ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sitobion miscanthi is a major wheat pest at the grain-filling stage found in China. Identifying parasitoid species and understanding parasitism rates are keys to controlling the aphids via natural enemies in the wheat field. RESULTS: In the present study, a method based on DNA barcoding for early determination of the community composition of Aphidiinae parasitoids and parasitism on the aphid was developed. The proposed method detected Aphidius gifuensis as the predominant parasite, with parasitism rates of 40.1 ± 2.8% in 2019 and 65.7 ± 3.7% in 2022, and found that the rate varied significantly among different wheat varieties. COI primers efficiently amplified the Aphidiinae parasitoids COI fragments and amplified the aphid COI fragments derived from parasitized (mummified) S. miscanthi. Thus, the COI barcode is not sufficiently specific to unambiguously detect immature parasitoids inside their S. miscanthi hosts. However, it can be used to detect the DNA extracted from mummified aphids. In contrast, the 16S and LWRh primers effectively amplified and identified the parasitoids in parasitized aphids. The 16S primer was reliable even in the early stages of parasitism (24 h) and for DNA samples stored at -20 °C for 5 days. The three barcodes from COI, 16S, and LWRh genes could not clearly distinguish a few certain Aphidiinae species owing to relatively low intraspecific and interspecific diversity. CONCLUSION: The morphological features remain indispensable when identifying Aphidiinae species. Nonetheless, the COI and 16S primers could be used in combination for monitoring the parasitism rates on S. miscanthi in wheat fields. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Aphids , Hymenoptera , Animals , Aphids/genetics , Triticum/genetics , DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic , DNAABSTRACT
Crop resistance and biological control are both considered efficient and environmentally friendly methods of sustainable pest control. In this study, we aimed at investigating the direct influence of four wheat lines with varying resistance level on the life-history traits of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, and the mediational effect on the functional response of a predatory ladybird, Propylaea japonica, under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the aphid fitness was the lowest for aphids that had been feeding on wheat line '98-10-19' for one year. These aphids had the longest development time, and least adult mass, minimal mean relative growth rate, and lowest reproductive fitness. In contrast, the aphids that fed on wheat line '98-10-30' were the fittest, with the shortest development time and highest levels of reproductive fitness. The predatory activities of the ladybeetle, especially the adult male significantly decreased following the consumption of aphids belonging to the '98-10-19'-acclimated population. However, there were no significant differences in predatory efficiency (net attack frequency) among the four aphid acclimated populations. Our results showed that the wheat line '98-10-19' has a relative higher resistance to S. graminum than the other three wheat lines, which could further decrease the amount of prey available for consumption. However, the ecological effect of the resistance of '98-10-19' to S. graminum posed no negative influence on the biocontrol potential of P. japonica to these aphids, as their predatory efficiency increases at the fourth instar larvae phase.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological features, diagnosis and treatment of stromal tumor in the seminal vesicle. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 1 case of stromal tumor of the seminal vesicle, reviewed relevant domestic and international literature, and summarized the clinical manifestations, pathological features, diagnosis and treatment of the tumor. RESULTS: The patient was a 50 years old male, who underwent excision of the tumor together with the seminal vesicle. Pathology showed it to be stromal tumor of the seminal vesicle. Ultrasonography and CT found no recurrence 10 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Stromal tumor of the seminal vesicle is rare and easy to be misdiagnosed. Digital rectal examination, and ultrasonography, CT and MRI of the urinary system are useful for its diagnosis. The currently accepted treatment is surgical removal of the tumor, and the prognosis is good.
Subject(s)
Cystadenoma , Genital Neoplasms, Male , Seminal Vesicles , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the minimal invasive surgery for simultaneously treating synchronous colorectal cancer with liver metastasis. METHODS: From the clinical data of our department between March 2006 to June 2008, retrospectively reviewed and analyzed 5 typical cases of synchronous colorectal cancer with liver metastasis. All were treated with 5 different strategies of minimal invasive surgery. RESULTS: All underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery, i.e. open hepatectomy, laparoscopic-assisted hepatectomy, laparoscopic hepatectomy, laparoscopic hepatectomy plus radiofrequency ablation and multiple therapy respectively. The mean operative time was 177 minutes, the mean blood loss 126 ml, the time of gastrointestinal function recovery 48-72 hours and the mean hospital stay 7 days. In the follow-up of 10-27 months for all 5 patients, one suffered hepatic recurrence and one died. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous minimal invasive surgery is an optional and ideal method for treating synchronous colorectal cancer with liver metastasis.
