ABSTRACT
Background: Embryo quality may affect birth weight among neonates born through assisted reproductive technology. There are very limited studies assessing the adverse effect of transferring a poor-quality embryo with a good-quality one on neonatal outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of double embryo transfer (DET) with one good-quality embryo (GQE) plus a poor-quality one on the birth weight of newborns conceived by in vitro fertilization in both fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Yazd, Iran. A total of 626 women were classified into three groups according to the embryo quality: single embryo transfer with a GQE (group A); DET using two GQEs (group B); and DET using one good-quality and one poor-quality embryo (group C). The primary outcome was singleton birth weight which was compared between the three groups among fresh and frozen-embryo transfer cycles. A comparative analysis was also performed regarding the effect of vitrification procedures on neonatal birth weight within each of the three embryo quality-based groups. Results: The mean birth weight and the rate of preterm birth were similar between the three groups (p = 0.45 and 0.32, respectively). There were also no significant differences found in the vitrification comparative analysis between and within the groups with regard to birth weight. Conclusion: Our results showed that a poor-quality embryo did not have a significant influence on a good-quality one regarding neonatal birth weight when transferred together.
ABSTRACT
AIM: Murine double minute clone 2 (MDM2) is an important regulator of p53 tumor suppressor protein. Because increased MDM2 expression has been observed in different tumors, its polymorphisms are proposed to be associated with accelerated tumor formation. The aim of this study was to examine the association between T309G (rs2279744) and 40-bp Insertion/deletion (rs3730485) polymorphisms of the MDM2 gene and risk of uterine leiomyoma (UL). METHODS: We analyzed the MDM2 gene polymorphisms of 154 UL patients and 197 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. RESULTS: The frequency of MDM2â T309G polymorphism genotypes was not different between UL women and controls. Although there was an association between MDM2 40-bp del/del genotype and UL before and after adjustment for age, the association between Insertion/deletion (Indel) genotype and UL was significant after adjustment for age. CONCLUSION: MDM2â T309G polymorphism was not associated with UL and MDM2 40-bp Indel polymorphism could be an age-related risk factor for UL.
