Tiña por Nannizzia nana: caso clínico y revisión bibliográfica / Ringworm by Nannizzia nana: Clinical case and literature review

Introducción Las dermatofitosis humanas son el grupo más extendido de infecciones causadas por hongos. Estos son capaces de invadir los tejidos que contienen queratina de los animales. Nannizzia nana (N. nana) puede causar tiña en cerdos y que de manera excepcional puede producir infecciones en humanos. Métodos Realizamos una búsqueda en PubMed de artículos publicados desde el 1 de enero de 1990 hasta el 31 de marzo del 2022 para identificar casos adicionales. Los términos de búsqueda empleados fueron «Microsporum nanum» y «Nannizzia nana». Resultados Tras la revisión bibliográfica identificamos un total 16 casos de dermatofitosis por N. nana desde 1990. En la mayoría de los pacientes, el diagnóstico clínico fue tinea corporis y los antifúngicos más utilizados fueron terbinafina y griseofulvina. Conclusión N. nana es una especie de dermatofito aislada infrecuentemente en humanos, pero que representa una fuente potencial de dermatofitosis en personas que entran en contacto directo o indirecto con animales y con el suelo (AU)

Introduction Human dermatophytoses are the most widespread infections caused by fungi. These are capable of invading the keratin-containing tissues of animals. Nannizzia nana (N. nana) can cause ringworm in pigs and rarely cause infections in humans. Methods We conducted a search using PubMed for articles published from January 1, 1990 to March 31, 2022 to identify additional cases. The search terms used were “Microsporum nanum” and “Nannizzia nana”. Results After reviewing the literature, we identified a total of 16 cases of dermatophytosis due to N. nana since 1990. In most of the patients, the clinical diagnosis was tinea corporis and the most widely used antifungals were: terbinafine and griseofulvin. Conclusion N. nana is a dermatophyte species isolated infrequently in humans, but it represents a potential source of dermatophytosis in people who come into direct or indirect contact with animals and soil (AU)

Ocular thelaziosis: an emerging human parasitosis in Europe.

Ocular thelaziosis is a parasitosis distributed mainly in East Asia, but increasingly described in Europe in different domestic and wild animals, including dogs, different wild canids and lagomorphs, and exceptionally in humans. In Spain, in some areas, a high infection prevalence rate has been described in domestic canids, which may lead to an increase in human cases. However, the description of human cases is still exceptional, which suggests that they are probably underdiagnosed. A case of ocular thelaziosis in a 2-year-old girl from an urban environment is described.

Ringworm by Nannizzia nana: Clinical case and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Human dermatophytoses are the most widespread infections caused by fungi. These are capable of invading the keratin-containing tissues of animals. Nannizzia nana (N. nana) can cause ringworm in pigs and rarely cause infections in humans. METHODS: We conducted a search using PUBMED for articles published from January 1, 1990 to March 31, 2022 to identify additional cases. The search terms used were "Microsporum nanum" and "Nannizzia nana". RESULTS: After reviewing the literature, we identified a total of 16 cases of dermatophytosis due to N. nana since 1990. In most of the patients, the clinical diagnosis was tinea corporis and the most widely used antifungals were: terbinafine and griseofulvin. CONCLUSION: N. nana is a dermatophyte species isolated infrequently in humans, but it represents a potential source of dermatophytosis in people who come into direct or indirect contact with animals and soil.

Real-life experience of hepatitis C treatment in a Spanish prison / Tratamiento de la hepatitis C en un centro penitenciario Español

Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a majorpublic health problem that causes multiple comorbidities. People in prisons who inject intravenous drugs are at increasedrisk of HCV infection, and HCV infection is 15-fold more prevalent among prisoners compared with the community. Theobjective of this study was to analyse the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of residents of a Spanish prison withHCV infection who received antiviral treatment.Material and methods. An observational, descriptiveand retrospective study was performed. All patients with HCVinfection diagnosed or followed up in an Infectious Diseasesattached to a penitentiary were included in this study.Results. Of 81 patients analysed, sixty-nine (83.1%) patients were male. The mean age was 50.1 (SD8.8) years, and 70%of the inmates had a history of injection drug use. Coinfectionwith HIV was detected in 30%. In up to 25% of the sample, therewere data on chronic liver disease in the degree of liver cirrhosis. The diagnosis of HCV infection had been made more than15 years earlier in 28% of those studied. Decompensations fromliver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, or hospital admissionswere exceptional. Most of the inmates with HCV accepted treatment, and approximately 94% of the patients who completedtreatment achieved a sustained virological response without interactions or complications of interest.Conclusions. The availability of direct-acting antiviralsand their exceptional side effects constitute an opportunity toreduce the burden of HCV infection in Spain, particularly inthese high-risk populations. (AU)

Introducción. La infección por el virus de la hepatitis C(VHC) es un importante problema de salud pública con unagran morbimortalidad. El consumo de drogas inyectables es laprincipal vía de transmisión, siendo la infección por VHC 15veces más prevalente en las cárceles españolas respecto a lacomunidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las características clínico-epidemiológicas de los residentes de un centro penitenciario con VHC que recibieron tratamiento.Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivoy retrospectivo. Se incluyeron en este estudio todos los pacientes con infección por VHC diagnosticados o seguidos enuna Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas adscrito a un centropenitenciario.Resultados. De 81 pacientes analizados, sesenta y nueve(83,1%) pacientes eran varones. La edad media fue de 50,1 (DE8,8) años y el 70% de los internos tenía antecedentes de consumo de drogas inyectables. Se detectó coinfección por VIH en30%. En un 25% presentaban enfermedad hepática en gradode cirrosis. En el 28% de los internos el diagnóstico de VHC sehabía realizado hacia más de 15 años. Las descompensacionespor enfermedad hepática, carcinoma hepatocelular o ingresohospitalario fueron excepcionales. El 94% de los pacientes quecompletaron el tratamiento lograron una respuesta virológicasostenida sin interacciones ni complicaciones de interés.Conclusiones. La disponibilidad de antivirales de accióndirecta y sus excepcionales efectos secundarios constituyenuna oportunidad para reducir la carga de infección por VHCen España, especialmente en estas poblaciones de alto riesgo (AU)

Influence of the drugs used in migrant patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the development of symptomatic strongyloidiasis.

BACKGROUND: The use of dexamethasone in patients infected with Strongyloides stercoralis can cause severe complications. It is necessary to investigate the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and strongyloidiasis infection. METHODS: A retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive study was undertaken to review all patients admitted with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection at the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Spain, during 1 March-31 December 2020. RESULTS: A total of 2567 patients received a diagnosis of COVID-19. Eighty-six patients from endemic areas were included. Seven patients had strongyloidiasis. Five patients were female. The mean age (±SD) was 39 (±10.8) y. Six patients were Latin-American and only one patient was from Africa. Six patients had previous symptoms compatible with strongyloidiasis infections. Only three patients received dexamethasone (6 mg once daily) for 10 d. In all cases, the clinical courses of the patients were satisfactory. No patient died or was admitted to the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: Screening programmes using serological techniques should be implemented in COVID-19 patients to prevent strongyloidiasis. Our study suggested that drugs used against COVID-19 in patients with strongyloidiasis did not affect the evolution of the disease. However, more studies are necessary to elucidate the role of dexamethasone in COVID-19 patients infected with Strongyloides.