[Establishment and evaluation of a rabbit model of frozen shoulder induced by persistent strain injuries and ice compression].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the rabbit modle of frozen shoulder induced by persistent strain injuries and ice compression. METHODS: Twelve clean, healthy male New Zealand rabbits with a mass of (2 500±500) g were selected and randomly divided into a blank group and a control group with 6 rabbits in each group. In the control group, the rabbits were modeled with persistent strain injuries and ice compression, the general conditions of the rabbits and the active and passive activities of the shoulder joint were observed and their body weights were recorded. MRI was performed on the affected shoulder joints at 6 d and 29 d after modelling to observe the fluid and soft tissue;HE staining was used to observe the morphology of the rabbit biceps longus tendon and the synovial membrane of the joint capsule;Masson staining was used to observe the fibrous deposits of the rabbit biceps longus tendon and the synovial membrane of the joint capsule, and the fibrous deposits were analysed semi-quantitatively by Image J software. RESULTS: Six days after the end of modeling, the active movement of the shoulder joints in the control group was limited, the passive movement was not significantly limited, and they walked with a limp;29 days after the end of the modeling, the active and passive movements of the shoulder joints in the model group were severely limited. Compared with the blank group (2.50±0.14) kg, the body weight of the model group (2.20±0.17) kg was significantly reduced(P<0.01). MRI showed that 6 days after modelling, the muscles around the shoulder joint were not smooth in shape, the joint capsule structure was narrowed and a large amount of fluid was seen in the joint cavity;29 days after modelling, the muscles around the shoulder joint were rough in shape, structure of the joint capsule was unclear and the fluid in the joint cavity was reduced compared with 6 days after modelling. Pathological staining showed that the long-headed biceps tendon fibres in the control group were disorganised, curled or even broken, and the synovial tissue of the joint capsule was heavily vascularised, with collagen fibre deposits and severe inflammatory cell infiltration. The fiber deposition of the long head of biceps brachii in the model group [(23.58±3.41)%, (27.56±3.70)%] and synovial tissue [(41.78±5.59)%, (62.19±7.54)%] were significantly higher than those in the blank group [(1.79±1.03) %, (1.29±0.63) %] at 7 and 30 days after modeling and synovial tissue fiber deposition [(8.15±3.61) %, (11.29±7.10) %], as shown by the semi-quantitative analysis of Masson staining results by Image J software. And the longer the time, the more severe the fibrosis (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The behavioral, imaging and pathological findings showed that the rabbit frozen shoulder model with persistent strain injuries and ice compression is consistent with the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of periarthritis, making it an ideal method for periarthritis research.

[Research progress on structures, activities, and biosynthesis of blazeispirol compounds from Agaricus blazei].

Agaricus blazei is a rare medicinal and edible fungus with a crispy taste and delicious flavor. Both fruiting body and mycelium are rich in polysaccharides, sterols, terpenoids, peptides, lipids, polyphenols, and other active ingredients, which have strong pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, lipid-lowering, glucose-lowering, immunomodulation, optimization of intestinal flora, and anti-oxidation. Therefore, it is a kind of fungal resource with a great prospect of edible and medicinal development. Among the reported chemical components of A. blazei, blazeispirol is a series of sterol compounds unique to A. blazei, which has a spiral structure and is different from classical steroids. It is an important active ingredient found in the mycelium of A. blazei and has significant hepatoprotective activity. It can be used as a phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic marker of A. blazei strains and is considered an excellent lead compound for drug development. According to the skeleton structure characteristics, the 17 discovered blazeispirol compounds can be divided into two types: blazeispirane and problazeispirane. In order to further explore the resource of blazeispirol compounds of A. blazei, the discovery, isolation, structure, biological activity, and biosynthetic pathways of blazeispirol compounds of A. blazei were systematically reviewed. Besides, the metabolic regulation strategies related to the fermentation synthesis of blazeispirol A by A. blazei were discussed. This review could provide a reference for the efficient synthesis and development of blazeispirol compounds, the research and development of related drugs and functional foods, and the quality improvement of A. blazei and other medicinal and edible fungi resources and derivatives.

A study to untangle the puzzle of urinary incontinence and frailty co-occurrence among older adults: The roles of depression and activity engagement.

AIMS: To explore the co-occurrence of urinary incontinence and frailty by testing the roles of depression and activity engagement guided by the mechanisms of common cause and interaction pathways. DESIGN: A secondary analysis of a 1-year three-wave panel data collected from older nursing home residents in China. METHODS: Changes in depression and activity engagement were regressed on urinary incontinence and frailty incidence underpinned by the common cause mechanism of chronic conditions co-occurrence, and these changes were also taken as mediators linking from frailty to urinary incontinence incidence supported by the interaction pathways' mechanism. RESULTS: A total of 348 older adults were included in this study, and 55.7% were women. The co-occurrence of urinary incontinence and frailty was found in 16.7% of the participants at baseline. Older adults with sole frailty at baseline had almost twice the rate of incident urinary incontinence (32.7%) compared with those without (16.7%) over a 1-year period. The subsample analyses showed that changes in depression and activity engagement failed to significantly predict the incidence of urinary incontinence and frailty. The mediating roles of these changes linking frailty to urinary incontinence incidence were also not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The co-occurrence of urinary incontinence and frailty is prevalent in older nursing home residents. Older adults with frailty at baseline are more likely to develop urinary incontinence a year later. The common cause and interaction pathways mechanisms for the co-occurrence of urinary incontinence and frailty were not verified with changes in depression and activity engagement. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: The phenomenon of urinary incontinence and frailty co-occurrence should be given extreme emphasis. Although statistically significant findings on the roles of depression and activity engagement were not inferred, this study provides multiple possibilities for future studies to test and depict a clear picture of this co-occurrence. IMPACT: What problem did the study address? This study was designed to test the roles of depression and activity engagement in predicting the incidence of urinary incontinence and frailty, and the mediating roles in linking frailty to urinary incontinence incidence. What were the main findings? Despite the methodological pitfalls in literature have been addressed, neither depression nor activity engagement would significantly predict the incidence of urinary incontinence and frailty in older adults. Their mediating roles in linking frailty to urinary incontinence incidence were also not significant. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? Our findings add important pieces of evidence to promote researchers' understanding and provide an important basis for untangling the puzzle of urinary incontinence and frailty co-occurrence. REPORTING METHOD: The report of this study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Lytic Phage, vB_EclM_ECLFM1, against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae.

The global rise of multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae strains, especially those that are resistant to carbapenems and produce metallo-ß-lactamases, poses a critical challenge in clinical settings owing to limited treatment options. While bacteriophages show promise in treating these infections, their use is hindered by scarce resources and insufficient genomic data. In this study, we isolated ECLFM1, a novel E. cloacae phage, from sewage water using a carbapenem-resistant clinical strain as the host. ECLFM1 exhibited rapid adsorption and a 15-min latent period, with a burst size of approximately 75 PFU/infected cell. Its genome, spanning 172,036 bp, was characterized and identified as a member of Karamvirus. In therapeutic applications, owing to a high multiplicity of infection, ECLFM1 showed increased survival in zebrafish infected with E. cloacae. This study highlights ECLFM1's potential as a candidate for controlling clinical E. cloacae infections, which would help address challenges in treating multidrug-resistant strains and contribute to the development of alternative treatments.

Experimental evidence of ß-relaxation and its structural origin in ZIF-62 glass.

Intrinsic relaxation processes determine the crucial properties of glass, yet their underlying mechanisms are far from well understood. The brand-new glass-forming metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide desirable opportunities for looking inside glass relaxation, especially the secondary ß-relaxation phenomenon and mechanism. For a representative zeolitic imidazolate framework-62 (ZIF-62) glass, reliable and fine powder mechanical spectroscopy was performed based on home-made mountings combined with a commercial dynamical mechanical analyzer. For the first time, ß-relaxation was observed in a MOF glass besides the primary α-relaxation. The pronounced ß-relaxation was well demonstrated by a number of characteristics including an excess wing and the full width at half maximum (W) of the α-relaxation peaks, which deviated from the time-temperature superposition. The stretched exponent ß of ZIF-62 glass is 0.71 in the supercooled region. The W of ZIF-62 glass is the maximum among all known glassy materials. The structural origin of α- and ß-relaxation can be attributed to an increase of density, as observed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A general linear and broad correlation of fragility and stretched exponent ß with W of the α-relaxation peaks was established. When compared with traditional glass-formers, the resulting principles indicate a shared origin for the stretched exponent ß, W, and ß-relaxation in the case of ZIF-62 glass. The presented findings offer an effective new method to explore the glass/liquid transition of MOF glasses, which helps to obtain a deeper insight into the hierarchical relaxation dynamics of the glass transition.

Nurses' and nursing students' knowledge and attitudes to pressure injury prevention: A meta-analysis based on APUP and PUKAT.

BACKGROUND: Morbidity and mortality among patients due to pressure injuries continue to rise. Nurses play a critical role in preventing pressure injuries. However, published results on nurses' knowledge and attitudes for pressure injury prevention are often contradictory. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a meta-analysis of nurses' and nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward pressure injury prevention. DESIGN: A meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. DATA SOURCES: Ten databases were queried for the meta-analysis. The search period was from the time of the databases' establishment to February 2023. REVIEW METHODS: This review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Statistical analysis was conducted with the Stata 15.0 software, and the quantitative data of knowledge and attitude toward preventing PI in all studies were summarized. RESULTS: Thirteen studies from 9 countries were included. The meta-analysis showed that nurses and nursing students had low knowledge but positive attitudes toward pressure injury prevention. Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled proportion of both knowledge and attitudes was higher in Asia than in Europe. Nurses had higher knowledge than nursing students, however, the former had a more negative attitude than the latter. Sensitivity analyses were robust. Egger's test showed no significant publication bias. CONCLUSION: The knowledge of nurses and nursing students about pressure injury prevention is not promising and there is an urgent need for continuous learning. Attitudes are more positive but there is room for improvement. The relevant departments should strengthen nurses' and nursing students' knowledge of pressure injury prevention and further improve their attitudes toward pressure injury prevention.

A Flexible Lithium-Ion-Conducting Membrane with Highly Loaded Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles to Promote Charge Transfer for Lithium-Air Battery.

In this research, we aim to investigate a flexible composite lithium-ion-conducting membrane (FC-LICM) consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with a TiO2-rich configuration. PVDF-HFP was selected as the host polymer owing to its chemically compatible nature with lithium metal. TiO2 (40-60 wt%) was incorporated into the polymer matrix, and the FC-LICM charge transfer resistance values (Rct) were reduced by two-thirds (from 1609 Ω to 420 Ω) at the 50 wt% TiO2 loading compared with the pristine PVDF-HFP. This improvement may be attributed to the electron transport properties enabled by the incorporation of semiconductive TiO2. After being immersed in an electrolyte, the FC-LICM also exhibited a Rct that was lower by 45% (from 141 to 76 Ω), suggesting enhanced ionic transfer upon the addition of TiO2. The TiO2 nanoparticles in the FC-LICM facilitated charge transfers for both electron transfer and ionic transport. The FC-LICM incorporated at an optimal load of 50 wt% TiO2 was assembled into a hybrid electrolyte Li-air battery (HELAB). This battery was operated for 70 h with a cut-off capacity of 500 mAh g-1 in a passive air-breathing mode under an atmosphere with high humidity. A 33% reduction in the overpotential of the HELAB was observed in comparison with using the bare polymer. The present work provides a simple FC-LICM approach for use in HELABs.

Multi-stage Transformations of a Cluster-Based Metal-Organic Framework: Perturbing Crystals to Glass-Forming Liquids that Re-Crystallize at High Temperature.

Glassy and liquid state metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging type of materials subjected to intense research for their rich physical and chemical properties. In this report, we obtained the first glassy MOF that involves metal-carboxylate cluster building units via multi-stage structural transformations. This MOF is composed of linear [Mn3 (COO)6 ] node and flexible pyridyl-ethenylbenzoic linker. The crystalline MOF was first perturbed by vapor hydration and thermal dehydration to give an amorphous state, which can go through a glass transition at 505 K into a super-cooled liquid. The super-cooled liquid state is stable through a wide temperature range of 40 K and has the largest fragility index of 105, giving a broad processing window. Remarkably, the super-cooled liquid can not only be quenched into glass, but also recrystallize into the initial MOF when heated to a higher temperature above 558 K. The mechanism of the multi-stage structural transformations was studied by systematic characterizations of in situ X-ray diffraction, calorimetry, rheological, spectroscopic and pair-distribution function analysis. These multi-stage transformations not only represent a rare example of high temperature coordinative recognition and self-assembly, but also provide new MOF processing strategy through crystal-amorphous-liquid-crystal transformations.

Effect of birth asphyxia on neonatal blood glucose during the early postnatal life: A multi-center study in Hubei Province, China.

BACKGROUND: Birth asphyxia causes hypoxia or inadequate perfusion to the organs of newborns, leading to metabolism dysfunctions including blood glucose disorders. METHODS: Neonates with and without birth asphyxia were retrospectively recruited from 53 hospitals in Hubei Province from January 1 to December 31, 2018. In summary, 875, 1139, and 180 cases in the control group, the mild asphyxia group, and the severe asphyxia group were recruited, respectively. Neonatal blood glucose values at postnatal 1, 2, 6, and 12 h (time error within 0.5 h was allowed) were gathered from the medical records. RESULTS: The incidence rates of hyperglycemia in the control group, the mild asphyxia group and the severe asphyxia group were 2.97%, 7.90%, and 23.33%, respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, the incidence rates of hypoglycemia in the three groups above were 3.66%, 4.13%, and 7.78%, respectively (p = 0.042). The blood glucose values of neonates with hypoglycemia in the asphyxia group were lower than in the control group (p = 0.003). Furthermore, the blood glucose values of neonates with hyperglycemia were highest in the severe asphyxia group (p < 0.001). There were 778 and 117 cases with blood glucose records at four predefined time points in the mild and severe asphyxia group, respectively. The incidence of blood glucose disorders in the mild asphyxia group significantly decreased from postnatal 6 h (p＜0.05). However, we found no obvious changes of the incidence of glucose disorders within postnatal 12 h in the severe asphyxia group (p = 0.589). CONCLUSION: Birth asphyxia is likely to cause neonatal blood glucose disorders, both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, during the early postnatal life. The neonates with severe asphyxia have higher incidence, worse severity and longer duration of blood glucose disorders than neonates with mild asphyxia.

Thymopentin (TP-5) prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuron injury by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke, and is accompanied by excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and mediators by activated microglia. Microglial inflammatory response inhibition may be an effective strategy for preventing inflammatory disorders. However, the reciprocal connections between the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system have not been elucidated. Thus far, these links have been proven to mainly involve immuno- and neuropeptides. The pentapeptide thymopentin (TP-5) exerts a significant immunomodulatory effect; however, its antineuroinflammatory effects and underlying mechanism are still unclear. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish an inflammation model, and the therapeutic effect of TP-5 was evaluated. Behavioral tests showed that TP-5 treatment could improve the performance of LPS-treated mice in the open field and pole test, but not hanging wire test. TP-5 also attenuated neuronal lesions in the brains of LPS-treated mice. TP-5 reduced cytotoxicity and morphological changes in activated microglia. Label-free quantitative analysis indicated that the expression of multiple proteins and the activation of associated signaling pathways were altered by TP-5. Moreover, TP-5 could inhibit LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the brain and BV2 microglia and the expression of major genes in the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Additionally, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression downregulation was rescued in the LPS + TP-5 group compared with the LPS group. We conclude that TP-5 exerts neuroprotection by alleviating LPS-induced inflammatory damage and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. The protective effect of TP-5 may involve the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Enhanced in-situ sludge reduction of the side-stream process via employing micro-aerobic approach in both mainstream and side-stream.

Side-stream reactor (SSR), as an in-situ sludge reduction process with high sludge reduction efficiency (SRE) and less negative impact on effluent, has been widely researched. In order to reduce cost and promote large-scale application, the anaerobic/anoxic/micro-aerobic/oxic bioreactor coupled with micro-aerobic SSR (AAMOM) was used to investigate nutrient removal and SRE under short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of SSR. When HRT of SSR was 4 h, AAMOM system achieved 30.41% SRE, while maintaining carbon and nitrogen removal efficiency. Micro-aerobic in mainstream accelerated the hydrolysis of particulate organic matter (POM) and promoted denitrification. Micro-aerobic in side-stream increased cell lysis and ATP dissipation, thus increasing SRE. Microbial community structure indicated that the cooperative interactions among hydrolytic, slow growing, predatory and fermentation bacteria played key roles in improving SRE. This study confirmed that SSR coupled micro-aerobic was a promising and practical process, which could benefit nitrogen removal and sludge reduction in municipal wastewater treatment plants.

In-situ growth of low-dimensional perovskite-based insular nanocrystals for highly efficient light emitting diodes.

Regulation of perovskite growth plays a critical role in the development of high-performance optoelectronic devices. However, judicious control of the grain growth for perovskite light emitting diodes is elusive due to its multiple requirements in terms of morphology, composition, and defect. Herein, we demonstrate a supramolecular dynamic coordination strategy to regulate perovskite crystallization. The combined use of crown ether and sodium trifluoroacetate can coordinate with A site and B site cations in ABX3 perovskite, respectively. The formation of supramolecular structure retard perovskite nucleation, while the transformation of supramolecular intermediate structure enables the release of components for slow perovskite growth. This judicious control enables a segmented growth, inducing the growth of insular nanocrystal consist of low-dimensional structure. Light emitting diode based on this perovskite film eventually brings a peak external quantum efficiency up to 23.9%, ranking among the highest efficiency achieved. The homogeneous nano-island structure also enables high-efficiency large area (1 cm2) device up to 21.6%, and a record high value of 13.6% for highly semi-transparent ones.

Management of fear and anxiety in dental treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review was to compare the effects of interventions for the management of fear and anxiety for dental treatments. METHODS: This research project was applied to PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Cochrane library databases. The last search was run on March 31st, 2021. A list of references of relevant articles and previous reviews were checked. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 20 eligible randomized controlled trials were included, and 969 participations in experimental group and 892 participations in the control group were involved. Anxiety levels decreased more in intervention groups than in control groups (Z = 3.47, P = 0.0005, SMD = - 0.62, 95% CI - 0.98 to - 0.27). For adults, there was statistical difference between experimental and control groups [Z = 2.14, P = 0.03, 95% CI - 0.54 (- 1.03, - 0.04)], while there was not no such statistical difference in children and adolescents [Z = 1.62, P = 0.11, 95% CI - 0.60 (- 1.32, 0.13)]. Patients experienced a significant decrease in anxiety level using sedation drugs [Z = 2.44, P = 0.01, 95% CI - 0.61 (- 1.10, - 0.12)] and audio-visual distractions [Z = 3.1, P = 0.002, 95% CI - 0.86 (- 1.40, - 0.32)]. For the informative intervention groups, patients did not show significant difference than control groups [Z = 1.22, P = 0.22, 95% CI - 0.55 (- 1.43, 0. 33)]. There was no statistical difference in vital signs [Z = 1.39, P = 0.16, 95% CI - 0.25 (- 0.61, 0.10)] and pain levels [Z = 0.69, P = 0.49; SMD = - 0.06, 95% CI (0.27, 0.11)] between intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions should be used in managing anxiety and fear for dental treatment. It might be effective for anxiety alleviating for adults, but there was a low certainty of evidence that interventions could reduce anxiety level in children and adolescents. Sedation drugs and audio-visual distractions might be useful for managing dental fear and anxiety. Pain levels and vital signs could not be improved form our study. High-quality randomized clinical trials are required for further study.

Polymeric nano-system for macrophage reprogramming and intracellular MRSA eradication.

Intracellular Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major factor of refractory and recurrent infections, which cannot be well addressed by antibiotic therapy. Here, we design a cellular infectious microenvironment-activatable polymeric nano-system to mediate targeted intracellular drug delivery for macrophage reprogramming and intracellular MRSA eradication. The polymeric nano-system is composed of a ferrocene-decorated polymeric nanovesicle formulated from poly(ferrocenemethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PFMMA-b-PMPC) copolymer with co-encapsulation of clofazimine (CFZ) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The cellular-targeting PMPC motifs render specific internalization by macrophages and allow efficient intracellular accumulation. Following the internalization, the ferrocene-derived polymer backbone sequentially undergoes hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic transition, charge reversal and Fe release in response to intracellular hydrogen peroxide over-produced upon infection, eventually triggering endosomal escape and on-site cytosolic drug delivery. The released IFN-γ reverses the immunosuppressive status of infected macrophages by reprogramming anti-inflammatory M2 to pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. Meanwhile, intracellular Fe2+-mediated Fenton reaction together with antibiotic CFZ contributes to increased intracellular hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation. Ultimately, the nano-system achieves robust potency in ablating intracellular MRSA and antibiotic-tolerant persisters by synchronous immune modulation and efficient •OH killing, providing an innovative train of thought for intracellular MRSA control.

Prevalence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a newly proposed pre-dementia syndrome. Several studies on the prevalence of MCR have been published; however, the data vary across studies with different epidemiological characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to quantitatively analyse the overall prevalence and associated epidemiological characteristics of MCR among older adults aged ≥ 60 years. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu Database, China Biology Medicine disc and Wanfang Database were searched from their inception to January 2022. A modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale evaluated the risk of bias. Statistical heterogeneity among the included studies was analysed using Cochran's Q and I2 tests. A random effect model calculated pooled prevalence owing to study heterogeneity. Begg's and Egger's tests were used to assess the publication bias. Additionally, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed based on different epidemiological characteristics to determine heterogeneity sources. RESULTS: Sixty-two studies comprising 187,558 samples were obtained. The pooled MCR prevalence was 9.0% (95% confidence interval: 8.3-9.8). A higher MCR prevalence was observed in females, older adults with a low educational level, depression and cardiovascular risk factors, South American populations, and studies with small sample sizes and cross-section designs. Furthermore, subjective cognitive complaint using scale score and gait speed using instrument gait showed higher MCR prevalence. CONCLUSION: MCR is common in older adults, and various epidemiological characteristics influence its prevalence. Thus, preventive measures are required for older adults with higher MCR prevalence.

Influences of lithium on soil properties and enzyme activities.

Lithium is an emerging environmental contaminant under the current sustainable energy strategy, but little is known about its contamination characteristic in soil. In this study, soil properties and enzyme activities in soils treated with 10-1280 mg kg-1 lithium were measured. The results showed that the content of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, and exchangeable potassium significantly increased by 64.39%-217.73%, 23.06%-131.86%, and 4.76%-16.10%, while electric conductivity and available phosphorus content in lithium treated soils was respectively as 1.10-fold-13.44-fold and 1.27-fold-6.66-fold comparing to CK value. Soil pH and cation exchange capacity slightly declined and increased, respectively, and there was no significant variation in total organic carbon. However, nitrate nitrogen and sulfate content significantly decreased under higher lithium stress. On the other hand, lower lithium treatment level of 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg kg-1 selectively promoted the activities of sucrase, urease, aryl sulfatase, and peroxidase, while the protease, neutral phosphatase, phytase, and lipase were significantly inhibited under all lithium levels, indicating a weaken geochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Then, lithium's 10% and 50% ecological dose (ED10 and ED50) was respectively fitted as 21.18 and 1408.67 mg kg-1 basing on Geometric Mean Index. The influences of lithium on soil were adverse. This study provided important insights into understanding the characteristics of lithium contamination, informing risk assessment and guiding remediation.

[Influence of hypotension on the short-term prognosis of preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks]. / 低血压对胎龄<32周早产儿近期预后的影响.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of early-stage hypotension defined as mean arterial pressure (MAP)0.05).The univariate analysis showed that the poor short-term prognosis was related to birth of cesarean section, gestational age, an Apgar score of ≤ 5 at 5 minutes, use of vasoactive drugs within 72 hours, mechanical ventilation within 72 hours, and hypotension under the two definitions (P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression showed that hypotension based on either definition was not an independent risk factor for poor prognosis (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hypotension based on either definition is not an independent risk factor for short-term poor prognosis in preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks. Hypotension defined by MAP<30 mmHg might be more sensitive than that defined by MAP

Unexpected Cascade Dehydrogenation Triggered by Pd/Cu-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Arylation/Intramolecular C-N Coupling of Amides: Facile Access to 1,2-Dihydroquinolines.

In this work, we successfully explored an unexpected dehydrogenation triggered by Pd/Cu-catalyzed C(sp3)-H arylation and intramolecular C-N coupling of amides to synthesize the bioactive 1,2-dihydroquinoline scaffold with good regioselectivity and good compatibility of functional groups. This strategy provides an alternative route to realize molecular complexity and diversity from simple and readily available molecules via multiple C-H bond activation. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrated that ß,γ-dehydrogenation is triggered by the arylation of the C(sp3)-H bond and the intramolecular C-N coupling.

Vibration assisted glass-formation in zeolitic imidazolate framework.

A new glass forming method is essential for broadening the scope of liquid and glassy metal-organic frameworks due to the limitations of the conventional melt-quenching method. Herein, we show that in situ mechanical vibration can facilitate the framework melting at a lower temperature and produce glassy metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with unique properties. Using zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-62 as a concept-proofing material, in situ mechanical vibration enables low-temperature melting at 653 K, far below its melting point (713 K). The resultant vibrated ZIF-62 glass exhibited a lower glass transition temperature of 545 K, improved gas accessible porosity, and pronounced short-to-medium range structures compared to the corresponding melt-quenched glass. We propose that vibration-facilitated surface reconstruction facilitates pre-melting, which could be the cause of the lowered melting temperature. The vibration assisted method represents a new general method to produce MOF glasses without thermal decomposition.

Experience of physical activity in patients with COPD: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate and integrate the qualitative research on physical activity (PA) experience of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL and other databases were searched, and the qualitative research on PA experience of patients with COPD was collected. The systematic review was conducted in line with Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. RESULTS: 12 studies were included and 3 themes were summarized, included: COPD patients experience more barriers while participating in physical activities than facilitators; COPD patients experience more positive effects post-physical activities than negative effects; Guaranteeing safety, goal setting, and establishing a professional support group improve compliance in COPD patients. CONCLUSION: Health care professionals should help patients overcome the obstacles of PA, pay attention to the PA experience of patients, adopt diversified PA methods, improve PA participation and compliance, and make patients develop good PA habits.