[Efficacy and safety of inhalation of pulmonary surfactant using vibrating mesh nebulizers combined with nasal continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) combined with inhalation of pulmonary surfactant (PS) using vibrating mesh nebulizers in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). METHODS: A prospective study was performed on premature infants with RDS admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between December 2020 and June 2021. They were randomly assigned into vibrating mesh atomization technology group and intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE) technology group. The two groups were treated with NCPAP combined with PS. PS in the vibrating mesh atomization technology group was inhaled into the lungs by the new vibrating mesh atomization technology, while PS in the INSURE group was injected into the lungs by endotracheal tube. The pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube (MVET) demand rate, duration of respiratory support, secondary use of PS, complications, and hospital mortality were compared between the two groups. The occurrences of adverse events in the two groups were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 42 preterm infants were finally enrolled, including 20 cases in the vibrating mesh atomization technology group and 22 cases in the INSURE technology group. There were no significant differences in blood gas analysis and PaO2/FiO2 before PS administration between the two groups. One hour after PS administration, blood gas analysis and PaO2/FiO2 were significantly improved in both groups. Compared with the INSURE technology group, the improvement of PaO2/FiO2 was more obvious in the vibrating mesh atomization technology group [mmHg (1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa): 198±34 vs. 173±39, P < 0.05], but no significant difference in pH value or PaCO2 was found between the two groups. The duration of respiratory support in the vibrating mesh atomization technology group was significantly shorter than that in the INSURE technology group (hours: 96±13 vs. 120±18, P < 0.01), but there was no statistical difference in MVET demand rate [5.0% (1/20) vs. 13.6% (3/22), P > 0.05]. The incidence of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH) in the vibrating mesh atomization technology group was less than that in the INSURE technology group [0% (0/20) vs. 18.2% (4/22)], but no statistical difference was found (P > 0.05). No significant differences in the secondary use rate of PS and incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or other complications were found between the vibrating mesh atomization technology group and the INSURE technology group [5.0% (1/20) vs. 9.1% (2/22), 5.0% (1/20) vs. 4.5% (1/22), both P > 0.05]. There were no deaths or serious adverse events such as pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the INSURE technique, NCPAP combined with vibrating mesh atomization technology was also effective and safe in the treatment of RDS, which could significantly improve PaO2/FiO2 and shorten the duration of respiratory support. Thus, it was worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Prediction Effect of Amplitude-Integrated EEG on the Brain Damage and Long-Term Nervous System Development of Late Preterm Infants.

In order to explore the prediction effect of amplitude-integrated EEG on the brain damage and long-term nervous system development of late preterm infants, this paper uses the hospital's late preterm infants as the research object and analyzes the prediction effect of amplitude-integrated EEG on the brain damage and long-term nervous system development of late preterm infants through controlled trials. Among them, the test group used amplitude-integrated EEG for prediction analysis, and the control group used traditional clinical prediction methods. Furthermore, the real-time monitoring and short-term prediction effects of amplitude-integrated EEG on brain damage in late preterm babies and the prediction impact on long-term nervous system development are evaluated in this study. It incorporates statistical techniques to evaluate the findings statistically. In addition, a nonparametric rank-sum test is used in this work, and a chi-square test is used to compare enumeration data across groups. Through experimental research, it can be seen that the amplitude-integrated EEG has a pronounced prediction effect on the brain damage and long-term nervous system development of late preterm infants, and the effect is higher than that of the traditional clinical prediction methods.

Effects of Recombinant IL-35-BCG on Treg/Th17 Cell Imbalance and Inflammatory Response in Asthmatic Newborn Mice Induced by RSV.

Treg/Th17 cell imbalance and inflammatory response may occur in neonatal asthma. IL-35 and BCG have inhibitory effects on inflammatory responses in diseases. However, studies on neonatal asthma after combination of the two have not been reported so far. A respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced neonatal asthma model was first developed in newborn mice. Pathological sections of lung tissue of asthmatic mice were observed by HE staining. Masson staining was used to observe the lung tissue and to compare the deposition of collagen fibers under bronchial epithelium in model mice. The expression of cytokines in serum was detected by ELISA. Giemsa staining analyzed each cell in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Flow cytometry was used to detect the differentiation and development of Treg and Th17 subgroups in BALF. The expression levels of inflammation-related factors were detected by RT-qPCR. Western blot was used to detect the expression of JNK pathway-related proteins. Recombinant IL-35-BCG improved the pathological response of asthmatic mice; inhibited the expression of IgE in serum, neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils in BALF; and increased the expression of lymphocytes. In addition, recombinant IL-35-BCG significantly inhibited Th17 differentiation, promoted Treg cell differentiation, and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in lung tissue homogenates, thereby reducing allergic airway inflammation. This process might be achieved by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway. Recombinant IL-35-BCG can regulate Treg/Th17 cell imbalance and inflammatory response in asthmatic newborn mice induced by RSV through JNK signaling pathway, suggesting a new path to neonatal asthma treatment.

Application of virtual scenario simulation combined with problem-based learning for paediatric medical students.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the application and effects of virtual scenario simulation combined with problem-based learning (PBL) in teaching paediatric medical students. METHODS: Participants were 300 paediatric medical students randomly divided into a study group and control group. Students in the study group were taught using virtual scenario simulation combined with PBL; students in the control group were taught using conventional teaching methods. Academic performance, knowledge of paediatrics, self-evaluation of comprehensive ability and degree of learning satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS: Students in the study group showed considerably higher academic performance and noticeably higher classroom performance. Paediatric knowledge, comprising initiating communication, collecting information, giving information, understanding the paediatric patient and concluding communication, was higher for students in the study group. The degree of learning satisfaction was higher for students in the study group. CONCLUSION: Virtual scenario simulation combined with PBL can effectively improve students' academic performance, mastery of paediatric knowledge, comprehensive ability evaluation and learning satisfaction. The broader application of this approach should be explored for medical student education.

Montelukast improves bronchopulmonary dysplasia by inhibiting epithelial­mesenchymal transition via inactivating the TGF­ß1/Smads signaling pathway.

The present study investigated the role of montelukast (MK) during the progression of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and the underlying mechanism of action. A rat model of BPD was induced by hyperoxia and subsequently, the rats were treated with 10 mg/kg MK. On day 14 post­hyperoxia induction, lung function was assessed by detecting the mean linear intercept (MLI; the average alveolar diameter), the radial alveolar count (RAC; alveolar septation and alveologenesis) and the lung weight/body weight (LW/BW) ratio. Type II alveolar epithelial (AEC II) cells were isolated from normal rats to investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of MK on BPD in vitro. Western blotting and reverse transcription­quantitative PCR were performed to measure the expression levels of surfactant protein C (SP­C), E­cadherin, N­cadherin, Vimentin, collagen I (Col I), matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)1/3, transforming growth factor (TGF)­ß1 and Smad3. MK significantly reduced the MLI and the LW/BW ratio, and increased the RAC of the BPD group compared with the control group. MK upregulated the expression of SP­C and E­cadherin, and downregulated the expression levels of N­cadherin and Vimentin in the lung tissues of the rat model of BPD, as well as in TGF­ß1­ and hyperoxia­induced AEC II cells. In addition, MK reduced the expression of Col I, MMP1, MMP3, TGF­ß1 and Smad3 in the lung tissues of the rat model of BPD, as well as in TGF­ß1­ and hyperoxia­induced AEC II cells. The present study demonstrated that MK improved BPD by inhibiting epithelial­mesenchymal transition via inactivating the TGF­ß1/Smads signaling pathway.

Etiology analysis of nonspecific chronic cough in children of 5 years and younger.

This study aims to analyze the etiology of nonspecific chronic cough in children of 5 years and younger, in order to improve the diagnostic and treatment levels of pediatricians for nonspecific chronic cough in young children.The clinical data of 85 cases of children of 5 years old and below, who suffered from nonspecific chronic cough between the period of January 2015 and August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The etiology distribution of 85 cases of children with nonspecific chronic cough were as follows: 27 cases had cough variant asthma (31.8%), 32 cases had upper airway cough syndrome (37.6%), 16 cases had cough after infection (18.8%), 3 cases had gastroesophageal reflux cough (3.5%), 2 cases had allergic cough (2.4%), and 5 cases had unknown causes of cough (5.9%).The main composition ratio of the etiology of chronic cough in children of 5 years old and below is as follows (in sequence): upper airway cough syndrome, cough variant asthma, and post infection cough.

[Efficacy and safety of selective brain hypothermia therapy on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of selective brain hypothermia (SBH) in the treatment of neonates with moderate or severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and the effect of SBH treatment on serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and central nervous specific protein S100. METHODS: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. From January 2015 to June 2017, 42 children with moderate to severe HIE in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College were enrolled, and they were randomly divided into SBH treatment group and routine treatment group after obtaining the consent of the guardian of the children. The children in routine treatment group were given the traditional symptomatic supportive treatment, supplemented by drugs to promote nerve cell growth. On the basis of traditional treatment, the children in the SBH treatment group were given SBH treatment within 6 hours after birth. The nasopharyngeal temperature was maintained at 33.0-34.5 centigrade and the rectal temperature was maintained at 34.5-35.0 centigrade. The general clinical data of the two groups including gender, gestational age, birth weight, age, 5-minute neonatal asphyxia score (Apgar score), score for neonatal acute physiology perinatal extension version II (SNAPPE II) were collected. The primary outcomes were hospitalized death, severe disability at 15 months of age, neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) score at 28 days of age, and Bayley scales of infant development (BSID) score [including mental development index (MDI) score and psychomotor development index (PDI) score] at 15 months of age at follow-up. The secondary outcomes were serum levels of NSE and S100 protein. The occurrences of adverse events in the two groups were recorded. RESULTS: Among 42 HIE children, 1 child of severe congenital malformation and 1 child of platelet count (PLT) < 50×109/L were excluded, and 40 children were enrolled in the study group. During the follow-up period, 2 children of SBH treatment group and 2 children of routine treatment group were lost or the outcome was unknown. Finally, 18 children of each group were enrolled in the analysis. There was no significant difference in the baseline data of gender, gestational age, birth weight, age, 5-minure Apgar score or SNAPPE II score between the two groups, indicating that the baseline data of the two groups were balanced and comparable. The incidence of severe disability in the SBH treatment group was significantly lower than that in the routine treatment group [5.6% (1/18) vs. 44.4% (8/18), P < 0.05]. There was 1 child death in the routine treatment group and no death in the SBH treatment group. Compared with the routine treatment group, the 28-day NBNA score of the SBH treatment group was increased by 2.9 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.0-4.8], BSID score at 15 months of age was improved significantly, MDI score was increased by 11.8 (95%CI = 4.3-19.3), and PDI score was increased by 12.4 (95%CI = 2.5-22.3), with significant differences between the two groups (all P < 0.05). After 3 days of treatment, the serum NSE and S100 protein levels in both groups were significantly decreased as compared with those before treatment [NSE (µg/L): 30.15±15.18 vs. 31.32±14.75, S100 (ng/L): 387.5 (273.3, 573.0) vs. 890.0 (590.5, 1 162.5) in routine treatment group; NSE (µg/L): 29.09±16.22 vs. 32.25±15.43, S100 (ng/L): 402.5 (302.2, 580.5) vs. 842.0 (462.3, 1 200.5) in SBH treatment group, all P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in serum NSE or S100 protein level between the two groups (all P > 0.05). There was no serious adverse event such as arrhythmia, large vein thrombosis or irreducible hypotension in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of general adverse events such as sinus bradycardia, scleredema, blood glucose disorder, or systemic infection between the two groups [16.7% (3/18) vs. 11.1% (2/18), 5.6% (1/18) vs. 5.6% (1/18), 22.2% (4/18) vs. 11.1% (2/18), 5.6% (1/18) vs. 5.6% (1/18), all P > 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: SBH treatment could significantly increase the NBNA score at 28 days of birth and BSID score at 15 months of age, reduce the incidence of severe disability in moderate and severe HIE children, but it was not be proved that SBH could reduce the mortality. Compared with routine treatment, SBH treatment had no significant superiority on improving the levels of serum NSE and S100 protein, suggesting that SBH could not protect the brain by inhibiting the apoptosis of nerve cells and promoting the repair of nerve cells.

ELANE gene mutation-induced cyclic neutropenia manifesting as recurrent fever with oral mucosal ulcer: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Cyclic neutropenia (CyN) is a rare hematological disease. Herein, a CyN girl, aged 3 years and 2 months, with recurrent fever and oral mucosal ulcer caused by neutrophil elastase (ELANE) gene mutation is reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 3 years and 2 months old girl presented with recurrent fever and oral mucosal ulcer for 1 year. Routine blood test revealed that her absolute neutrophil count repeatedly decreased (minimum 0. 04 × 10/L) every 21 days on an average. Gene testing showed that the patient suffered from ELANE gene heterozygous mutation (c.197T>G) (exon2) (p.M66R). She was finally diagnosed as CyN. The patient's symptoms were relieved after infection prevention and treatment as well as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy. Her condition continues to remain stable. CONCLUSION: Active prevention and treatment of infection as well as G-CSF therapy can successfully control CyN.

Volume-targeted ventilation is more suitable than pressure-limited ventilation for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of volume-targeted ventilation (VTV) compared with pressure-limited ventilation (PLV) in preterm infants. METHOD: We searched the Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2013), PubMed (1966 to 5 March 2013), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and periodical databases (1979 to 5 March 2013). We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of VTV versus PLV as active interventions in preterm infants. We performed meta-analyses using the Cochrane statistical package RevMan 5.0. RESULTS: Eighteen trials met our inclusion criteria. There was no evidence that VTV modes reduced the incidence of death (relative risk (RR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.05). The use of VTV modes resulted in a reduction in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.82) and duration of mechanical ventilation (mean difference (MD) -2.0 days, 95% CI -3.14 to -0.86). VTV modes also resulted in reductions in intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.99), grade 3/4 IVH (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.79), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.72), pneumothorax (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.93), failure of primary mode of ventilation (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.94), hypocarbia (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.96), mean airway pressure (MD -0.54 cmH2O, 95% CI -1.05 to -0.02) and days of supplemental oxygen administration (MD -1.68 days, 95% CI -2.47 to -0.88). CONCLUSIONS: Preterm infants ventilated using VTV modes had reduced duration of mechanical ventilation, incidence of BPD, failure of primary mode of ventilation, hypocarbia, grade 3/4 IVH, pneumothorax and PVL compared with preterm infants ventilated using PLV modes. There was no evidence that infants ventilated with VTV modes had reduced death compared to infants ventilated using PLV modes.

Systematic review of montelukast's efficacy for preventing post-bronchiolitis wheezing.

Infants often develop reactive airway diseases subsequent to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), a class of lipid mediators that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and asthma, are released during RSV infection, thereby contributing to the pathogenic changes in airway inflammation. Many pediatric patients, especially those of very young age, continue to have recurrent episodes of lower airway obstruction after bronchiolitis treatment. This study was to systematically review and assessed the efficacy of montelukast for preventing wheezing in patients with post-bronchiolitis. The Cochrane library, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) periodical databases were screened for studies related to use of montelukast for preventing post-bronchiolitis wheezing published up to 31 December 2012. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs using montelukast alone as an active intervention in infants up to 24 months of age with post-bronchiolitis were selected. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed trial quality using the recommendations published by the Cochrane Collaboration. The meta-analyses were performed using the Cochrane statistical package RevMan5.0.0. Four trials, containing 1430 infants with confirmed diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, were analyzed. Patients were administered montelukast at post-bronchiolitis. Three trials showed no effects of montelukast on reducing the incidence of recurrent wheezing risk ratios (RR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.55-1.12, p = 0.17), while two trials found that montelukast did reduce the frequency of recurrent wheezing and another two trials demonstrated no effects of montelukast on symptom-free days. The pooled montelukast treatment group showed no significant effect on reducing the usage of corticosteroids, as compared to the placebo group (RR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.85-1.44, p = 0.45). Two trials showed that montelukast significantly decreased serum eosinophil-derived neurotoxin levels, as compared to the control group. In general, the side effects of rash, vomiting, and insomnia caused by montelukast occurred in 1.5% of patients analyzed. The recent evidences indicate that montelukast may reduce the frequency of post-bronchiolitic wheezing without causing significant side effects but that it has no effects on decreasing incidences of recurrent wheezing, symptom-free days, or the associated usage of corticosteroid in post-bronchiolitis patients. The small number of enrolled participants and the inability to pool all clinical outcomes precludes us from making solid recommendations.

[A randomized controlled study of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled, single-center study was performed on 67 premature infants with NRDS between March 2011 and May 2012 and selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These premature infants were randomly assigned to receive NIPPV and NCPAP. Oxygenation index (OI), pH, PaCO2, duration of respiratory support, complications, success rate, hospital mortality, and incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were finally enrolled in the study, including 32 cases in the NIPPV group and 30 cases in the NCPAP group. After one hour of non-invasive ventilation, OI in the NIPPV group was higher than the NCPAP group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in pH and PaCO2 between the two groups (P>0.05 for both). A significantly lower proportion of infants needed mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube (MVET) when they were treated initially with NIPPV than when they were treated initially with NCPAP (P<0.05). The NIPPV group had a significant higher success rate than the NCPAP group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in duration of respiratory support between the two groups (P>0.05). In addition, no significant differences in incidence of pneumothorax, hospital mortality and incidence of BPD were seen between the two groups (P>0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with NCPAP, NIPPV can significantly decrease the proportion of premature infants with NRDS in need of MVET. However, there is no evidence that NIPPV can significantly reduce hospital mortality and incidence of BPD in premature infants with NRDS.

Factors influencing the response to specific immunotherapy for asthma in children aged 5-16 years.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors predicting the response to allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) in children with asthma. METHODS: The case notes of children with asthma who received ASIT for 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. The cases were then divided into an effective clinical response group, defined as absence of asthma symptoms without requirement for medication for at least 6 months during follow up; and an ineffective clinical response group. At the time of initiating treatment, blood was collected for analysis of serum total IgE. Family history of atopy, history of passive smoking, onset age of wheezing and so on was obtained from each patient. Ten factors that may influence children's response were analyzed on logistic regression analysis and compared between groups. RESULTS: A total of 99 children with asthma received ASIT s.c. for 2 years during September 2007-February 2010. The average age was 8.66 ± 0.30 years. Good response to ASIT was found in 72 cases, while an inadequate response was found in 27 cases. Of the 10 factors tested for correlation with clinical response to ASIT, a significant correlation was found with onset age of wheezing and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The odds ratio for the onset age of wheezing was 2.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40-5.65, P = 0.004) and that for AHR was 1.33 (95%CI: 1.04-1.70, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION: Potential predictors for the response to ASIT in children with asthma were identified. Onset age of wheezing and AHR may influence response to ASIT.

Analysis of 170 cases of congenital TB reported in the literature between 1946 and 2009.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital tuberculosis is a rare disease. The mortality is very high. Through a review of our own cases and the world literature, we describe clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of this disease. METHODS: A total of 170 subjects with congenital tuberculosis that 6 cases identified by the authors and 164 cases identified in other case series were included in this study. All patients were diagnosed according to Cantwell's criteria. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 17.0 spss. RESULTS: There were 70 premature babies among the 170 infants with congenital tuberculosis. The average onset age was 20 days. The mothers of 162 patients were diagnosed as having active tuberculosis during pregnancy or after parturition. Nonspecific signs and symptoms were found in these 170 cases, such as fever, respiratory distress, and hepatosplenomegaly, etc. Abnormal chest radiographs were found in 133 infants, of whom 83 cases showed miliary tuberculosis and multiple pulmonary nodules. Sixty-eight infants died from among the 169 cases. The mortality dropped to 21.7% after treatment with anti-tuberculosis medication. The blood leukocyte count (P < 0.001), anti-tuberculosis treatment (P < 0.001), age of onset (P = 0.004), and presence of intracranial lesions (P < 0.001) affected the prognosis of congenital tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of infants with congenital tuberculosis onset within 2-3 weeks after delivery had no specific manifestations. Anti-tuberculosis medication could reduce the mortality. The age of onset, presence of intracranial lesions, anti-tuberculosis treatment, specific image performances and leukocyte count were related to the prognosis of congenital tuberculosis.

The polymorphism of IL-17 G-152A was associated with childhood asthma and bacterial colonization of the hypopharynx in bronchiolitis.

OBJECTIVE: Interleukin (IL)-17 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We investigated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of IL-17 (rs2275913, IL-17 G-152A) and asthma-related traits. Its effect on IL-17 production was also attractive. METHODS: One hundred and sixty eight childhood asthmatic patients, 144 bronchiolitis patients, and 205 healthy controls were recruited in this study. SNP rs2275913 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from parts of healthy controls with different genotype were isolated and cultured with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) for detection of IL-17 in the supernatants. RESULTS: SNP rs2275913 was associated with asthma (P = 0.03) in genotype frequency test. Children with homozygous A were 2.29 times more likely to have asthma than others (95% confidence interval 1.39-3.78, P = 0.001). The strength of associations was moderately higher by allergy comorbidity. Furthermore, SNP rs2275913 A allele was associated with abnormal lung function and serum total IgE in asthmatics, although the production of IL-17 by PHA-induced PBMC seemed to be not different among individuals with different genotypes. The distribution of SNP rs2275913 in bronchiolitis was marginally statistically different with controls and demonstrated a tendency close to that in asthma. Higher Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis detection rates were shown in bronchiolitis patients with homozygous A allele than those with other genotypes (20.8% vs. 3.7%, P < 0.01 and 20.8% vs. 6.2%, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: The preliminary results demonstrate that IL-17 SNP rs2275913 was associated with several asthma-related traits and confers genetic susceptibility to childhood asthma. It may be used to develop markers to assess the risk of asthma, especially in the bronchiolitis population. It may be a potential bridge to connect the bacterial colonization and the onset of asthma.