A Foreign Body in Infant Palate: A Case Report

ABSTRACT This report aims to discuss the occurrence and differential diagnosis in hard palate foreign bodies in infants. We present the case of a 16-month-old girl who was found to have plastic part of a toy embedded in her hard palate as a foreign body. The foreign body was extracted with care to avoid aspiration. The possibilities of misdiagnosis and airway aspiration are discussed. Great care was focused on the prevention of airway aspiration.

Adverse reactions to denture resin materials.

Irrespective of the new generation of dental materials, acrylates still have a wide indication field. Although they are classified as biomaterials, acrylates can have both local and systemic side effects. The individual components of the acrylic materials may leave the dental restorations and diffuse into saliva. The aim of this study was to point out the potentially toxic components of acrylic dental materials, as well as their possible adverse effects on oral tissues and the organism in general. The paper was based on the assumption that the appropriate selection of the type of acrylic material and the proper method of their preparation reduce their adverse effects to a minimum, which was proven using literature data.

The Condition of Oral Health in Regular Users of Psychoactive Substances.

OBJECTIVE: Besides various harmful effects on the overall health, chronic consumption of psychoactive substances has different consequences on oral health. The goal of this paper was to examine the condition of oral health in psychoactive substance users during the healing process and to do a comparative analysis of maintaining oral hygiene before and during the substance abuse treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 26 regular users of psychoactive substance. All the respondents used different types of psychoactive substances for at least two years and were treated for three months. The examination was divided into two parts. The first included completing the questionnaires that contained questions related to maintaining oral hygiene while using psychoactive substances and during the substance abuse treatment (the moment of interviewing). The second included the clinical examination of the respondents during the therapy. RESULTS: Taking into account all information collected from the questionnaires, respondents used heroin statistically significantly more than all the other substances (p < 0.001), while snorting was the most common way of consuming; this was statistically significantly more common than all the other ways, separately (p < 0.001). During therapy, a significantly greater number of the addicts used some aids for maintaining oral hygiene and the percentage of those users rose from 19.23% to 61.54% (p < 0.01). The clinical examination confirmed that the majority of the respondents had gingivitis, 23 (88.46%). CONCLUSION: In the users of psychoactive substances, gingiva and other periodontal tissues suffer the worst damage, but when the healing process starts, the awareness about the importance of maintaining oral hygiene improves.

Prevalence of Oral Lesions in the Elderly.

OBJECTIVE: Geriatric dentistry refers to dealing with oral diseases including prevention and treatment in old individuals. The aim of this investigation was to examine the types and frequency of oral lesions in the elderly. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study involved 75 elderly persons. The clinical diagnosis was established by correlating the aetiological factor associated with the lesion and by systematic examination of the oral mucosa and classifying those alterations according to the epidemiological guidelines for the diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases. During the clinical examination, the following elements were analysed: features of the lesion, anatomical location, extension, aetiological factors or related factors, dental status, alcohol, tobacco, trauma, use of prosthesis and if such were well adapted. RESULTS: Sixty lesions were diagnosed in 75 patients. These were classified according to clinical, histopathological and microbiological diagnosis and were distributed into 15 different clinical entities. The more prevalent pathologies were inflammatory, reactive and associated with long-term use of prostheses or ill-adapted prostheses, since 67% of the patients with lesions were using prostheses. Of the lesions related to prosthesis use, denture stomatitis was the most common one, representing 20 cases (33.3%). The second most frequent lesion was erythematous candidiasis (10%). The other most frequent lesions in this study were lingua plicata, xerostomia and pseudomembranous candidiasis. CONCLUSION: Oral and perioral tissues undergo different functional and structural changes with ageing. The role of the dentist and stomatologist includes the management of systemic, nutritional and pharmacological oral manifestations in order to establish an early diagnosis and subsequent accurate treatment.

Stem cells for periodontal regeneration.

Periodontal regeneration is considered to be biologically possible but clinically unpredictable. In periodontitis, inflammation manifests clinically as loss of supporting periodontal tissues and regeneration of damaged tissue is the main goal of treatment. For decades, periodontists have sought to repair the damage through a variety of surgical procedures, and use of grafting materials and growth factors, and of barrier membranes. Reports have emerged that demonstrate which populations of adult stem cells reside in the periodontal ligaments of humans and other animals. This opens the way for new cell-based therapies for periodontal regeneration. This review provides an overview of adult human stem cells and their potential use in periodontal regeneration.

Oral piercing and its complications in two Serbian youths a case report and review of the literature / El piercing oral y sus complicaciones en dos jóvenes de Serbia reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

OBJECTIVE: Historically, wearing adornments on pierced body parts has been associated with many cultures as manifestations of religious or cultural identities. Currently, its use has a broad acceptance among young people. In the oral cavity, the most common sites for piercings are the tongue and lower lip. RESULTS: Pain, swelling and infection are the most serious consequences associated with this procedure. Several complications may be associated with this practice with the most frequently observed being halitosis, periodontitis, tooth fracture, glossitis, and the formation of abscesses. Other adverse outcomes include mucosal or gingival trauma, increased salivary flow, and interference with speech, mastication and swallowing. CONCLUSION: This article presents case reports on lip and tongue piercings and literature review highlights of this procedure. Special attention is given to complications and dental implications associated with such a practice.

OBJETIVO: Históricamente, el llevar adornos en partes del cuerpo perforadas ha sido asociado en muchas culturas como manifestaciones de identidades religiosas o culturales. Actualmente, su uso tiene amplia aceptación entre los jóvenes. En la cavidad oral, los sitios más comunes para el piercing son la lengua y el labio inferior. RESULTADOS: Dolor, inflamación e infección son las consecuencias más serias asociadas con este procedimiento. Varias complicaciones pueden asociarse con esta práctica, siendo la halitosis, la periodontitis, la fractura de dientes, la glositis, y la formación de abscesos, las más frecuentemente observadas. Otros resultados adversos incluyen traumas de la mucosa y la encía, aumento del flujo salival, e interferencia con la articulación del habla, la masticación, y la deglución. CONCLUSIÓN: Este artículo presenta reportes de caso de piercing del labio y la lengua, y resalta aspectos de este procedimiento como parte de una revisión de la literatura. Se presta especial atención a las complicaciones y las implicaciones dentales asociadas con tal práctica.

Oral piercing and its complications in two Serbian youths: a case report and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: Historically, wearing adornments on pierced body parts has been associated with many cultures as manifestations of religious or cultural identities. Currently, its use has a broad acceptance among young people. In the oral cavity, the most common sites for piercings are the tongue and lower lip. RESULTS: Pain, swelling and infection are the most serious consequences associated with this procedure. Several complications may be associated with this practice with the most frequently observed being halitosis, periodontitis, tooth fracture, glossitis, and the formation of abscesses. Other adverse outcomes include mucosal or gingival trauma, increased salivary flow, and interference with speech, mastication and swallowing. CONCLUSION: This article presents case reports on lip and tongue piercings and literature review highlights of this procedure. Special attention is given to complications and dental implications associated with such a practice.

C-reactive protein as a systemic marker of inflammation in periodontitis.

Periodontitis has been identified as a potential risk factor for systemic pathologies such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aims of this investigation were to assess the relationship between periodontitis and systemic inflammatory factor, as well as to discover whether there is a relation to the severity of periodontitis and to the periodontopathogens. Periodontal examinations and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level measurements were performed in 50 patients with periodontitis. Periodontal health indicators included the gingival bleeding on probing index and periodontal disease status. The patients with moderate periodontitis had low attachment loss and pocket depth <4 mm. The patients with severe periodontitis had high attachment loss and pocket depth >5 mm. The control group comprised 25 volunteers with healthy gingiva, gingival sulcus <2 mm and no attachment loss. The presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque samples was analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The periodontal parameters and CRP levels were significantly higher in the patients with periodontitis. Patients who had severe periodontitis, with high levels of mean clinical attachment loss, and subjects with moderate periodontitis had higher mean CRP levels. The percentage of subjects with elevated levels of CRP >5 mg/l was greater in the higher clinical attachment loss group compared to the group with lower attachment loss. The presence of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were also associated with elevated CRP levels and poor periodontal status. Periodontitis and the presence of P. gingivalis are associated with an enhanced inflammatory response expressed by higher CRP levels. The association of periodontitis with CRP levels appears to be a contributing factor for CVD and might be a possible intermediate pathway in this association.