Exploiting Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations with Boron-Dopant and Nitrogen-Defect Synergy in Carbon Nitride Nanosheets.

Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) possess various benefits as heterogeneous photocatalysts, including tunable bandgaps, scalability, and chemical robustness. However, their efficacy and ongoing advancement are hindered by challenges like limited charge-carrier separation rates, insufficient driving force for photocatalysis, small specific surface area, and inadequate absorption of visible light. In this study, boron dopants and nitrogen defects synergy are introduced into bulk g-C3N4 through the calcination of a blend of nitrogen-defective g-C3N4 and NaBH4 under inert conditions, resulting in the formation of BCN nanosheets characterized by abundant porosity and increased specific surface area. These BCN nanosheets promote intermolecular single electron transfer to the radical initiator, maintaining radical intermediates at a low concentration for better control of photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP). Consequently, this method yields polymers with low dispersity and tailorable molecular weights under mild blue light illumination, outperforming previous reports on bulk g-C3N4. The heterogeneity of BCN enables easy separation and efficient reuse in subsequent polymerization processes. This study effectively showcases a simple method to alter the electronic and band structures of g-C3N4 with simultaneously introducing dopants and defects, leading to high-performance photo-ATRP and providing valuable insights for designing efficient photocatalytic systems for solar energy harvesting.

A genome-wide association study of escitalopram treatment outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychological condition, the consequences of which, such as suicide, can be severe. Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is a commonly used antidepressant in clinics. However, more than one-third of patients with MDD do not respond to this drug. Gene polymorphism may affect the efficacy of escitalopram, but the genetic architecture of the antidepressant response in patients with MDD remains unclear. We perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the genetic effect on the outcome of escitalopram in patients with MDD. A total of 203 patients with MDD and 176 healthy control (HC) adults were recruited from Beijing Anding Hospital. Patients received 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment with escitalopram. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (QIDS-SR) or Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were used to evaluate the severity of depression symptoms at the baseline and the end of 2 and 12 weeks of treatment. A total of 140 variants in MDD patients were identified by GWAS to have genome-wide significance (p < 5e - 8) compared with HCs. Similarly, 189 and 18 variants were identified to be associated with QIDS-SR and HAMD score changes in patients after antidepressant treatment (p < 1e - 5), including rs12602361, rs72799048, rs16842235, and rs2518256. In the two weeks QIDS-SR score study, the gene-level association for these variants and gene set enrichment analyses implicate the enrichment of genes involved in the synaptic plasticity process and nervous system development. Our results implicate the predictive capacity of the effect of escitalopram treatment, supporting a link between genetic basis and remission of depression.

CD73 polymorphisms are associated with schizophrenia.

Ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 enzyme plays a key role in the regulation of extracellular adenosine levels, thereby exerting influence on adenosine homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that perturbations in purines and ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity are associated with an augmented susceptibility to schizophrenia. However, the precise impact of genetic variations in CD73 on individuals with schizophrenia remains poorly understood. Here, our study demonstrated that rs3734442 allele and rs4431401 heterozygote were conferred a significant risk of schizophrenia disease (rs3734442: odds ratio, 0.556; 95% CI, 0.375 to 0.825; p = 0.004; rs4431401: odds ratio, 1.881, 95% CI, 1.117 to 3.166; p = 0.020). Comparing different genders, we observed a significant association between rs3734442 genotypes and male cases (rs3734442: odds ratio, 0.452; 95% CI, 0.257 to 0.796; p = 0.007). Likewise, there was a significant association between rs4431401 genotypes and male patients (rs4431401: odds ratio, 2.570; 95% CI, 1.196 to 5.522; p = 0.015). Based on family history and antipsychotics medication usage, our data reveals that the rs9444348 allele exhibits the most significant association with familial susceptibility to schizophrenia (odds ratio, 1.541; 95% CI, 1.009 to 2.353; p = 0.048 for A vs G). Moreover, individuals carrying variants of rs6922, rs2229523, and rs2065114 while being treated with clozapine demonstrate a higher frequency proportion compared to those receiving risperidone treatment (p = 0.035; p = 0.049; p = 0.027 respectively). Additionally, our results indicate that patients with GG genotype of rs9444348 had significantly higher likelihood of using clozapine instead of sulpiride (p = 0.048). Overall, our data strongly suggest that genetic variations in CD73 are significantly associated with schizophrenia risk and may serve as valuable resources for identifying therapeutic targets.

Evaluation of Early Psychological Interventions in Patients with Intracranial Aneurysm Embolism: A Nursing Business Process Reengineering Perspective.

Objective: This study examines the impact of early psychological intervention for patients undergoing nursing process modification through a business process reengineering (BPR) approach in preventing intracranial aneurysm embolism. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) design was employed in this study. A randomized method was utilized to allocate a total of 201 cases into two distinct groups. 10 patients experiencing delirium and coma due to drug sedation were excluded from the analysis. Consequently, the final distribution included 96 cases in the nursing group and 95 cases in the routine group. Results: In the nursing group, waiting time, nursing staff working hours, and hospital stay were significantly lower compared to the routine group (t = 50.916, 28.893, 4.298, P < .05). No substantial difference in actual running time between the groups was observed (t=0.289, P > .05). Scores for physical pain, psychological well-being, material life status, and social function were notably higher in the nursing group than in the routine group (t=19.109, 20.658, 21.165, 24.014, P < .05). Post-intervention, SAS and SDS scores in the nursing group were significantly lower than those in the routine group (t=21.910, 25.808, P < .05). The complication rate in the nursing group (1.04%) was significantly lower than that in the routine group (8.42%) (χ2=5.791, P < .05). Furthermore, nursing staff job satisfaction (92.71%) was significantly higher than that in the routine group (78.13%) (χ2=7.449, P < .05). Conclusions: The modification of the nursing process demonstrates a positive impact on efficiency and quality of care, ensuring patient safety and meeting patient needs without altering surgical techniques. The findings highlight substantial enhancements and effectiveness of nursing process, providing strong support for the broad implementation of these interventions.

Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses mitotic clonal expansion and adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes through impeding JAK2/STAT3-mediated transcriptional cascades.

BACKGROUND: Mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) is a prerequisite for preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been shown to inhibit preadipocyte differentiation. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are still elusive. PURPOSE: This study investigated whether EGCG could inhibit adipogenesis and lipid accumulation by regulating the cell cycle in the MCE phase of adipogenesis and its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHOD: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate by a differentiation cocktail (DMI) and were treated with EGCG (25-100 µM) for 9, 18, and 24 h to examine the effect on MCE, or eight days to examine the effect on terminal differentiation. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for three months to induce obesity and were given EGCG (50 or 100 mg/kg) daily by gavage. RESULTS: We showed that EGCG significantly inhibited terminal adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and decreased expressions of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FASN. Notably, at the MCE phase, EGCG regulated the cell cycle in sequential order, induced G0/G1 arrest at 18 h, and inhibited the G2/M phase at 24 h upon DMI treatment. Meanwhile, EGCG regulated the expressions of cell cycle regulators (cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin B1, cyclin B2, p16, and p27), and decreased C/EBPß, PPARγ, and C/EBPα expressions at MCE. Mechanistic studies using STAT3 agonist Colivelin and antagonist C188-9 revealed that EGCG-induced cell cycle arrest in the MCE phase and terminal adipocyte differentiation was mediated by the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling cascades and STAT3 (Tyr705) nuclear translocation. Furthermore, EGCG significantly protected mice from HFD-induced obesity, reduced body weight and lipid accumulations in adipose tissues, reduced hyperlipidemia and leptin levels, and improved glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that the cell cycle changes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) were significantly enriched upon EGCG treatment. We further verified that EGCG treatment significantly reduced expressions of adipogenic factors, cell cycle regulators, and p-STAT3 in eWAT. CONCLUSION: EGCG inhibits MCE, resulting in the inhibition of early and terminal adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, which were mediated by inhibiting p-STAT3 nucleus translocation and activation.

An antagonistic variable-stiffness pneumatic flexible joint.

This paper develops an antagonistic variable-stiffness pneumatic flexible joint in which two groups of artificial muscles are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the elastic thin plate. The elastic thin plate restricts the axial movement of the joint. Therefore, the joint can achieve single-dimensional and bidirectional bending by controlling the air pressure value of the pneumatic artificial muscle. Two variable stiffness elastic dampers are also symmetrically installed on both sides of the elastic thin plate, using a positive-pressure driving method to achieve real-time posture maintenance function of the joint based on particle-blockage, wedge structure, and antagonistic effect. The mathematical models for the bending angle and stiffness of flexible joints were established, and relevant experiments were conducted. When the air pressure of the pneumatic artificial muscle is 0.32 MPa, the joint bending angle reaches 62.7°. When the bending angle is 60° and the air pressure of the variable-stiffness elastic damper is 0.5 MPa, the stiffness in the bending direction of the flexible joint with the variable-stiffness elastic damper is 6.9 times that of the flexible joint without the variable-stiffness elastic damper, and the stiffness in the reverse bending direction is 10.3 times that of the flexible joint without the variable-stiffness elastic damper under the same conditions.

Importance of habitat heterogeneity in tidal flats to the conservation of migratory shorebirds.

Understanding species distribution patterns and what determines them is critical for effective conservation planning and management. In the case of shorebirds migrating along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF), the loss of stopover habitat in the Yellow Sea region is thought to be the primary reason for the precipitous population declines. However, the rates of decline vary considerably among species, and it remains unclear how such differences could arise within a group of closely related species using apparently similar habitats at the same locales. We mapped the spatial distributions of foraging shorebirds, as well as biotic (benthic invertebrates consumed by migrating shorebirds) and abiotic (sediment characteristics) environmental factors, at a key stopover site in eastern China. Five of the six sediment characteristics showed significant spatial variation with respect to distance along the shoreline or distance from the seawall in the same tidal flat. The biomasses of four of the six most abundant benthic invertebrates were concentrated in the upper or middle zones of the tidal flat. The distribution patterns of all three focal shorebird species on the tidal flat were best explained jointly by this heterogeneity of sediment characteristics and invertebrate prey. These results suggest that the loss of tidal flats along the Yellow Sea, which is typically concentrated at the upper and middle zones, may not only reduce the overall amount of staging habitat, but also disproportionately affect the most resource-rich portions for the birds. Effective conservation of shorebird staging areas along the EAAF and likely elsewhere must consider the subtle habitat heterogeneity that characterizes these tidal flats, prioritizing the protection of those portions richest in food resources, most frequently used by focal bird species, and most vulnerable to anthropogenic threats. Article impact statement: Heterogeneity of tidal flats with respect to biotic and abiotic factors must be considered in shorebird conservation planning.

Importancia de la heterogeneidad de hábitat en las llanuras intermareales para la conservación de aves playeras migratorias Resumen Entender las pautas de distribución de las especies y los factores que las determinan es fundamental para planificar y gestionar eficazmente su conservación. En el caso de las aves playeras que migran a lo largo de la ruta migratoria Asia Oriental-Australasia (EAAF, en inglés), se cree que la pérdida de puntos de parada en la región del Mar Amarillo es la razón principal de la declinación poblacional precipitada. Sin embargo, las tasas de declinación varían considerablemente entre especies, y sigue sin estar claro cómo pueden surgir tales diferencias dentro de un grupo de especies emparentadas que utilizan hábitats aparentemente similares en los mismos lugares. Mapeamos las distribuciones espaciales de las aves playeras forrajeras, así como los factores ambientales bióticos (invertebrados bénticos consumidos por las aves playeras migratorias) y abióticos (características de los sedimentos), en un punto de parada clave en el este de China. Cinco de las seis características de los sedimentos mostraron una variación espacial significativa con respecto a los cambios lineales en la distancia a lo largo de la costa o la distancia desde el malecón en la misma llanura mareal. La biomasa de cuatro de los seis invertebrados bénticos más abundantes se concentró en las zonas superior o media de la llanura mareal. Esta heterogeneidad de las características de los sedimentos y de las presas invertebradas es la que mejor explica los patrones de distribución de las tres especies de aves playeras en la llanura mareal. Estos resultados sugieren que la pérdida de llanuras mareales a lo largo del Mar Amarillo, que suele concentrarse en las zonas superior y media, puede no sólo reducir la cantidad total de hábitat de parada, sino también afectar de manera desproporcionada a las partes más ricas en recursos para las aves. La conservación eficaz de los puntos de parada de las aves playeras a lo largo del EAAF, y probablemente en otros lugares, debe tener en cuenta la sutil heterogeneidad del hábitat que caracteriza a estas llanuras mareales, priorizando la protección de las partes más ricas en recursos alimenticios, más frecuentemente utilizadas por las especies de aves focales y más vulnerables a las amenazas antropogénicas.

A Pneumatic Particle-Blocking Variable-Stiffness Actuator.

In order to improve the stiffness of flexible robots, this paper proposes a variable-stiffness elastic actuator. The actuator integrates the working principles of a pneumatic drive, wedge structure, and particle blockage. The anti-tensile stiffness of the actuator is nonlinearly negatively correlated with the air pressure because of the structural and material properties. The anti-compressive stiffness and lateral stiffness increase nonlinearly as air pressure increases, being 3 and 121 times greater at 0.17 MPa compared to 0 MPa, respectively. Beyond 0.17 MPa, the two stiffnesses of the actuator experience incremental growth due to wedge resistance forces.

Individuals of a group-living shorebird show smaller home range overlap when food availability is low.

BACKGROUND: Group living animals, such as shorebirds foraging on intertidal mudflats, may use social information about where to find hidden food items. However, flocking also increases intraspecific competition for resources, which may be exacerbated by food scarcity. Therefore, although aggregation may bring benefits, it may also increase the intensity of intraspecific competition. METHODS: We examined this trade-off in adult great knots Calidris tenuirostris, a molluscivorous long-distance migrating shorebird species, using interannual variation based on 2 years with different levels of food availability during their northward migratory staging in the northern Yellow Sea, China. We estimated individual home ranges and the extent of spatial overlap of home ranges of individually tagged birds in 2012 and 2015, whilst discounting for possible differences in body size, body mass, sex and migration schedule between years. RESULTS: We found that home range size was not associated with body mass, arrival date, body size, or sex of the individual. Despite a significant difference in food availability between the two study years, there was no significant change in the 50% and 95% home range size of great knots in the contrasting situations. However, there was a significantly smaller spatial overlap between individuals in the year when food was less available, suggesting that great knots operated more independently when food was scarce than when it was abundant. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that minimizing intraspecific competition became more important when food was scarce. Where it is impossible to monitor all habitats en route, monitoring the local movements of shorebirds may offer a way to detect changes in habitat quality in real time.

Association of food intake with a risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common liver disease, the risk of which can be increased by poor diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between food items and MAFLD, and to propose reasonable dietary recommendations for the prevention of MAFLD. Methods: Physical examination data were collected from April 2015 through August 2017 at Nanping First Hospital (n = 3,563). Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between food intake and the risk of MAFLD was assessed by using the inverse probability weighted propensity score. Results: Beverages (soft drinks and sugar-sweetened beverages) and instant noodles were positively associated with MAFLD risk, adjusting for smoking, drinking, tea intake, and weekly hours of physical activity [adjusted odds ratio (ORadjusted): 1.568; P = 0.044; ORadjusted: 4.363; P = 0.001]. Milk, tubers, and vegetables were negatively associated with MAFLD risk (ORadjusted: 0.912; P = 0.002; ORadjusted: 0.633; P = 0.007; ORadjusted: 0.962; P = 0.028). In subgroup analysis, the results showed that women [odds ratio (OR): 0.341, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.172-0.676] had a significantly lower risk of MAFLD through consuming more tubers than men (OR: 0.732, 95% CI: 0.564-0.951). Conclusions: These findings suggest that reducing consumption of beverages (soft drinks and sugar-sweetened beverages) and instant noodles, and consuming more milk, vegetables, and tubers may reduce the risk of MAFLD.

An insight into the benefits of substituting polypropylene with biodegradable polylactic acid face masks for combating environmental emissions.

Mask waste can affect the natural environment and human health. In this study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of two types of face masks (Polylactic acid (PLA) and Polypropylene (PP)) was first performed to evaluate the environmental impacts from production to end-of-life, and then, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were estimated for each life stage. The GHG emissions for one functional unit of PP and PLA face masks were estimated to be 6.27E+07 and 5.06E+07 kg CO2 eq, respectively. Explicitly, PLA mask production emissions are 37 % lower as compared to those for PP masks. Packaging has been recognized as a major GHG source throughout the product's life cycle. This study may provide a new insight into the environmental benefits of reducing GHG emissions within PLA face mask life cycles. Biodegradable and environmentally friendly materials can be used in the manufacturing and packaging of face masks.

Arriving late and lean at a stopover site is selected against in a declining migratory bird population.

Loss and/or deterioration of refuelling habitats have caused population declines in many migratory bird species but whether this results from unequal mortality among individuals varying in migration traits remains to be shown. Based on 13 years of body mass and size data of great knots (Calidris tenuirostris) at a stopover site of the Yellow Sea, combined with resightings of individuals marked at this stopover site along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, we assessed year to year changes in annual apparent survival rates, and how apparent survival differed between migration phenotypes (i.e. migration timing and fuel stores). The measurements occurred over a period of habitat loss and/or deterioration in this flyway. We found that the annual apparent survival rates of great knots rapidly declined from 2006 to 2018, late-arriving individuals with small fuel stores exhibiting the lowest apparent survival rate. There was an advancement in mean arrival date and an increase in the mean fuel load of stopping birds over the study period. Our results suggest that late-arriving individuals with small fuel loads were selected against. Thus, habitat loss and/or deterioration at staging sites may cause changes in the composition of migratory phenotypes at the population-level.

The role of DNA methylation in personalized medicine for immune-related diseases.

Epigenetics functions as a bridge between host genetic & environmental factors, aiding in human health and diseases. Many immune-related diseases, including infectious and allergic diseases, have been linked to epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation. In this review, we summarized an updated overview of DNA methylation and its importance in personalized medicine, and demonstrated that DNA methylation has excellent potential for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in a personalized manner. The future implications and limitations of the DNA methylation study have also been well-discussed.

Promoting Cross-Regional Integration of Maritime Emission Management: A Euro-American Linkage of Carbon Markets.

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport is an urgent topic. Some regional emissions trading systems (ETSs), buoyed by the globalized market-based measures (MBMs) plan of the International maritime organization, have initially assessed the feasibility of including maritime emissions under compliance obligations. However, including maritime emissions (which are interjurisdictional) in the existing ETSs is controversial, and globalized maritime MBMs remain elusive. Therefore, this study designed a joint bilateral maritime carbon market (BMCM) model based on the European ETS (EU-ETS) and Quebec ETS (QC-ETS). The carbon costs, speed optimization, and marginal abatement costs of three container routes under BMCM were analyzed. The results show that this Euro-American linkage achieves adequate emission coverage on specific routes and generates acceptable carbon costs for charterers. This study yields a positive result for the equal division of ETSs' exercising competence in cross-regional maritime transport and provides evidence for sector-specific ETS links based on quantitative analysis.

In vivo pharmacodynamic study of contezolid acefosamil, a prodrug of contezolid for oral and intravenous administration.

OBJECTIVES: Contezolid acefosamil is a novel O-acyl phosphoramidate prodrug of contezolid. In the current study, we aimed to systemically evaluate the efficacy of contezolid acefosamil against infections caused by multiple Gram-positive pathogens, and compare the efficacy of the prodrug by oral and intravenous administrations. METHODS: The in vivo pharmacodynamic efficacy of contezolid acefosamil was evaluated in mouse models of systemic (with five S. aureus, three S. pneumoniae and two S. pyogenes bacterial isolates) and thigh (with two S. aureus isolates) infections using linezolid as the reference agent. RESULTS: In both models, contezolid acefosamil administrated either orally or intravenously, demonstrated high antibacterial efficacy similar to linezolid, and the antibacterial efficacy of oral and intravenous contezolid acefosamil were comparable. CONCLUSIONS: The high aqueous solubility and great efficacy of contezolid acefosamil support its clinical development as an injectable and oral antibiotic suitable for serious Gram-positive infections.

The Effect of Ti Particles Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Mg AZ31/Al 6082 Composite Sheets.

In this study, Ti particles reinforced Mg AZ31/Al 6082 composite sheets were successfully prepared by hot rolling, with the aim of revealing the effect of Ti particles addition on the mechanical behavior and microstructure of Mg AZ31/Al 6082 composite sheets. The results showed that Ti particles were uniformly distributed at the interface of the Mg/Al-Ti composite sheets, which could greatly reduce the amount of Mg-Al intermetallic compounds during annealing treatment. Compared to the Mg/Al sheet, the tensile strength and elongation of the Mg/Al-Ti sheet could be improved simultaneously after the annealing treatment. Ti particles addition hardly affected the grain size, texture type, and tensile fracture morphology of the Mg layer and Al layer in the composite sheets before and after annealing. This present study provides a new perspective on the mechanical behavior and microstructure of Mg/Al composites through the addition of metal particles.

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits HSC activation and liver fibrosis via targeting inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and ECM-receptor interaction mediated by TGF-ß/Smad signaling.

BACKGROUND: Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) has many biological properties, however, the anti-fibrosis effect of GLP is unknown at present. PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the anti-fibrogenic effect of GLP and its underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN: Both CCl4-induced mouse and TGF-ß1-induced HSC-T6 cellular models of fibrosis were established to examine the anti-fibrogenic effect of a water-soluble GLP (25 kDa) extracted from the sporoderm-removed spores of G. lucidum.. METHOD: Serum markers of liver injury, histology and fibrosis of liver tissues, and collagen formation were examined using an automatic biochemical analyzer, H&E staining, Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, ELISA, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. RNA-sequencing, enrichment pathway analysis, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry were employed to identify the potential molecular targets and signaling pathways that are responsible for the anti-fibrotic effect of GLP. RESULTS: We showed that GLP (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly inhibited hepatic fibrogenesis and inflammation in CCl4-treated mice as mediated by the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 signaling pathway. We further demonstrated that GLP significantly inhibited hepatic stellate cell (HSCs) activation in mice and in TGF-ß1-induced HSC-T6 cells as manifested by reduced collagen I and a-SMA expressions. RNA-sequencing uncovered inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction, TLR4/NF-κB, and TGF-ß/Smad signalings as major pathways suppressed by GLP administration. Further studies demonstrated that GLP elicits anti-fibrotic actions that are associated with a novel dual effect on apoptosis in vivo (inhibit) or in vitro (promote), suppression of cell cycle in vivo, induction of S phase arrest in vitro, and attenuation of ECM-receptor interaction-associated molecule expressions including integrins ITGA6 and ITGA8. Furthermore, GLP significantly inhibited the TGF-ß/Smad signaling in mice, and reduced TGF-ß1 or its agonist SRI-011381-induced Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylations, but increased Samd7 expression in HSC-T6 cells. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first evidence that GLP could be a promising dietary strategy for treating liver fibrosis, which protects against liver fibrosis and HSC activation through targeting inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and ECM-receptor interactions that are mediated by TGF-ß/Smad signaling.

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Photinia serratifolia.

Plant mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are a valuable source of genetic information for a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships. However, no mitogenome of any species in the genus of Photinia has been reported. In this study, using NGS sequencing, we reported the mitogenome assembly and annotation of Photinia serratifolia, which is 473,579 bp in length, contains 38 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNAs, and 6 rRNAs, with 61 genes have no introns. The rps2 and rps11 genes are missing in the P. serratifolia mitogenome. Although there are more editing sites (488) in the P. serratifolia mitogenome than in most angiosperms, fewer editing types were found in the P. serratifolia mitogenome, showing a clear bias in RNA-editing. Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitogenomes of P. serratifolia and 8 other taxa of the Rosaceae family reflected the exact evolutionary and taxonomic status of P. serratifolia. However, Ka/Ks analysis revealed that 72.69% of the protein-coding genes in the P. serratifolia mitogenome had undergone negative selections, reflecting the importance of those genes in the P. serratifolia mitogenome. Collectively, these results will provide valuable information for the evolution of P. serratifolia and provide insight into the evolutionary relationships within Photinia and the Rosaceae family.

Aurora A Kinase Plays a Key Role in Mitosis Skip during Senescence Induced by Ionizing Radiation / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the fate and underlying mechanisms of G2 phase arrest in cancer cells elicited by ionizing radiation (IR).@*METHODS@#Human melanoma A375 and 92-1 cells were treated with X-rays radiation or Aurora A inhibitor MLN8237 (MLN) and/or p21 depletion by small interfering RNA (siRNA). Cell cycle distribution was determined using flow cytometry and a fluorescent ubiquitin-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) system combined with histone H3 phosphorylation at Ser10 (pS10 H3) detection. Senescence was assessed using senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), Ki67, and γH2AX staining. Protein expression levels were determined using western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Tumor cells suffered severe DNA damage and underwent G2 arrest after IR treatment. The damaged cells did not successfully enter M phase nor were they stably blocked at G2 phase but underwent mitotic skipping and entered G1 phase as tetraploid cells, ultimately leading to senescence in G1. During this process, the p53/p21 pathway is hyperactivated. Accompanying p21 accumulation, Aurora A kinase levels declined sharply. MLN treatment confirmed that Aurora A kinase activity is essential for mitosis skipping and senescence induction.@*CONCLUSION@#Persistent p21 activation during IR-induced G2 phase blockade drives Aurora A kinase degradation, leading to senescence via mitotic skipping.

High preoperative neutrophile-lymphocyte ratio predicts poor prognosis of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for nonurothelial carcinoma of the bladder / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the predictive value of high preoperative neutrophile-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for the prognosis of nonurothelial carcinoma of the bladder (NUBC) after radical cystectomy (RC). 【Methods】 Clinical and follow-up data of NUBC patients undergoing RC during Jan.2005 and Dec.2020 were collected. The optimal cut-off value of NLR was determined with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The survival curve was drawn with Kaplan-Meier method to compare the differences in cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) between the high-NLR and low-NLR groups. The independent risk factors of CSS and OS were screened with Cox proportional hazard regression model. 【Results】 Of the 62 eligible cases,34 (54.8%) were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma,17 (27.4%) with squamous cell carcinoma, 6 (9.7%) with small cell carcinoma and 5 (8.1%) with sarcoma. Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed high NLR was associated with poor CSS (P=0.001) and OS (P<0.001). Cox regression results indicated that high NLR (HR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.12-5.23, P=0.025) and advanced pathologic tumor stage (HR=3.21, 95%CI:1.53-6.74,P=0.002) were independent risk factors of unfavorable CSS. Similarly, high NLR (HR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.35-5.56, P=0.005) and advanced pathologic tumor stage (HR=2.81, 95%CI:1.43-5.57, P=0.003) were independent risk factors of unfavorable OS. 【Conclusion】 As an independent risk factor of unfavorable CSS and OS in NUBC patients undergoing RC, high preoperative NLR is of great value in the prediction of long-term prognosis and may help to optimize individualized treatment.