descriptors and keywords used were “growth and development”, “child development”, “child health record”, “child health handbook”, “health record and child” and “child handbook”, as well as the equivalent terms in Portuguese. Studies were screened by title and summary and those considered eligible were read in full. Data synthesis: Sixty-eight articles were identified and eight articles were included in the review, as they carried out a quantitative analysis of the filling out of information. Five studies assessed the completion of the Child's Health Record and three of the Child's Health Handbook. All articles concluded that the information was not properly recorded. Growth monitoring charts were rarely filled out, reaching 96.3% in the case of weight for age. The use of the BMI chart was not reported, despite the growing rates of childhood obesity. Only two studies reported the completion of development milestones and, in these, the milestones were recorded in approximately 20% of the verified tools. Conclusions: The results of the assessed articles disclosed underutilization of the tool and reflect low awareness by health professionals regarding the recording of information in the child's health monitoring document.

Avaliar o uso de instrumento de acompanhamento de saúde da criança, com ênfase nas variáveis do acompanhamento do crescimento e do desenvolvimento, eixo central do cuidado à saúde infantil. Fontes dos dados: Feita revisão sistemática da literatura de estudos no Brasil nas bases de dados Cochrane Brasil, Lilacs, SciELO e Medline. Os descritores e as palavras-chave usadas foram “crescimento e desenvolvimento”, “desenvolvimento infantil”, “cartão da criança”, “caderneta de saúde da criança”, “cartão e criança” e “caderneta da criança”. Os estudos foram rastreados por título e resumo e foi feita a leitura completa daqueles considerados elegíveis. Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 68 artigos e oito foram incluídos no estudo por fazer a análise quantitativa do preenchimento. Cinco estudos avaliaram o preenchimento do Cartão da Criança e três da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança. Todos os artigos concluíram que as informações não foram adequadamente registradas. Os gráficos de acompanhamento do crescimento raramente foram preenchidos e chegaram a 96,3% no caso de peso para a idade. O uso do gráfico do IMC não foi relatado, a despeito do quadro crescente da obesidade infantil. Apenas dois estudos referiram preenchimento dos marcos do desenvolvimento e, nesses, houve registro dos marcos em aproximadamente 20% dos instrumentos verificados. Conclusões: Os resultados dos artigos revistos evidenciam subutilização do instrumento e refletem baixa sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde para o registro no documento de acompanhamento de saúde da criança.

Repeatability and Diagnostic Value of Nasal Potential Difference in a Genetically Admixed Population.

BACKGROUND: The genetic diversity of the Brazilian population results from three ethnic groups admixture: Europeans, Africans and Amerindians, thus increasing the difficulty of performing cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosis. The nasal potential difference (NPD) evaluates the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity. Despite being a useful CF diagnostic test and a biomarker of CFTR-modulator drugs, it is also highly operator dependent. Therefore, it may be difficult to get accurate results and to interpret them. Wilschanski and Sermet scores were proposed to address these issues. This study aimed to evaluate repeatability and diagnostic value of NPD parameters and Wilschanski and Sermet scores in a CF center in Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: NPD was performed in 78 subjects. Maximal PD, amiloride response, total chloride response, and Wilschanski and Sermet scores were explored as means (confidence interval, CI). One-way ANOVA was used to compare mean differences and Scheffe test was used to pair-wise comparisons. Repeatability was evaluated by scatter and Bland-Altman plots. The Ethics Committee of the CF Center has approved the study protocol. Parents and adult participants signed an informed consent form. RESULTS: Forty-eight healthy-volunteers, 19 non-CF and 11 CF patients were enrolled in this study. Significant differences were found when comparing CF patients' NPD parameters to the other two groups (P = 0.000). Moreover, no significant differences were found when parameters from non-CF patients were compared with those from healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). The means of NPD parameters and diagnostic scores of each group were in concordance with disease/non-disease conditions. The repeatability data - Wilschanski and Sermet and NPD - allow NPD to be performed in this Brazilian CF Center. CONCLUSIONS: The present study gathered consistent data for Bland-Altman plots. The results of Wilschanski and Sermet diagnostic scores suggest that they were concordant with CF/non-CF conditions. More NPD tests should be performed in the Rio de Janeiro CF dynamic cohort to contribute to international NPD validation studies and to provide NPD as a biomarker in Brazil.

[Use of a monitoring tool for growth and development in Brazilian children - systematic literature review]. / Uso de instrumento de acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança no Brasil - Revisão sistemática de literatura.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of a health monitoring tool in Brazilian children, with emphasis on the variables related to growth and development, which are crucial aspects of child health care. DATA SOURCE: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in studies performed in Brazil, using the Cochrane Brazil, Lilacs, SciELO and Medline databases. The descriptors and keywords used were "growth and development", "child development", "child health record", "child health handbook", "health record and child" and "child handbook", as well as the equivalent terms in Portuguese. Studies were screened by title and summary and those considered eligible were read in full. DATA SYNTHESIS: Sixty-eight articles were identified and eight articles were included in the review, as they carried out a quantitative analysis of the filling out of information. Five studies assessed the completion of the Child's Health Record and three of the Child's Health Handbook. All articles concluded that the information was not properly recorded. Growth monitoring charts were rarely filled out, reaching 96.3% in the case of weight for age. The use of the BMI chart was not reported, despite the growing rates of childhood obesity. Only two studies reported the completion of development milestones and, in these, the milestones were recorded in approximately 20% of the verified tools. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the assessed articles disclosed underutilization of the tool and reflect low awareness by health professionals regarding the recording of information in the child's health monitoring document.

Central obesity and other factors associated with uncontrolled asthma in women.

BACKGROUND: Asthma remains an uncontrolled disease. The Comorbidities, particularly obesity, and several other factors have been identified as being individually associated with asthma control, and these factors vary among different countries and between sexes. Studies have suggested that the harmful effects of these factors are greatest among women. The aim of the present study was to identify associated factors with uncontrolled asthma in women at the outpatient clinic of a Federal University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with asthmatic women, older than 18 years old. All subjects were included according to stringent criteria. The study used a structured questionnaire with data about demographic variables, education level, comorbid conditions, and disease history. Anthropometric and spirometric measurements were obtained. Asthma control was assessed by three different tools: the Asthma Control Test (ACT), the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria. RESULTS: A total of 124 women were included, and 57%, 38% and 21% were totally controlled according to ACT, ACQ and GINA criteria, respectively. A total of 31.5% were obese. According to the CI (Conicity Index) and WC (waist circumference) respectively, 84% and 68% were centrally obese. There was no association between asthma control and age, education, duration of the disease or BMI (Body Mass Index) in the three models, but there was a significant association between central obesity and asthma control with the ACQ and GINA assessment tools, controlling for explanatory variables such as GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Pre-bronchodilator percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were significantly associated with age and FVC was also associated with central obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma remains uncontrolled in women despite treatment, and central obesity seems to have a negative influence on the control of the disease. We believe that women should be studied as a separate group and suggest prospective studies with assessment of fat distribution and biomarkers, controlling for possible comorbidities associated with asthma control.

Association between quality of the diet and cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: Climateric is a phase of women's life marked by the transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive period. In addition to overall weight gain, the menopause is also associated with the increase of abdominal fat. We used The Healthy Eating Index as a summary measure to evaluate the major components and the quality of women's diet after the onset of the menopause. This study aims at examining the association between the quality of the diet and cardiometabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 215 postmenopausal women attending a public outpatient clinic. The 24-hour dietary recall method was used to assess the food intake and to establish the Healthy Eating Index. Diets were then classified as appropriate diet (>80 points), diet "requiring improvement" (80-51 points), and poor diet (<51 points). Cardiometabolic risk factors included abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The Fisher's exact test was utilized for the Statistical analysis. RESULTS: The analysis of the food intake showed that the average daily intake of lipids (36.7%) and sodium (2829.9 mg) were above the recommended. Only 8.8% of the women performed moderate or intense physical exercises on a regular basis. The diet was considered poor in 16.3%, "requiring improvement" in 82.8%, and appropriate for only 0.9% of the women. The study detected increased waist circumference in 92.1% of the participants. The mean concentration of triglycerides was of 183.3 mg/dl, and 130.7 mg/dl for cholesterol (Low Density Lipoprotein). CONCLUSION: Women consume a low quality diet, possibly due to the low intake of vegetables and fruits and excessive consumption of sodium. These inappropriate eating habits are associated with and, have a negative impact on the cardiometabolic risk factors such as abdominal obesity.

Bioelectrical impedance parameters in critically ill children: importance of reactance and resistance.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Currently, there are no clinical or laboratory parameters that can be used efficiently to predict the prognosis of critically ill patients, but in some situations, raw bioelectrical impedance parameters have been shown to be useful. The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of reactance and resistance in the severity of the critically ill pediatric patient. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed bioelectrical impedance in a sample of 332 critically ill pediatric patients submitted to mechanical ventilation. The values taken on admission and discharge were correlated with major outcomes to the critically ill patient. RESULTS: We found an association of low values of Xc/H (<27.7 Ohm/m) and of R/H (<563.6 Ohm/m) on admission with multiple organs dysfunction greater or equal to 4. Both R/H and Xc/H increased significantly between admission and discharge among survivors, while among nonsurvivors there was a trend of decrease between admission and the last measurement before death. CONCLUSIONS: Bioelectrical impedance is a useful tool for monitoring of critically ill pediatric patients. A possible role of R/H and Xc/H, especially the latter, as a predictive biomarker of evolution for septic shock and organ dysfunction still remains to be elucidated.

Alimentação saudável, escolaridade e excesso de peso entre mulheres de baixa renda / Healthy eating, schooling and being overweight among low-income women

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores associados à prevalência do excesso de peso e obesidade em uma população de mulheres adultas de baixa renda, moradoras de uma região metropolitana; e sua associação com variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, reprodutivas e comportamentais, destacando a alimentação saudável. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional com uma amostra probabilística de 758 mulheres de 20 anos ou mais moradoras de Campos Elíseos - Duque de Caxias. Utilizou-se análise bivariada e regressão multivariada hierarquizada para identificar fatores associados ao excesso de peso e obesidade. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se uma prevalência de obesidade de 23% e prevalências de 56,0%, quando somados o excesso de peso e a obesidade. Encontrou-se associação inversa entre anos de estudo, excesso de peso e obesidade. A maioria das mulheres referiu alimentação saudável (73,6%), que aumentou positivamente com a renda, escolaridade e idade. Não consumir semanalmente verduras esteve associado ao excesso de peso e não realizar alimentação saudável esteve associado à obesidade. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstraram que mesmo em uma população com renda baixa, um maior nível de escolaridade tem impacto na prevenção deste agravo e nas escolhas alimentares.

The scope of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the prevalence of being overweight and obesity in a population of low-income adult women living in a metropolitan region and its association with socioeconomic, demographic, reproductive and lifestyle variables, highlighting the importance of healthy eating. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with a random sample of 758 women aged 20 or older living in Campos Elíseos - Duque de Caxias - State of Rio de Janeiro. Bivariate and multivariate hierarchical regression was used to identify factors associated with overweight and obesity. A prevalence of 23% of obesity was found, and a prevalence of 56% of being overweight and obesity combined. An inverse association was found between years of study, being overweight and obesity. Most of the women reported having a healthy diet (73.6%) that increased positively with income, education and age. Failure to consume vegetables weekly was associated with being overweight and not having a healthy diet was associated with obesity. The results of this study demonstrate that even in low-income populations, a higher level of education has an impact on prevention of this problem and in food choices.

[Healthy eating, schooling and being overweight among low-income women]. / Alimentação saudável, escolaridade e excesso de peso entre mulheres de baixa renda.

The scope of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the prevalence of being overweight and obesity in a population of low-income adult women living in a metropolitan region and its association with socioeconomic, demographic, reproductive and lifestyle variables, highlighting the importance of healthy eating. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with a random sample of 758 women aged 20 or older living in Campos Elíseos - Duque de Caxias - State of Rio de Janeiro. Bivariate and multivariate hierarchical regression was used to identify factors associated with overweight and obesity. A prevalence of 23% of obesity was found, and a prevalence of 56% of being overweight and obesity combined. An inverse association was found between years of study, being overweight and obesity. Most of the women reported having a healthy diet (73.6%) that increased positively with income, education and age. Failure to consume vegetables weekly was associated with being overweight and not having a healthy diet was associated with obesity. The results of this study demonstrate that even in low-income populations, a higher level of education has an impact on prevention of this problem and in food choices.

Distribution of bioelectrical impedance vector values in multi-ethnic infants and pre-school children.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Ethnicity may influence bioimpedance values. The goal of this study was to measure total body impedance vector in infants and pre-school children in Brazil and compare them with those reported in other countries. METHODS: We analyzed bioelectrical impedance from a sample of 255 healthy Brazilian children, aged 1-36 months, using the RXc graph method (tetrapolar analysis at 50 kHz frequency). The 95%, 75% and 50% tolerance ellipses were plotted by age group. RESULTS: The mean impedance vector showed migration across age groups, with progressive higher reactances and lower resistances as age increased. The mean bioimpedance vectors from the present sample of Brazilian children were different from those of European children of the same age ranges. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the importance of defining reference values of total body impedance vector for each country in view of the considerable ethnic diversity among different geographical areas.

Identificação de fontes de ruído e de pressão sonora em unidade neonatal / Identification of noise and sound pressure sources in neonatal intensive care unit / Identificación de fuentes de ruido en unidad neonatal

Trata-se de estudo observacional com o objetivo identificar fontes de ruído em uma unidade neonatal e mensurar os níveis de pressão sonora por elas emitidos. Foi desenvolvido em hospital público do município do Rio de Janeiro, entre junho e novembro de 2009, com 70 sessões de identificação realizadas em dez semanas. Os eventos sonoros foram registrados em instrumento eletrônico e os níveis sonoros medidos por um dosímetro. Realizou-se análise descritiva da duração das emissões de ruído por cada fonte e dos níveis sonoros associados. A conversação esteve presente em 99% do tempo no turno da manhã e 90% no turno da tarde, contribuindo com aumento de 3 a 9 decibéis no nível do ruído de fundo. Destaca-se que 57,6% dos eventos de alarmes contínuos ocorreram enquanto o ruído de pico encontrava-se acima de 80 decibéis. A diminuição do ruído nas unidades neonatais demanda uma mudança de comportamento da equipe profissional.

This observational study identified noise sources in a neonatal unit and measured their sound pressure levels. The study was carried out in a public hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, between June and November, 2009 with seventy identification sessions conducted in ten weeks. The noise events were recorded in an electronic instrument and noise levels were measured by a dosimeter. A descriptive analysis of the duration of noise emissions was conducted on the basis of source and associated noise levels. Conversation was present in 99% of the time in the morning shift and in 90% of the afternoon shift, which accounted for 3 to 9 decibels of background noise level. It is noteworthy that 57.6% of the continuous alarm events occurred while noise peak was above 80 decibels. Diminishing noise in neonatal units demands a change in the professional team’s behavior.

La finalidad de este estudio observacional fue identificar fuentes de ruido en una unidad neonatal y mensurar los niveles de presión sonora que emiten. Fue desarrollado en hospital público de Rio de Janeiro - Brasil, entre junio y noviembre de 2009, con 70 sesiones de identificación en diez semanas. Los eventos sonoros fueron registrados en instrumento electrónico y los niveles sonoros medidos por dosímetro. La duración de las emisiones de ruido por cada fuente y de los niveles sonoros asociados fue sujeta al análisis descriptivo. La conversación estuvo presente en 99% del tiempo durante el turno de La mañana y 90% por la tarde, contribuyendo con aumento de 3 a 9 decibeles en el nivel del ruido de fondo. Se destaca que 57,6% de los alarmes continuos ocurrieron mientras el ruido de pico era superior a 80 decibeles. Disminuir el ruido en lãs unidades neonatales demanda cambiar el comportamiento del equipo profesional.