ABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to rapidly screen indigenous yeasts with high levels of ß-glucosidase activity and assess the potential of glycosidase extracts for aroma enhancement in winemaking. A semiquantitative colorimetric assay was applied using 96-well plates to screen yeasts from 3 different regions of China. Isolates with high ß-glucosidase activity were confirmed by the commonly used pNP assay. Among 493 non-Saccharomyces isolates belonging to 8 generas, 3 isolates were selected for their high levels of ß-glucosidase activity and were identified as Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia membranifaciens, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa by sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain. ß-Glucosidase in the glycosidase extract from H. uvarum strain showed the highest activity in winemaking conditions among the selected isolates. For aroma enhancement in winemaking, the glycosidase extract from H. uvarum strain exhibited catalytic specificity for aromatic glycosides of C13 -norisoprenoids and some terpenes, enhancing fresh floral, sweet, berry, and nutty aroma characteristics in wine.
Subject(s)
Fermentation , Hanseniaspora/enzymology , Odorants/analysis , Pichia/enzymology , Rhodotorula/enzymology , Wine/analysis , beta-Glucosidase/metabolism , China , Glycoside Hydrolases/metabolism , Glycosides/analysis , Humans , Norisoprenoids/analysis , Saccharomyces/metabolism , Terpenes/analysis , Yeasts/classification , Yeasts/enzymologyABSTRACT
The influence of a prefermentative freezing process on changes of aromatic characteristics and volatile compounds in Meili wines was studied to optimize freezing parameters and reveal the mathematical relationship between aromatic characteristics and volatile compounds. The wines obtained were characterized by sensory evaluation and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) followed by a thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 28 aromatic descriptors from 6 categories of wine aroma terminology were identified by judging with high "modified frequency (MF%)". In addition, 19 varietal aroma compounds and 36 fermentation aroma compounds were quantitated, followed by the determination of odor activity values (OAVs). On the basis of the data obtained, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to find the relationship between characteristic aroma terms and different freezing conditions, and then partial least-squares regression (PLSR) was proposed to establish the mathematical relationship between the resulting terms and impact odorants. Natural thawing treatment on frozen must resulted in higher aroma quality with higher extraction of varietal aroma compounds. Lower frozen maceration temperature contributed to higher esters and organic acids. Impact aroma compounds were related to models for floral, sweet fruit, temperate fruit, and vegetal, whereas the model of rose and strawberry contained only varietal volatile compounds, and temperate fruit could be regressed by impact fermentation aroma compounds.
