Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: Similarities and Differences in Metabolism and Microbiome.

Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are common chronic inflammatory diseases of high incidence that share some clinical features, including symptoms of pruritus and pain, scaly lesions, and histologically, acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. Meanwhile, they are both commonly comorbid with metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, indicating that both diseases may exist with significant metabolic disturbances. Metabolomics reveals that both atopic dermatitis and psoriasis have abnormalities in a variety of metabolites, including lipids, amino acids, and glucose. Meanwhile, recent studies have highlighted the importance of the microbiome and its metabolites in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Metabolic alterations and microbiome dysbiosis can also affect the immune, inflammatory, and epidermal barrier, thereby influencing the development of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Focusing on the metabolic and microbiome levels, this review is devoted to elaborating the similarities and differences between atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, thus providing insights into the intricate relationship between both conditions.

LncRNA MALAT1 facilitates BM-MSCs differentiation into endothelial cells and ameliorates erectile dysfunction via the miR-206/CDC42/PAK1/paxillin signalling axis.

BACKGROUND: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual dysfunction, with an increasing incidence, and the current treatment is often ineffective. METHODS: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) was used to treat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and their cell migration rates were determined by Transwell assays. The expression of the von Willebrand Factor (vWF)VE-cadherin, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) endothelial markers was determined by qRT‒PCR and Western blot analyses. The MALAT1-induced differentiation of BM-MCs to ECs via the CDC42/PAK1/paxillin pathway was explored by transfecting VEGFA-induced BM-MSC with si-MALAT1 and overexpressing CDC42 and PAK1. The binding capacity between CDC42, PAK1, and paxillin in VEGFA-treated and non-VEGFA-treated BM-MSCs was examined by protein immunoprecipitation. MiR-206 was overexpressed in VEGFA-induced BM-MSC, and the binding sites of MALAT1, miR-206, and CDC42 were identified using a luciferase assay. Sixty male Sprague‒Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 10/group). DMED modelling was demonstrated by APO experiments and was assessed by measuring blood glucose levels. Erectile function was assessed by measuring the intracavernosa pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Penile erectile tissue was analysed by qRT‒PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: MALAT1 under VEGFA treatment conditions regulates the differentiation of BM-MSCs into ECs by modulating the CDC42/PAK1/paxillin axis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that interference with CDC42 and MALAT1 expression inhibited the differentiation of BM-MSCs to ECs. CDC42 binds to PAK1, and PAK1 binds to paxillin. In addition, CDC42 in the VEGFA group had a greater ability to bind to PAK1, whereas PAK1 in the VEGFA group had a greater ability to bind to paxillin. Overexpression of miR-206 in VEGFA-induced BM-MSCs demonstrated that MALAT1 competes with the CDC42 3'-UTR for binding to miR-206, which in turn is involved in the differentiation of BM-MSCs to ECs. Compared to the DMED model group, the ICP/MAP ratio was significantly greater in the three BM-MSCs treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: MALAT1 facilitates BM-MSC differentiation into ECs by regulating the miR-206/CDC42/PAK1/paxillin axis to improve ED. The present findings revealed the vital role of MALAT1 in the repair of BM-MSCs for erectile function and provided new mechanistic insights into the BM-MSC-mediated repair of DMED.

Identification of PATL1 as a prognostic and immunotherapeutic predictive factor for nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

This research examines the function of protein associated with topoisomerase II homolog 1 (PATL1) in nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We analyzed bulk RNA-seq data from NKTCL, nasal polyps, and normal nasal mucosa, identifying 439 differentially expressed genes. Machine learning algorithms highlighted PATL1 as a hub gene. PATL1 exhibited significant upregulation in NKTCL and HNSCC tumor samples in comparison to normal tissues, showing high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 1.000) for NKTCL. Further analysis of local hospital data identified PATL1 as an independent prognostic risk factor for NKTCL. Data analysis of TCGA and GEO datasets revealed that high PATL1 expression correlated with poorer prognosis in HNSCC patients (p < 0.05). We also constructed a PATL1-based nomogram, which emerged as an independent prognostic predictor for HNSCC after addressing missing values. Additionally, we found a strong correlation between PATL1 and various immune cell infiltrates (e.g., activated.CD4 T cell), and a significant association with the expression of 37 immune checkpoints genes (e.g., CTLA4, PDCD1) and 20 N6-methyladenosine-related genes (e.g., ZC3H13, METTL3) (all p < 0.05). Both TCIA and TIDE algorithms suggested that PATL1 could potentially predict immunotherapy efficacy (p < 0.05). Cellular experiments demonstrated that transfection with a silencing plasmid of PATL1 significantly inhibited the malignant behaviors of SNK6 and FaDu cell lines(p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that PATL1 may serve as a valuable prognostic and predictive biomarker in NKTCL and HNSCC, highlighting its significant role in these cancers.

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolites for Cancer: Friend or Enemy.

The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is capable of providing sufficient energy for the physiological activities under aerobic conditions. Although tumor metabolic reprogramming places aerobic glycolysis in a dominant position, the TCA cycle remains indispensable for tumor cells as a hub for the metabolic linkage and interconversion of glucose, lipids, and certain amino acids. TCA intermediates such as citrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, and fumarate are altered in tumors, and they regulate the tumor metabolism, signal transduction, and immune environment to affect tumorigenesis and tumor progression. This article provides a comprehensive review of the modifications occurring in tumor cells in relation to the intermediates of the TCA cycle, which affects tumor pathogenesis and current therapeutic strategy for therapy through targeting TCA cycle in cancer cells.

Dependence of a Hydrogen Buffer Layer on the Properties of Top-Gate IGZO TFT.

In this paper, the effect of a buffer layer created using different hydrogen-containing ratios of reactive gas on the electrical properties of a top-gate In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistor was thoroughly investigated. The interface roughness between the buffer layer and active layer was characterized using atomic force microscopy and X-ray reflection. The results obtained using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that the hydrogen content of the buffer layer increases with the increase in the hydrogen content of the reaction gas. With the increase in the hydrogen-containing materials in the reactive gas, field effect mobility and negative bias illumination stress stability improve nearly twofold. The reasons for these results are explained using technical computer-aided design simulations.

Comparative effectiveness of cortical bone trajectory screws and pedicle screws in the treatment of adjacent segment degeneration after lumbar fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw and pedicle screw (PS) internal fixation in the treatment of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after lumbar fusion. METHODS: This study was registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (ID: CRD42023484937). We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Database, and Wei Pu Database by computer to collect controlled clinical studies on the efficacy and safety of cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw and pedicle screw (PS) internal fixation in the treatment of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after lumbar fusion from database establishment to November 2023. Two researchers screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies, recorded the authors, and sample size, and extracted the intraoperative blood loss, operation time, Oswestry disability index (ODI), Visual analogue scale (VAS), disc height (DH), hospital length stay and complications in each study. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4 software provided by Cochrane Library. RESULTS: A total of 6 cohort studies (CS) and 1 randomized controlled study with a total of 420 patients were included in this study, including 188 patients in the CBT group and 232 patients in the PS group. The CBT group had lower intraoperative blood loss than the PS group [mean difference (MD) = -129.38, 95% CI (-177.22, -81.55), P < 0.00001] and operation time was shorter than that of the PS group [MD = -1.42, 95% CI (-2.63, -0.20), P = 0.02]. Early postoperative back and leg pain improved more significantly in the CBT group [MD = -0.77, 95% CI (-1.35, -0.19), P = 0.01; MD = -0.24, 95% CI (-0.37, -0.10), P = 0.0005]. CONCLUSION: Compared with PS, CBT for adjacent segment degeneration after lumbar fusion has the advantages of less intraoperative blood loss, shorter operation time, and less back and leg pain in the early postoperative period.

Clinical efficacy of Zhiyang Xiaozhen granules combined with second-generation antihistamine in the treatment of chronic urticaria. / 止痒消疹颗粒联合第2ä»£æŠ—ç»„èƒºè¯æ²»ç–—æ ¢æ€§è¨éº»ç–¹çš„ä¸´åºŠç–—æ•ˆ.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic urticaria presents a chronic process of recurrent attacks, and its first-line treatment is second-generation antihistamine with limited treatment options. The efficacy of antihistamine varies among individuals and cannot meet the needs of all patients. This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhiyang Xiaozhen granules combined with antihistamine in the treatment of chronic urticaria patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with chronic urticaria who visited the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from April 2020 to March 2021. The patients who received conventional second-generation antihistamine treatment were selected as a control group, while the patients who received combined treatment with Zhiyang Xiaozhen granules on the basis of conventional second-generation antihistamine treatment were selected as an observation group. The differences in the Weekly Urticaria Activity Score (UAS7) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) between the 2 groups before and 4 weeks after treatment were compared. The Symptom Score Reduce Index (SSRI) was used to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the 2 treatment regimens. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of treatment, the UAS7 levels in both groups were significantly reduced (P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The effective rates of the control group and the observation group were 61.11% and 59.38%, respectively when converting UAS7 to SSRI for efficacy evaluation, and there was no statistically significant difference in efficacy between the 2 groups (P>0.05); however, when converting DLQI to SSRI for efficacy evaluation, the effective rates of the control group and the observation group were 33.33% and 46.88%, respectively, and the difference in efficacy between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P<0.001). There were 3 patients with adverse drug reactions related to drowsiness in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of Zhiyang Xiaozhen granules and second-generation antihistamine can effectively improve disease activity in patients with chronic urticaria, and the improvement in quality of life is better than that with the second-generation antihistamine alone.

Association between lactate dehydrogenase and the risk of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: The study enrolled patients with diagnosis of T2D between 2009 and 2018 from the National Nutrition and Health Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Demographic information, laboratory test, and diagnostic data were collected. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots were used to assess the dose-effect relationship between LDH levels and the risk of DKD in patients with T2D. Based on LDH levels, individuals were divided into higher and lower groups using dichotomy, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between different LDH levels and the risk of DKD in T2D patients. Stratified analysis was performed to assess the consistency of the result. Results: A total of 4888 patients were included in the study, with 2976 (60.9%) patients without DKD and 1912 (39.1%) patients with DKD. RCS plots showed that the risk of DKD increased with increasing LDH levels. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that T2D patients with higher LDH levels had a 45% increased risk of DKD compared to those with lower LDH levels (OR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.11-1.89). Furthermore, each standard deviation increase in LDH level was associated with a 24% increase in DKD incidence among T2D patients (OR=1.24; 95% CI: 1.07-1.44). Stratified analysis consistently supported these findings. Conclusions: LDH can serve as a valuable biomarker for screening DKD in patients with T2D.

Identification of pyruvic and maleic acid as potential markers for disease activity and prognosis in chronic urticaria.

BACKGROUND: Population-based studies have highlighted the link between chronic urticaria (CU) and metabolic syndrome, and metabolic alterations have been revealed in CU. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive metabolomics study on a large cohort of patients with CU has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: We sought to explore the underlying metabolic subtypes and novel metabolite biomarkers for CU diagnosis and therapy. METHODS: Plasma samples from 80 patients with CU and 82 healthy controls were collected for metabolomics quantification and bioinformatics analysis. Another independent cohort consisting of 144 patients with CU was studied to validate the findings. Bone marrow-derived mast cells and mice with IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. RESULTS: We observed clear metabolome differences between CU patients and healthy controls. Meanwhile, differential metabolites N6-acetyl-l-lysine, l-aspartate, maleic acid, and pyruvic acid were used to construct random forest classifiers and achieved area under receiver operating characteristic curve values greater than 0.85, suggesting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers of CU. More importantly, by exploring the underlying metabolic subtypes of CU, we found that the low abundance of pyruvic acid and maleic acid was significantly related to the activity of CU, poor efficacy of second-generation H1 antihistamines, and short relapse-free time. The results were validated in the independent cohort. Moreover, supplementation with pyruvate or maleate could significantly attenuate IgE-mediated mast cell activation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma pyruvic acid and maleic acid may be effective biomarkers for predicting disease activity, therapeutic efficacy, and prognosis for patients with CU.

Total sleep deprivation alters spontaneous brain activity in medical staff during routine clinical work: a resting-state functional MR imaging study.

Objectives: To assess the effect of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on spontaneous brain activity in medical staff during routine clinical practice. Methods: A total of 36 medical staff members underwent resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans and neuropsychological tests twice, corresponding to rested wakefulness (RW) after normal sleep and 24 h of acute TSD. The rs-fMRI features, including the mean fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (mfALFF), z-score transformed regional homogeneity (zReHo), and functional connectivity (zFC), were compared between RW and TSD. Correlation coefficients between the change in altered rs-fMRI features and the change in altered scores of neuropsychological tests after TSD were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of significantly altered rs-fMRI features in distinguishing between RW and TSD states. Results: Brain regions, including right superior temporal gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyrus, left medial superior frontal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and left precuneus, showed significantly enhanced rs-fMRI features (mfALFF, zReHo, zFC) after TSD. Moreover, the changes in altered rs-fMRI features of the right superior temporal gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and left precuneus were significantly correlated with the changes in several altered scores of neuropsychological tests. The combination of mfALFF (bilateral postcentral gyrus) and zFC (left medial superior frontal gyrus and left precuneus) showed the highest area under the curve (0.870) in distinguishing RW from TSD. Conclusion: Spontaneous brain activity alterations occurred after TSD in routine clinical practice, which might explain the reduced performances of these participants in neurocognitive tests after TSD. These alterations might be potential imaging biomarkers for assessing the impact of TSD and distinguishing between RW and TSD states.

Direct and indirect effects of father-child attachment on academic burnout in college students.

The study aims to investigate the multiple mediating roles of core self-evaluation and sense of school belonging in the relationship between father-child attachment and academic burnout in college students. A sample of 418 college students completed the father-child attachment scale, the scale of sense of school belonging, core self-evaluation scale, and academic burnout scale. After controlling for variables such as mother-child attachment, gender, age, and grade, the results showed: (1) father-child attachment was significantly and negatively correlated with academic burnout, and positively correlated with core self-evaluation and sense of school belonging; both core self-evaluation and sense of school belonging were significantly and negatively correlated with academic burnout. (2) The multiple mediating model of father-child attachment influencing academic burnout in college students was established. Both core self-evaluation and sense of school belonging played a partial mediating role between father-child attachment and academic burnout. The direct effect of father-child attachment on academic burnout accounts for 33.3% of the total effect. The indirect effects of core self-evaluation and sense of school belonging between father-child attachment and academic burnout account for 50.0 and 16.7% of the total effect, respectively. These findings identify the internal mechanisms through which father-child attachment affects academic burnout in college students from personal traits and interpersonal perspectives.

Mefloquine enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy via IFN-γ-STAT1-IRF1-LPCAT3-induced ferroptosis in tumors.

BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis plays an important role in enhancing the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy; however, the molecular mechanisms by which tumor ferroptosis sensitizes melanoma and lung cancer to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy have not been elucidated. METHODS: Cytotoxicity assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometry and animal experiments were used to evaluate the effects of mefloquine (Mef) on survival and ferroptosis in melanoma and lung cancer. RNA sequencing, Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and flow cytometry were used to determine the molecular mechanisms by which Mef regulates lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3). The relationship between LPCAT3 and the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was verified via a clinical database and single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-Seq). RESULTS: In this study, we discovered that Mef induces ferroptosis. Furthermore, treatment with Mef in combination with T-cell-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enhanced tumor ferroptosis and sensitized melanoma and lung cancer cells to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Mechanistically, Mef upregulated the expression of LPCAT3, a key gene involved in lipid peroxidation, by activating IFN-γ-induced STAT1-IRF1 signaling, and knocking down LPCAT3 impaired the induction of ferroptosis by Mef+IFN-γ. Clinically, analysis of the transcriptome and single-cell sequencing results in patients with melanoma showed that LPCAT3 expression was significantly lower in patients with melanoma than in control individuals, and LPCAT3 expression was positively correlated with the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our study demonstrated a novel mechanism by which LPCAT3 is regulated, and demonstrated that Mef is a highly promising new target that can be utilized to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Shedding light on dermographism: a narrative review.

Dermographism is a common subtype of chronic urticaria. It generally manifests as a linear wheal after scratching or friction, with or without angioedema. The pathophysiology is not clear, but currently, we believe that the stimulation of the skin by mechanical stress leads to the activation of mast cells, which provoke the release of histamine and pro-inflammatory mediators, ultimately forming wheal along the stressed area. The gold standard for diagnosis is a medical history and provocation test or dermatographic test. As one of the subtypes of chronic urticaria, the Urticaria Control Test (UCT), Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life questionnaire (CU-Q2oL), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) are also effective tools for evaluating disease control in dermographism patients. In addition to avoiding triggers, nonsedating H1 antihistamines are the first-line medications recommended by EAACI and other guidelines; for those who do not respond to standard doses, the recommended dosage can be increased up to 4 times. When necessary, the off-label use of omalizumab can be considered, and some drugs with potential therapeutic effects are still being explored. However, there is still a lack of biomarkers for predicting disease severity, efficacy, and prognosis. Here, we review what we know about dermographism and some points that need exploration in the future.

Mulch film to plastic debris: A survey of agricultural soils of Hebei Province, North China.

A significant amount of residual plastic film fragments (RPFF) accumulate in soil because of the widespread use and insufficient recycling of mulch films, substantially contaminating the ecosystem with plastic waste. However, information on RPFF abundance in agricultural soils that use long-term plastic film mulch is limited. In this study, 304 soil samples from 11 cities in Hebei Province, China, were used to examine the presence of RPFF in agricultural soils. We discovered that the main recycling techniques used in Hebei Province were manual picking (48.00%) and manual-mechanical recycling (31.90%), with the majority of recovered mulch (63.15%) disposed as waste. Residual plastic film fragment concentrations ranged from 0.48 to 155.33 kg/ha, with an average of 25.23 kg/ha. The north-central portion of Hebei Province has a more severe residual film pollution problem than the other regions. Notable variations in RPFF amounts were observed among plots planted with different crops and with years of mulching, peaking at 29.50 kg/ha after 5-10 years of mulching. Consequently, to reduce the amount of plastic waste that continues to accumulate in soils owing to agricultural needs, the management of plastic mulch, including its use, recycling, and disposal must be improved.

Pancoronary plaque characteristics in STEMI patients with rapid plaque progression: An optical coherence tomography study.

BACKGROUND: Non-culprit plaque progression is associated with recurrent cardiac ischemic events and worse clinical outcomes. Given that atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, the pancoronary characteristics of patients with rapid plaque progression are unknown. This study aims to identify pancoronary plaque features in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with and without rapid plaque progression, focused on the patient level. METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2017 to July 2019, 291 patients underwent 3-vessel optical coherence tomography imaging at the time of the primary procedure and a follow-up angiography interval of 12 months. The final analysis included 237 patients. Overall, 308 non-culprit lesions were found in 78 STEMI patients with rapid plaque progression, and 465 non-culprit plaques were found in 159 STEMI patients without rapid plaque progression. These patients had a higher pancoronary vulnerability (CLIMA-defined high-risk plaque: 47.4% vs. 33.3%; non-culprit plaque rupture: 25.6% vs. 14.5%) and a significantly higher prevalence of other vulnerable plaque characteristics (i.e., lipid-rich plaque, cholesterol crystal, microchannels, calcification, spotty calcification, and thrombus) at baseline versus those without rapid plaque progression. Lesions with rapid progression were highly distributed at the LAD, tending to be near the bifurcation. In multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 years was an independent predictor of subsequent rapid lesion progression at the patient level, whereas microchannel, spotty calcification, and cholesterol crystal were independent predictors for STEMI patients ≥65 years old. CONCLUSIONS: STEMI patients with subsequent rapid plaque progression had higher pancoronary vulnerability and commonly presented vulnerable plaque morphology. Aging was the only predictor of subsequent rapid plaque progression.

Association of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines with bone metabolism: a retrospective, cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that lymphocytes and cytokines can mediate bone metabolism. This study explored the clinical association and predictive ability of lymphocytes and cytokines levels for bone metabolism. METHODS: A total of 162 patients were enrolled in this study. The levels of N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), ß-collagen degradation product (ß-CTX), total T lymphocytes, immature T lymphocytes, suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes, helper/inducer T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IFN-α, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL12p70 were evaluated. The relationship between these lymphocyte subsets and cytokines with bone metabolic status was examined and their predictive ability for bone metabolic status was assessed. RESULTS: The principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis results varied on differences in lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in various bone metabolism states. Differential analysis revealed significant differences in the absolute counts of B lymphocytes (P < 0.05), level of IL-12p70 (P < 0.05), and IL-8 (P < 0.001) at different P1NP levels. Significant differences were observed in the absolute counts of total T lymphocytes (P < 0.05), B lymphocytes (P < 0.05), the level of IL-6 (P < 0.05), the percentage of B lymphocytes (P < 0.01), and NK cells (P < 0.05) at different ß-CTX levels. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the absolute count of B lymphocytes and levels of IL-12p70 and IL-8 could be used to evaluate bone formation states, while the absolute counts of T and B lymphocytes, level of IL-6, and percentages of NK cells and B lymphocytes could be used to evaluate bone resorption states. CONCLUSION: The bone metabolism status changed based on the lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels. Differentially expressed lymphocytes and cytokines could be used to distinguish bone metabolism status.

Yogurt Alleviates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis by Activating the Lactate/GPR81 Signaling Axis in Mice.

In addition to colorectal cancer and metabolic syndrome, regular yogurt consumption has shown promise in improving skin inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of yogurt on imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in mice. After oral administration with yogurt (18 or 36 g/kg) and/or its main metabolite lactate (250 or 500 mg/kg) for 3 days, the mice were treated with a topical dose of 62.5 mg of imiquimod (IMQ) cream for seven consecutive days. Data showed that yogurt and lactate treatment significantly reduced the severity of psoriasis-like skin lesions, excessive keratinocyte proliferation, and immune cell infiltration. Mechanistically, we found that the genetic deficiency of the lactate receptor GPR81 aggravated psoriasis-like features in mice. Activation of the lactate/GPR81 axis inhibited the degradation of IκBα, prevented the nuclear translocation of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in macrophages, and thus constrained skin inflammation. Overall, these findings suggest that yogurt consumption effectively protects against experimental psoriasis and targeting the lactate/GPR81 signaling axis could be a promising approach for psoriasis inflammation management.